iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2020

Abstract: Background: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is defined as any bleeding that does not correspond with the frequency, duration or amount of blood flow of a normal menstrual cycle. It is a very common gynaecological condition and is caused by a variety of endometrial lesions. This study aims to evaluate the histomorphological spectrum of endometrial lesions resulting in AUB in various age groups. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at the SK diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 146 women presenting with AUB over 1 year from January to December 2019. The histopathological findings of endometrium in AUB were studied and categorized into functional and organic causes. Statistical analysis between the age of presentation and a specific endometrial cause was done using the chi-square test. Results: The most......

Keywords: Abnormal Uterine bleeding, Biopsy, Endometrium, Menorrhagia

[1]. Sedhai LB, Shrestha A. Abnormal uterine bleeding; its prevalence, causes, and management in Chitwan. J Chitwan Med Coll. 2012;1 (2):36-8.
[2]. Ely JW, Kennedy CM, Clark EC, Bowdler NC. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Management Algorithm. J Am Board Fam Med. 2006;19: 590–602.
[3]. Sajitha K, Padma SK, Shetty KJ, Kishan Prasad HL, Permi HS, Hegde P. Study of histopathological patterns of endometrium in abnormal uterine bleeding. Chrismed J Health Res. 2014;1(2):76-81
[4]. Krampl E, Bourne T, Hurlen-Solbakken H, Istre O. Transvaginal ultrasonography sonohysterography and operative hysteroscopy for the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. ActaObstetGynecolScand 2001;80:616-22.

Abstract: Background: Schizophrenia is a major mental illness that influences all aspects of the life of an affected individual with devastating consequences. The various symptoms vary from individual to individual based on many factors from the prenatal period to late adulthood. Understanding the factors influencing the aggressive behavior helps in evaluating and treating patients with schizophrenia. Study of factors associated with aggressive behavior has importance in identifying methods of prevention and intervention with this population. One such important and common factor is psychoactive substance use.......

Keywords: Schizophrenia, Aggression, violence,substance abuse

[1]. Nordstrom K, Allen MH. Managing the acutely agitated and psychotic patient. CNS spectrums. 2007;12(S17):5-11.
[2]. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia bulletin. 1987 Jan 1;13(2):261-76.
[3]. Coccaro EF, Harvey PD, Kupsaw-Lawrence E, Herbert JL, Bernstein DP. Development of neuropharmacologically based behavioral assessments of impulsive aggressive behavior. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences. 1991.
[4]. Bo S, Forth A, Kongerslev M, Haahr UH, Pedersen L, Simonsen E. Subtypes of aggression in patients with schizophrenia: The role of personality disorders. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health. 2013 Apr;23(2):124-37.
[5]. Cantor JM, Blanchard R, Robichaud LK, Christensen BK. Quantitative reanalysis of aggregate data on IQ in sexual offenders. Psychological Bulletin. 2005 Jul;131(4):555

Abstract: Suturing is technique of bringing tissue together and holding them in juxtaposition until the tissue healing occurs. Since wound does not gain strength for 4-6 days, the tissue should be approximated till then by sutures. To overcome the disadvantages of sutures, various non-suturing techniques have been introduced which includes staples, wound closure tapes, and tissue adhesives and ferrous sulphate. So this article is an attempt to compare between the two techniques and find out the effective one.

[1]. GALLI M. "Suture etecnicle de i nodi". Ed. Technodenta. Gennaio 2004.
[2]. Chao JC. "A novel approach to root coverage: The pinhole surgical technique". Int J Periodontics Restrorative Dent. 2012;32(5):521-531.
[3]. Mehdi Ghoreishian et al,"Tissue adhesive and suturing for closure of surgical wound after removal of impacted mandibular third molars: A Comparative study". Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontics.2009;108:14-16.
[4]. FawadJaved et al., "Tissue reactions to various suture materials used in oral surgical interventions". ISRN Dentistry.2012:1-6.
[5]. S.D.Macht and T.J.Krizek."Sutures and suturing current concepts".Journal of Oral Surgery.1978;36(9):710-712..

Abstract: Background: Investigative imaging techniques used in medicine constitute the highest radiation source to which humans are constantly exposed apart from the normal background radiation from nature. The aim of this study is to assess awareness of radiation protection measures among the final year medical students and medical intern doctors Materials and methods: This is a questionnaire based cross sectional study conducted at the department of Radio-diagnosis in Yenepoya Medical College Hospital. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical norms as laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed written consent was taken from the subjects before enrolling them for the study. The questionnaire is a structured and self administered one containing 18 closed ended multiple choice questions.......

Keywords: Ionizing Radiation, Radiation Protection, Questionnaire, Medical education, Interns, Medical Students

[1]. Mettler Jr FA, Bhargavan M, Faulkner K, Gilley DB, Gray JE, Ibbott GS, et al. Radiologic and nuclear medicine studies in the United States and worldwide: frequency, radiation dose, and comparison with other radiation sources. Radiology. 2009;253(2):520–31.
[2]. Divrik Gökçe S, Gökçe E, Coşkun M. Radiology residents‟ awareness about ionizing radiation doses in imaging studies and their cancer risk during radiological examinations. Korean J Radiol. 2012;13(2):202–9.
[3]. Brenner DJ, Doll R, Goodhead DT, Hall EJ, Land CE, Little JB, et al. Cancer risks attributable to low doses of ionizing radiation: assessing what we really know. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(24):13761–6.
[4]. Dellie ST, Admassie D, Ewnetu Y. An Assessment of Final-Year Medical Students and Interns Awareness of Radiation Exposure to Common Diagnostic Imaging Procedures. Szücs-Farkas Z, editor. Adv Radiol. 2014;2014:426909.
[5]. Wong C, Huang B, Sin H, Wong W, Yiu K, Chu Yiu Ching T. A questionnaire study assessing local physicians, radiologists and interns‟ knowledge and practice pertaining to radiation exposure related to radiological imaging. Eur J Radiol. 2011/03/24. 2012;81(3):e264–8.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular Carcinoma(HCC) is a major health problem, being the 5th most common neoplasm in the world and the third most common cause of cancer related deaths. Though cirrhosis of all etiologies may be complicated by HCC, persistent HBV or HCV infections account for over 80% of cases worldwide. However, studies in Italy and United states indicate alcohol as main cause of HCC(32 to 45%). AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and profile of HCC in patients of chronic liver disease MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study was a cross sectional study conducted in a prospective manner from sep 2017 to june 2019 in consecutive chronic liver disease patients attending liver clinic and inpatients in a tertiary care hospital in Manipur......

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Child-Turcotte-Pugh, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer

[1]. Liovet JM, Burroughs A, Bruix J. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 2003;362;1907-17.
[2]. Wands JR, Blum HE. Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma. N Engl J 1991;325(10):729-31.
[3]. Bray F, Colomet M, Mery L, Pineros M, Znaor A,Zanetti R, et al. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Vol. XI. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2017. Available at http://ci5.iarc.fr/CI5-XI/Default.aspx/. Accessed Juy 28,2019.
[4]. Jayant K, Rao RS, Nene BM, Dale PS, Thorat RV, Khan FY. Rural cancer trends in worldwide epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and therapeutics. Hepat Med 2012;4:19-37.
[5]. Dikshit R, Gupta PC, Ramasundarahettige C, Galalakshmi V, Aleksandrowicz L, Badwe R, et al. Cancermortality in India: a nationally representative survey. Lancet 2012;365(12):1118-27.

Abstract: Background Chronic otitis media is a recurrent and progressive disease characterized by permanent changes in tympanic membrane like perforation and discharge, lasting for more than three months. Chronic otitis media has been classified into mucosal and squamosal types, the latter category is associated with the presence of cholesteatoma. Chronic otitis media is the commonest cause of conductive hearing loss. This results due to disruption of the ear drum and ossicular chain......

[1]. Murat Karaman, Arman Tek .Does middle ear pathologies have a relationship with hearing level in Chronic suppurative Otitis Media? Medical Journal of Umraniye, 2009 Vol.2 No.3-4, p 99-110.
[2]. Mohammed Shafiqul Islam, Md. Rafiqul Islam, MohakkadAsheqqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Md ShaziburRashid, Pran Gopal DattaPattern and degree of hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitismedia. Bangladesh J Otolaryngol 2010;16(2); 96-105.
[3]. Santosh U.P., Dr.S.M.Siddalingappa, Sheeba Mathew, Vinay Bhat, Deepak Janardhan. A study of correlation of the clinical features, radiological evaluation and operative findings in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma. Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery., April, 2011, Volume 8 No. 1; p 17-29.
[4]. Acuin Jose.Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, Burden of illness and management options. World Health Organisation, Geneva; WHO 2004
[5]. George G Browning, SaumilN.Merchant, Gerard Kelly, Iain R.C, Rechard Canter, William S.Mckerrow,. Chronic Otitis Media., In Scott Brown's Otolayngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 7th Edition, Volume 3, Edward Arnold, London 2008 Chapter 237c; p3399.

Abstract: Résumé La coloscopie représente l'examen de référence pour l'exploration morphologique du côlon. La qualité de la préparation colique conditionne la rentabilité et la performance aussi bien sur le plan diagnostique que thérapeutique L'objectif de l'étude est de comparer l'efficacité et la tolérance des protocoles utilisés Patients et méthode : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective, monocentrique, descriptive et analytique, de l'efficacité et de la tolérance des protocoles de préparation colique incluant tous les patients ayant bénéficié d'une coloscopie dans un centre hospitalier.......

[1]. Bressler B, Paszat LF, Chen Z, Rothwell DM, Vinden C, Rabeneck L. Rates of new or missed colorectal cancers aftercolonoscopy and theirriskfactors : a population-basedanalysis. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:96-102
[2]. Baxter NN, Goldwasser MA, Paszat LF, Saskin R, Urbach DR, Rabeneck L. Association of colonoscopy and deathfrom colorectal cancer. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150:1-8.
[3]. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN, O'Brien MJ, Gottlieb LS, Sternberg SS, et al. Prevention of Colorectal Cancer by CôlonoscopicPolypectomy. N Engl J Med. 30 déc 1993;329(27):1977-81.
[4]. Zauber AG, Winawer SJ, O'Brien MJ, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, van Ballegooijen M, Hankey BF, et al. CôlonoscopicPolypectomy and Long-TermPrevention of Colorectal-Cancer Deaths. N Engl J Med. 23 févr 2012;366(8):687-96
[5]. Kaminski MF, Thomas-Gibson S, Bugajski M, Bretthauer M, Rees CJ, Dekker E, et al. Performance measures for lowergastrointestinalendoscopy: aEuropean Society of GastrointestinalEndoscopy (ESGE) QualityImprovement Initiative. Endoscopy. avr 2017;49(04):378-97.

Abstract: Déjà vu (DV) has been said to be any subjectively inappropriate impression of familiarity of present experience with an undefined past. Although 60–80% of the healthy population have experienced déjà vu one or more times throughout their life.[1] The term was coined by the French psychologist Emile Boirac in his monograph L'Avenir des sciences psychiques.[2]......

[1]. Kovacs, N., Auer, T., Balas, I., Karadi, K., Zambo, K., Schwarcz, A., Klivenyi, P., Jokeit, H., Horvath, K., Nagy, F. and Janszky, J., 2009. Neuroimaging and cognitive changes during déjà vu. Epilepsy & Behavior, 14(1), pp.190-196.
[2]. Vlasov, P.N., Chervyakov, A.V. and Gnezditskii, V.V., 2013. Déjà vu phenomenon-related EEG pattern. Case report. Epilepsy & behavior case reports, 1, pp.136-141.
[3]. Gupta, A.K., Jeavons, P.M., Hughes, R.C. and Covanis, A., 1983. Aura in temporal lobe epilepsy: clinical and electroencephalographic correlation. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 46(12), pp.1079-1083.
[4]. Spatt, J., 2002. Déjà vu: possible parahippocampal mechanisms. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 14(1), pp.6-10.
[5]. Devinsky, O., 2004. Diagnosis and treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy. Rev Neurol Dis, 1(1), pp.2-9.

Abstract: Background: The incidence of intertrochanteric fractures is gender and race dependent and varies from country to country. Ninety percent3 of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly result from a simple fall and Intertrochanteric fractures in younger individuals are usually the result of a high-energy injury. Intertrochanteric fractures can be managed by conservative or operative methods. Conservative methods4 are now indicated under 2 conditions,(i) Older person with high medical risk for anaesthesia and surgery. (ii) Non-ambulatory patient with minimal discomfort following injury. Rigid internal fixation and early mobilization have been the standard methods of treatment recently. The latest implant9 for management of an intertrochanteric fracture is Proximal Femoral Nail7.....

Key Word: intertrochanteric femur fracture, proximal femoral nail, dynamic hip screw, comparison of functional outcome

[1]. Himanshu.H et al Proximal Femoral Nail: A Boon for Pertrochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 15, Issue 7 Ver. IX (July. 2016), PP 53-59
[2]. Kaufer H. BioMechanics –Biomechanical forces and Stresses on the Implants in the treatment of hip injuries. Clin Orthop. 1980;146:53-61.
[3]. Kulkarni.G.S. et al Current Concept review Intertrochanteric fractures, INDIAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS January 2006 Volume 40 : Number 1 : P. 16-23
[4]. Evans, E. M., & Wales, S. S. (1951). Comparison Of Conservative Methods And Operative Methods Of Treatment of Trochanteric Fractures The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume, 33-B(2), 192– 204. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.33b2.192
[5]. Zhang.WQ et al Comparing the Intramedullary Nail and Extramedullary Fixation in Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures, Scientific Reports (2018) 8:2321 DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-20717-2

Abstract: Background: Talipes equinovarus, is a congenital condition consisting of hindfoot equinus, hindfoot varus, forefoot adduction deformities. Clubfoot is probably the most common congenital orthopaedic condition requiring intensive treatment. Treatment should be started at a very early age, preferably immediately following birth. To avoid the degree of severity of deformity, baby's parents should be educated regarding the importance of early and prolonged and persistent treatment, as soon as the child is born. This will obviate the need for major surgical procedures which becomes necessary if the treatment is not started early. Very early intervention without the benefit of a conservative treatment has proved disappointing. Early release of soft tissue for persistent......

Keywords: CTEV, Posteromedial release by Turco's,Caroll'sdual incision

[1]. Anand A, Sala DA, Clubfoot: Etiology and treatment. Indian J Orthop2008;42:22-8
[2]. Lichtblau S. A Medial and lateral release operation for clubfoot. J Bone Joint surg Am. 1973;55:1377-84.
[3]. Garceau GJ, Palmer RM.Transfer of the anterior tibial tendon for recurrent club foot. A long-term follow-up, J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1967 Mar;49(2):207-31
[4]. Evans D. Relapsed clubfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1961;43:722.
[5]. O'Sullivan E1, Carare-Nnadi R, Greenslade J, Bowyer G., Clinical significance of variations in the interconnections between flexor digitorumlongus and flexor hallucislongus in the region of the knot of Henry, Clin Anat. 2005 Mar;18(2):121-5..

Abstract: Background: Gastrointestinal perforation (GIP) is a common surgical emergency worldwide. The common aetiological factors are related to geographical and racial disposition of the patients, no age is exempt. Presentation is often late and resources scarce in developing countries resulting in higher morbidity and mortality. This study highlights the causes, presentation and management of Gastrointestinal perforation in a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria. Material and Methods: All patients who had GIP between 1st JAN 2014--30THAPRIL 2015 in Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara.......

Keywords: pattern, gastrointestinal perforation, south-south, perforated appendix

[1]. Ramakrishnan K and Salinas RC. Peptic ulcer disease, The American Family Physician. 2007 Oct 1;76(7):1005-12.
[2]. Langell JT, Mulvihill SJ. Gastrointestinal perforation and acute abdomen. The Med Clin of North Am; 92(3):599-625,viii-ix.
[3]. Erusmo T, Kotisso B. Perforated peptic ulcer in Tikur Anbessa Hospital: a review of 74 cases. Ethiop Med J, vol. 43, no. 1, 9–13, 2005
[4]. Yeung KW, Chang MS, Huang JF.CT. Evaluation of gastrointestinal perforation. Clin Imaging.2004;28:329-333.
[5]. Agarwall N, Saha S, Srivastava A, Chumber S, Dhar A, Garg SPeritonitis 10 years experience in a single surgical unit. Trop Gastroenterol.2007,28(3):117-20.

Abstract: Background Blood transfusion has become an essential part of patient management in modern medicine. Monitoring of such indicators should be done regularly, and deficiencies are to be corrected for effective blood transfusion services. Aim:- the study was carried out to measure the impact of monitoring of quality indicators and how it can be used as a tool for Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI). Material and Methods Thisone-year prospective study was conducted in Department of Transfusion Medicine, Government Medical College and Rajindra......

[1]. Nel TJ. Clinical guidelines, audits and hemovigilance in managing blood transfusion needs. Transfusion Alternatives in Transfusion Medicine 2008;10(2): 61-69.
[2]. Roback JD, Combs MR, Grossman BJ, Hillyer CD. MT (ASCP) SBB. Technical Manual (16thedn.). American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) 2008;24.
[3]. Roy AD, Pal A. Evaluation of "Wastage Rate‟ of blood and components – an important quality indicator in blood banks. Article no. BJMMR 2015.458. BJMMR 2015;8(4):348-52.
[4]. Baesler F, Nemeth M, Martinez C, Bastias A. Analysis of inventory strategies for blood components in a regional blood center using process simulation. Transfusion. 2014;54(2):323-30.
[5]. Newman B. Blood donor suitability and donation complications. In : Handbook of Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 2006;27-35..