iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2020

Abstract: Pulp and periapical pathosis and the role of microbes has been investigated and documented. Persistant bacteria in biofilms have a wide range of characteristics including The role of microorganisms within the root canal system in causing pulp and periapical pathosis has been investigated and well documented. Bacteria that persist in biofilms show a wide range of characteristics such as, increased protection from host defence, increased antimicrobial resistance and the ability to survive and adapt despite ecological changes such as nutrient deprivation. Endodontic instruments alone have been shown to touch only 30–50 % of canal walls regardless of the instrument selected. When considering the complex anatomical irregularities (such as fins, isthmuses and recesses) within the root canal system, the emphasis on chemical disinfection and correct irrigation protocols are of paramount importance. A clinical protocol is proposed at the end of the article

[1]. Arias-Moliz MT, Ordinola-Zapata R, Baca P, RuizLinares M, Ferrer-Luque CM. Antimicrobial activity of a sodium hypochlorite/etidronic acid irrigant solution. J Endod. 2014;40(12):1999–2002.
[2]. Autegarden JE, Pecquet C, Huet S, Bayrou O, Leynadier F. Anaphylactic shock after application of chlorhexidine to unbroken skin. Contact Dermatitis. 1999;40:215–7.
[3]. Baker NE, Liewehr FR, Buxton TB, Joyce AP. Antibacterial effi cacy of calcium hydroxide, iodine potassium iodide, betadine, and betadine scrub with and without surfactant against E faecalis in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004;98:359.
[4]. Barbosa CA, Goncalves RB, Siqueira Jr JF, De Uzeda M. Evaluation of the antibacterial activities of calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidine, and camphorated paramonochlorophenol as intracanal medicament. A clinical and laboratory study. J Endod. 1997;23: 297–300.
[5]. Basrani B, Ghanem A, Tjäderhane L. Physical and chemical properties of chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide-containing medications. J Endod. 2004;30: 413–7..

Abstract: Background: Leg ulcers affect probably millions of persons in the Bangladesh, and their prevalence is likely to rise as the population ages. They cause considerable disability, limb or part of limb loss, and the cost of treating these chronic wounds is enormous. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the financial, social, and psychological Implications of leg ulcer on overall quality of life. Methods: Data were collected by standardized personal interviews with 69 patients with chronic leg ulcers. The interview covered several domains that were selected to determine the Impact of a leg ulcer on overall quality of life. Results: A significant number of patients.....

Keywords: Psychological Implications, Severe Symptoms, Principally Pain, Leg Ulcer

[1]. Samira, Sayeed, Lahiry, and Ali (as cited in Paul andcolleagues' work) in a diabetic hospital, the BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders)
[2]. Sheule Begum Assist. Prof. D. N. Sc. RN. WipaweeKong-in, & Assist. Prof. Ph.D., RN JaruwanManasurakanKnowledge and Practice of Prevention of Foot Ulcer among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
[3]. SAN Alam, AHM Bashar, KM Alam, MN Sabah, GM M Hossain, ME Hakim, M Badiuzzaman, AK Azad Cost- Effective Management of Venous Ulcer ,Department of Vascular Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka. Bangladesh.
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Abstract: Caesarean delivery is frequently complicated by surgical site infections (SSIs), endometritis and urinary tract infection..in view of prevailing concerns about antibiotic resistance,the present study aims to know if single dose antibiotic is as effective as multiple doses in prevention of post-operative infection in elective lower segment caesarean section.it is found that the incidenceof post operative surgical site and other infections is similar in both groups. Material And Method: The study population : women undergoing elective lower segment caesarean section at government maternity hospital ,Tirupati.All patients received inj Cefotaxime IV half hour before surgery. In addition the multiple dose group received antibiotics for five days post-operatively. Each patient in the study was observed till discharge for presence of any morbidity like endometritis, urinary tract infections, and wound infections......

Key Word: Antibiotic prophylaxis, caesarean section, infectious morbidity, multiple doses, single dose

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Abstract: Nerve conduction studies are increasingly used in diagnosis and prognosis of various neurological diseases. Temperature changes influence the nerve conduction study. It is an important factor influencing the velocity of nerve impulse. To what extent and whether the effect is same along the temperature scale is still disputed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of temperature changes on normal human motor nerve conduction and to compare it with results obtained in previous studies. The study was conducted over 50 young healthy adult medicos of NMCH, Patna aged between 18-25 years of age of average height and weight. Median motor nerve was selected for study. The forearm skin temperatures were varied from 27°C to 37°C using hot and cold packs. Mean and Standard deviation of MNCV.......

Keywords – MNCV, temperature, young, healthy, adults Abbreviations – MNCV- Motor nerve conduction velocity, ANOVA- Analysis of variance

[1]. Mathew C. Kieman, Katia Cikurel and Hugh Bostock. Effects of temperature on the excitability properties of human motor axons. Brain 2001;124:816-825.
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[4]. Shailja Tiwari , Kiran Patel , Namrata Dubey and Garg S.P. A study of effect of temperature on latency and amplitude of median sensory and motor nerve in normal subjects.International journal of recent advances in multidisciplinary research.Jan 2015,vol. 2,issue 1:174-76.
[5]. K Todnem , G Knudson, J Rise, T H Nyland, J A Aarli. The non linear relationship between nerve conduction velocity and skin temperature. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1989; 52:497-501.

Abstract: Moya moya disease is a rare vaso-occlusive disease of unknown etiology in which dilated collateral vessels appear hazy on angiography. Psychiatric manifestations of Moya Moya disease is uncommon. We report a case of Moya Moya disease who presented with symptoms of acute and transient psychotic disorder. This case also outlines the vitality of re-evaluating patients with acute onset, atypical or treatment-resistant psychotic symptoms for cerebrovascular pathologies..

Keywords: Moya moya disease, neuroimaging, psychosis, schizophrenia, acute onset

[1]. Tarasow E, Kulakowska A, Kukasiewicz A, et al. Moya-Moya disease: diagnostic imaging. Pol J Radiol2011;76(1):73-9.
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[3]. Mohapatra S, Sahoo AJ. Neuropsychiatric manifestations in a child with moyamoya disease.J Neurosci Rural Pract 2016;7(2):331-2.
[4]. Lubman DI, Pantelis D, Desmond P, Proffitt TM, Velakoulis D. Moyamoya disease in a patient with schizophrenia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc2003;9:806–10.
[5]. Goyal JP, Rao SS, Trivedi S. Moya moya disease in a child: A case report. Case Rep Neurol Med 2011;2011;329738.

Abstract: Study was carried out at Malda Medical college & Hospital, Malda amongst 40 patients of IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction) patients to find out the role of different oxidative radicals and antioxidants and compared with the levels in same number of normal pregnancy patients (i.e. control group). Serum uric acid, MDA (Malondialdehyde), thiol status and catalase levels were analyzed. The level of total thiol which is protective against ROS (reactive oxidative stress), molecules were found to be significantly lowered in the cases with IUGR in comparison to control (i.e. normal pregnancy). Significant changes were observed in catalase levels between the two groups. There is no significant......

Keywords: Thiobarbiturate, Malondialdehyde, Intrauterine growth restriction.

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Abstract: Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard treatment for gallstone disease. Though mostly safe occasionally it can be difficult due to various problems faced during surgical procedure. Anticipation of likely difficulty can help in avoiding complications and legal aspect. Methods: With the aim of identifying various predictors of difficulty and their correlation with likely difficulty this prospective study on 100 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis was undertaken. Various clinical, sonological predictors were recorded and assessed for intraoperative difficulties and frequency of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy was recorded. Results: 100 patients were studied with age......

Key words: Clinical, Sonological, Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Predictors

[1]. Shaffer EA. Epidemiology and risk factors for gallstone disease: has the paradigm changed in the 21st century. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2005;7(2):132–140.
[2]. Dhanke PS, Ugane SP. Factors predicting difficult laproscopic cholecystectomy. Int J Stud Res. 2014;4:37.
[3]. Lam CM, Murray FE, Cuschieri A (1996) Increased cholecystectomy rate after the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Scotland. Gut 38:282–284
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[5]. Solte M, Radoňak j, A risk score to predict the difficulty of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Department of Surgery, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik, Kosice, Slovak Republic, Videosurgery Miniinv 2014; 9

Abstract: Background :–Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now been accepted as the best imaging modality for non-invasive evaluation of knee injuries and most widely used diagnostic modalities to assess the joint injury. Complete evaluation of all the internal structures of the knee was not possible with other modalities like conventional radiography, arthrography, ultrasonography and computed tomography. Objectives:-1). Study of the spectrum of MRI findings in all consecutive cases of knee trauma referred from orthopedic OPD and INDOOR of RIMS. 2). Grading of the various ligamentous and meniscal injuries on the basis of laid down criteria. 3). Comparison of findings of magnetic resonance imaging with surgical findings in selected cases. Material and Methods:- All cases referred from Orthopedic/Surgury department of Rajendra institute of medical sciences(RIMS) Ranchi......

Key words:-MRI, USG, Computed tomography, ACL, PCL, Menisci, collateral ligaments.

[1]. DW Polly, JJ Callaghan, RA Sikes, JM McCabe, K McMahon and CG Savory. The Accuracy of Selective Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared with the Findings of Arthroscopy of the Knee. Am J Bone Joint Surg1988;70:192-198.
[2]. Vaz CES, Camargo OP de, Santana PJ de, Valezi AC. Accuracy of magnetic resonance in identifying traumatic intraarticular knee lesions. Clinics 2005;60(6):445-50.
[3]. Keith Winters, Russell Tregonning. Reliability of magnetic resonance imaging for traumatic injury of the knee. NZMJ [serial online] 2004 Feb [cited 2005 Feb 11]; 118 (1).
[4]. Edwin H G Oei, Jeroen J Nikken, Antonia C M Verstijnen, Abida Z Ginai, M G MyriamHunink. MR Imaging of the Menisci and Cruciate Ligaments: A Systematic Review. Radiology 2003;226:837–848.
[5]. Edwin H G Oei, Abida Z Ginai, M G MyriamHunink. MRI for Traumatic Knee Injury: A Review. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 2007;28:141-157..

Abstract: Introduction:Common problems for edentulous patients, specially mandibular arch, include poor retention and stability, compromised function and comfort and low self-confidence and quality of life. Aim of the Work:To described a new assembled digital device to device biting force of the patients in case of implant placement. Materials and Methods:The novel sensor was used for measuring the clinical biting force of the patients after using the angulated implant retained over denture. To sense the patient biting force (BF) effectively, two sensors have been encapsulated into a conventional denture. When the patient bites on these sensors, their resistances vary according to mandibular BF. When the patient bites on the sensor, its resistance varies according to mandibular Biting force (BF). This variation was converted using the 555-timer circuit attached on the patient's clothing results in decreasing order of......

Key Word: Biting force, Inclined implant, Novel sensor, Computed tomography

[1]. Gul EB, Suca GC. Finite Element Stress Analysis of Overdentures Supported by Angled Implants. Merit Res J Med MedSci 2014;2:196-206.
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Abstract: Background:Colorectal Surgery is prone for Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV),PONV is common anddistressing adverse events associated with surgery and anesthesia. In patients undergoing Colorectal Surgery without antiemetic prophylaxis, the incidence of PONV is high andIt has impact on postoperative recovery. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of prophylactic antiemetic effects of ondansetron and granisetron in patients undergoing colorectal surgery when these drugs are administered before the end of surgery. Methods: After IEC approval, a prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted on 60 ASA I and II adult patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into two.......

Keywords: Colorectal Surgery, postoperative nausea and vomiting, ondansetron, granisetron

[1]. Sinclair DR, Chung F, Mezei G. Can postoperative nausea and vomiting be predicted? Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 109-18.
[2]. Koivuranta M, Läärä E, Snåre L, Alahuhta S. A survey of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia 1997; 52: 443-9.
[3]. Apfel CC, Läärä E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from cross-validations between two centers. Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 693-700.
[4]. Macario A, Weinger M, Carney S, Kim A. Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are important to avoid? The perspective of patients. AnesthAnalg 1999; 89: 652-8