iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2020

Abstract: Out of pocket expenses on the higher side is a permanent feature of Indian health care financing system , with surmounting evidence of increase in stress on individuals and households owing to the ever increasing budgetary allocation for health related expenses . Myriad reasons have been documented for reasons to explore behind not getting the child immunized on time or completing the vaccines as per the local schedules.Supply side determinants are mainly observed as poor availability of the vaccine on the day of vaccination which ultimately can pinch the pocket of the individual or the family household income as the place where supply side is not lacking is usually situated in the block or district headquarters which can be far off for some families.Objective of the study was to 1) Understand the socioeconomic condition of the parents coming to the Immunization clinic of Muradnagar.....

[1]. Cost of illness: evidence from a study in five resource-poor locations in India.Dror DM, van Putten-Rademaker O, Koren RIndian J Med Res. 2008 Apr; 127(4):347-61.
[2]. Gupta, Indrani et al. ―Out-of-Pocket Spending on Out-Patient Care in India: Assessment and Options Based on Results from a District Level Survey.‖ PloS one vol. 11,11 e0166775. 18 Nov. 2016, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166775.
[3]. Gupta I, S Chowdhury. Financing for Health Coverage in India—Issues and Concerns‖. IEG Working Paper No. 346. 2015; Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi, India. [Ref list]
[4]. Andersson N, Cockcroft A, Ansari NM, et al. Evidence-based discussion increases childhood vaccination uptake: a randomised cluster controlled trial of knowledge translation in Pakistan. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2009;9(Suppl 1):S8. doi: 10.1186/1472-698X-9-S1-S8. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
[5]. Banerjee AV, Duflo E, Glennerster R, Kothari D. Improving immunisation coverage in rural India: clustered randomised controlled evaluation of immunisation campaigns with and without incentives. BMJ. 2010;340:c2220. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c2220. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Abstract: Background: Neonatal hypoglycemia is one of the most frequently encountered metabolic abnormalities in newborn infants. Estimates of the incidence of hypoglycemia in the newborn depend both on the definition of the condition and the methods by which blood glucose concentrations are measured.The definition of hypoglycemia in the newborn infant has remained controversial because of a lack of significant correlation among plasma glucose concentration, clinical symptoms and long-termsequelae. Low birth weight newborns are at a higher risk for hypoglycemia as compared to normal birth weight. Objective:To determine the incidence of hypoglycemia in low birth weight (LBW) newborns and to assess the clinical manifestations and short term outcomes of hypoglycemia in LBW newborns. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017.....

Keywords: Hypoglycemia, LBW, SGA, AGA, LGA, RIMS.

[1]. Srinivasan G, Pildes RS, Cattamanchi G, Voora S, Lilien LD. Plasma glucosevalues in normal neonates: a new look. J Pediatr 1986;109(1):114-7.
[2]. Cornblath M, Reisner SH. Blood glucose in the neonate and its clinical significance. N Engl J Med 1965;273(7):378-81.
[3]. Rozance PJ, Hay WW. Hypoglycemia in newborn infants: features associated with adverse outcomes. Biol Neonate 2006;90(2):74-86.
[4]. Burns CM, Rutherford MA, Boardman JP, Cowan FM. Patterns of cerebral injury in neurodevelopmental outcomes after symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia. Pediatrics 2008;122(1):65-74.
[5]. Barbara N. State of the science: Neonatal hypoglycemia beyond the basics. Adv Physio Care Concept 2001;1(1):212-6.

Abstract: Background: Inguinal hernia is an ancient malady, as aged, presupposedly, as man himself.Treatment of this condition is only surgical . While in the past hernia surgery was carried out mainly under general and spinal anesthesia, in recent years, there is increased emphasis on use of local anaesthesia in tension free mesh repair of inguinal hernia. Objective: To evaluate feasibility of inguinal hernia repair with prolene mesh under local anesthesia in an out- patient regime, with safety and efficacy.....

Keywords: Inguinal Hernia, Lichtenstein Repair, Day Case Surgery

[1]. Rutkow IM, Robbins AW. Demographic, classificatory and socioeconomic aspects of hernia repair in the united states. SurgClin North Am 1993; 73: 413.
[2]. Baskerville PA, Jarret PEM. Day case inguinal hernia. Ann R CollSurgEngl 1983; 65: 224–5.
[3]. Wozniewska P, Golaszewski P, Pawluszewicz P, Hady HR. Inguinal hernias–the review of literature.Post N Med 2018; XXXI(5): 287-291. DOI: 10.25121/PNM.2018.31.5.287
[4]. Kulacoglu H. Current options in inguinal hernia repair in adult patients. Hippokratia. 2011 Jul;15(3):223.
[5]. Goyal P, Sharma SK, Jaswal KS, Goyal S, Ahmed M, Sharma G, Pandotra P. Comparison of inguinal hernia repair under local anesthesia versus spinal anesthesia. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2014;13(1):54-9.

Abstract: Background: Anemia and iron deficiency are important and common co-morbidities that often coexist in patients with heart failure. Both conditions, together or independently, are associated with poor clinical status and worse outcomes. Whether anemia and iron deficiency are just markers of heart failure severity or whether they mediate heart failure progression and outcomes and therefore should be treated is not entirely clear.Intravenous iron therapy in iron-deficient patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction has been shown to alleviate HF symptoms and improve exercise capacity and quality of life. The objectives of the study include estimating the haemoglobin levels, haematocrit levels & also comparing the symptoms among the patients before and after treatment.....

Key words: Iron deficiency, Intravenous, Parenteral, Haematocrit, Heart failure

[1]. Horwich TB, Fonarow GC, Hamilton MA, et al., Anemia is associated with worse symptoms, greater impairment in functional capacity and a significant increase in mortality in patients with advanced heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 39: 1780–1786.
[2]. Mozaffarian D, Nye R, Levy WC. Anemia predicts mortality in severe heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 41: 1933– 1939.
[3]. Stoltzfus R, Dreyfuss M. Guidelines for the use of iron supplements to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia. Gr: Int. Nutr. Anemia Consult; 1998.
[4]. Zimmermann MB, Hurrell RF, CDC, et al. Nutritional iron deficiency. Lancet (London, England) 2007; 370 (9586):511–20.
[5]. Tang YD, Katz SD. Anemia in chronic heart failure: prevalence, etiology, clinical correlates, and treatment options. Circulation. 2006; 113: 2454– 2461.

Abstract: Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide. It can lead to cardiovascular disease and also leads to functional disturbances including hematological parameters. The abnormalities of haematological parameters may enhance an end organ damage. Hypertension is one of the factors associated with stroke, congestive heart failure, or kidney failure. Over-weight and obesity are the two most key determinants of health that leads to adverse metabolic changes including increase in blood pressure. The cellular components of blood contribute to the viscosity and volume of blood, thus playing a vital role in regulating blood pressure. Objectives: To compare the hematological parameters and anthropometric indicators in hypertensive and normotensive males.....

Key Words: Hypertension, Anthropometric indicators, Hematological indices, BMI, WHR

[1]. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. JAMA2003; 289:2560-71.
[2]. Jyotsna Singh. World Health Organisation. Global Health Statistics. India has low rates of hypertension reveals WHO study. New Delhi, DHNS: 2012.
[3]. Mohan V, Deepa M, Farooq S, Datta M, Deepa R. Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Chennai-the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study(CURES-52). J Assoc Physicians India 2007; 55:326-32.
[4]. Fauci A, Branwald E, Kasper L, Larry L. Hyperten-sive vascular disease. In: Naomi DL, Gordon HW eds. Harrison‟s principles of internal medicine. 17th ed. Newyork: McGraw Hill Publishers: 1463-1480.
[5]. Deshmukh PR, Gupta S, Dongre A, Bharambe M, Maliye C. Relationship of anthropometric indicators with blood pressure levels in rural Wardha. Ind J Med Res 2006; 123:657-64..

Abstract: Introduction:Thyroid lesions comprise a wide group of diseases ranging from congenital, inflammatory, and benign to malignant lesions. The prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules in India is 12.2% and distinguishing benign from a malignant nodule is essential. For proper management "The Bethesda system for reporting Thyroid Cytopathology" (TBSRTC) was introduced in a conference held at the National Cancer Institute in 2007 to standardize the terminology used to categorize various thyroid lesions. Materials and Methods:The present study is a prospective study 49 cases were studied for the duration of 10 months from March 2019 to December 2019.....

Key Word: FNAC, Reliability, TBSRTC, Thyroidcytology

[1]. Unnikrishnan AG, Menon UV. Thyroid disorders in India: An epidemiological perspective. Indian J EndocrinolMetab 2011;15:78‑81.
[2]. UshaMenon V, Sundaram KR, Unnikrishnan AG, Jayakumar RV, Nair V, Kumar H. High prevalence of undetected thyroid disorders in an iodine sufficient adult south Indian population. J Indian Med Assoc. 2009;107:72–7.
[3]. Cibas ES, Ali SZ, NCI Thyroid FNA State of the Science Conference. The Bethesda System for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Am J ClinPathol 2009;132:658‑65.
[4]. Layfield LJ, Cibas ES, Baloch Z. Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology: A review of the National Cancer Institute state of the science symposium. Cytopathology 2010;21:75‑85.
[5]. Ali SZ, Cibas ES. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. New York: Springer; 2009.

Abstract: Aim:The main objectives of this in vitro study is, within its limitations, is to evaluate whether every day drinks affect the aesthetics of the dental composite resin materials. Method: Thirty microhybrid composite resin (Gradia Direct) discs were made (15 mm in diameter and 2mm thick) and randomly divided into five groups. The groups were immersed in colorants asred wine, coca-cola, filter coffee, aronia tea and distilled water as control group. Spectrophotometer X-RITE RM 200 was used to follow the changes in color with three measurements, first one at the beginning (baseline), second at the middle, third at the end of the research. Each group was immersed in its colorant twice a day for the duration of the study. The received data was analyzedaccording the.....

Keywords: discoloration; composite resin; spectrophotometer;

[1]. Afzali BM, Ghasemi A, Mirani A, Abdolazimi Z, Baghban AA, Kharazifard MJ. "Effect of Ingested Liquids on Color Change of Composite Resins". JDT August 2015; Vol. 12, No. 8
[2]. Al Kheraif AAA, Qasim SSB, Ramakrishnaian R, Rehman I. "Effect of different beverages on the color stability an degree of conversion of nano and microhybrid composites". Dental Materials Journal 2013; 32(2): 326-331
[3]. Antonov M, Lenhardt L, Manojlovic D, Milicevic B, Zekovic I, Dramacanin MD. "Changes of Color and Fluorescence of Resin Composites Immersed in Beer". Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 2016 Vol 00, No 00,
[4]. Avsar A, Yuzbasioglu E, Sarac D. " The Effect of Finishing and Polishing Techniques on the Surface Roughness and the Color of Nanocomposite Resin Restorative Materials". AdvClinExp Med 2015, 24, 5, 881-890
[5]. Awliya WY, Al-Alwani DJ, Gashmer ES, Al-Mandil HB. "The effect of commonly used types of coffe on surface microhardness and color stability of resin-based composite restorations" The Saudi Dental Journal (2010) 22, 177 – 181

Abstract: Menstrual irregularity is the most common gynaecological disorder in adolescent group. Adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood and involves physical, biological and psychosexual changes and is characterized by hormonal changes. Hormone imbalance is due to immature Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, thyroid dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Some of the common problems that the adolescent girls encounter are dysmenorrhoea, menstrual flow disorder and premenstrual symptoms. 75% of the adolescent girls encounter some problems associated with menstruation1 1) Dysmenorrhoea is the most common in young girls which is defined as painful menstrual flow. 2) Pre- menstrual syndrome (PMS) is defined...

[1]. Lee LK, Chen PCY, Lee KK. Menstruation among adolescent girls in Malaysia: a cross sectional school survey. Singapore Med J. 2006;47(10):869-74.
[2]. Rupaveni, Veena KS, Subithal L. Menstrual abnormalities in school going girls- Are they related to dietary and exercise pattern? J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(11):2537-40.
[3]. Mohite RV, Mohite VR. Correlates of the menstrual problems among rural college students of Satara district. Al Ameen J Med Sci. 2013;6(3):213-8.
[4]. Verma PB, Pandya CM, Ramanuj VA. Menstrual pattern of adolescent school girls in Bhavnagar (Gujarat). NJIRM. 2011;2(1):30-40.
[5]. Shabnam O, Khyrunnisa B. Factors influencing hygienic practices during menses among girls from South India: A cross sectional study. Int J Collaborative Res Internal Med Pub Heal. 2010:2 (12):411-23.

Abstract: Introduction: Adenoidectomy is one of the commonest operations performed all over the world. Most frequently done procedure is conventional curette adenoidectomy. Numerous methods have been developed such as laser, microdebrider, radiofrequency, coblation and endoscopic-assisted techniques.The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of conventional and endoscopic assisted curettage adenoidectomy (EAA). Materials and Methods: 120 patients between the age of 7-15 years and requiring adenoidectomy for various symptoms were enrolled in the study. All the study participants underwent a preoperative assessment which includes clinical examination for nasal patency, ear examination, nasal endoscopy and radiography of post-nasal space. All the patients were randomized into two groups, each of sixty. Group A underwent blind curettage technique and Group B underwent endoscopic assisted curettage adenoidectomy Results: Residual adenoid tissues were found in.....

Key Word: Adenoidectomy, conventional curette adenoidectomy, Endoscopic assisted curettage Adenoidectomy

[1]. Yaman H, Memis M, Ilhan E.Comparision of transoral/ transnasal endoscopic-guided adenoidectomy with endoscopic nasopharyngeal inspection at the end of curettage adenoidectomy. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;67(2):124-27
[2]. El A, Tahan R El, Elzayat S, Hegazy H, Rahman A El, Tahan E. Adenoidectomy: comparison between the conventional curettage technique and the coblation technique in pediatric patients. Egypt J Otolaryngol Egypt J Otolaryngol [Internet]. 2016;32(3):152–5.
[3]. Songu M, Altay C, Adibelli ZH, Adibelli H. Endoscopic-assisted versus curettage adenoidectomy: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study with objective outcome measures. Laryngoscope. 2010;120(9):1895–9.
[4]. Hussein IA. Conventional Versus Endoscopic-Assisted Adenoidectomy: A Comparative Study. 2012;9(3):570–82.
[5]. Kim JW, Kim HJ, Lee WH, Kim DK, Kim SW, Kim YH, et al. Comparative study for efficacy and safety of adenoidectomy according to the surgical method: A prospective multicenter study. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):2–9..

Abstract: Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children and is the leading cause childhood morbidity. The risk for asthma is associated with exposure to several environmental & genetic factors. Aim and objective: Aim of the study was to determine the risk factors of childhood asthma Methods and Materials: This descriptive case control study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine (Pulmonology), Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.During the period from January 2018 to December 2018, which included 350 children where 175 was cases and 175 was controls Group. This study was carried out among 350 subjects, out of which 175 were cases and 175 were controls, age ranging from 5 to 15 years. Cases.....

Key word: Asthma, Risk factors, Family history, Bronchiolitis, Allergic rhinitis

[1]. Morgan WJ, Crain EF, Gruchalla RS, O'Connor GT, Kattan M, Evans R 3rd, et al. Results of a home-based environmental intervention among urban children with asthma. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1068-80.
[2]. Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S, Beasley R. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) program. The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy. 2004; 59:469-78.
[3]. Kabir ARML, Rahman AKM, Mannan MA, Chanda SK, Chowdhury AT. Prevalence of wheeze and asthma in children of a coastal community of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Child Health 1999; 23:37-43.
[4]. Hasan MR, Kabir ARML, Mahmud AM, Rahman F, Hossain MA, Bennoor KS, et al. Self- reported asthma symptoms in children and adults of Bangladesh: findings of the National Asthma Prevalence Study. International Journal of Epidemiology2002; 31: 483-488.
[5]. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015; 385: 117–71.

Abstract: Background: Increasing rates of cesarean deliveries have received widespread attention in recent years and have increased widespread discussion in the public domain in Bangladesh. Besides these, surgical site infection is one of the most common complications following caesarean section, with an incidence of 14- 46%. Aim of the study:The present study helps to know the risk factors and the organisms causing surgical site injection at our hospital and then sensitivity to different antibiotics. Methods and Materials: It was a non-interventional, descriptive, cross sectional study conducted on a special group of population suffering from surgical site infection in the Department of Gynaecology& Obstetrics, JashoreMedicallCollege,Jashore Bangladesh. Two hundred (200) patients were included in the study as the study population during the.......

Keywords: Caesarean section, Culture and Sensitivity, Escherischia coli, surgical site injection

[1]. Skarzyriska J, Cienciala A, Madry R, Barucha P, Kwa§niak M, Wojewoda T et al. Hospital infection in general surgery wards. PrzeglEpidemiol. 2000; 54(3- 4):299-304.
[2]. Van schalkwyk J, van Eyk N. Society ofobstetricians and Gynaecologists of CanadaInfectious disease committee. Antbiotic prophylaxis in obstetric procedures. J obstetGynaecol Can. 2010;32(9):878-92.
[3]. Stanton CK, Holtz SA. Levels and trends in cesarean birth in the developing world. Stud FAM Plann. 2006; 37(1):41-8.
[4]. Gaynes RP. Surveillance of nosocomial infections: a fundamental ingredient for quality. Infect Control HospEpidemiol