iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2021

Abstract:Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease includes a spectrum of hepatic changes from steatosis alone to NASH which also encompasses the findings of steatonecrosis, Mallory bodies and fibrosis. It is particularly associated with Type-2 Diabetes, Obesity and Dyslipidemia. The overall prevalence of NAFLD is 15 to 40% in Western countries and 9 to 40% in Asian countries. The present study was conducted with an aim to study the prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type-2 Diabetes....

[1]. Kalra S, Vithalani M, Gulati G, Kulkarni CM, Kadam Y, Pallivathukal J, Das B, Sahay R, Modi KD.
[2]. Study of prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes patients in india (SPRINT).
[3]. J Assoc Physicians India.2013 Jul;61(7):448-453.
[4]. Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, Rodella S, Tessari R, Zenari L, Day C, Arcaro G. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes care, 2007 May 1;30(5):1212-8.
[5]. Merat S, Yarahmadi S, Tahaghoghi S, Alizadeh Z, Sedighi N, Mansourmia N, Ghorbani A,Malekzadeh R. Prevalence of fatty liver disease among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its relation to insulin resistance. Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases (MEJDD). 2009;1(2):74-9.

Abstract: Introduction: Induction of labour is the artificial initiation of labour before its spontaneous onset for the purpose of delivery of the foetoplacental unit using mechanical or pharmacologic methods. Considering maternal complications, it is preferred to induce labour after 40 weeks. In Bangladesh very few studies have been conducted on this issue. Aim of the study:The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of 25 micrograms of vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour in postdated pregnancies and to reduce the rate of Caesarean section in postdated pregnancies Methods:This was a prospective observational study which was conducted in theChowgasaUpazilla Health Complex of Jashore district of Bangladesh during the period from May 2019 to December 2019. In total 150women with uncomplicated postdated pregnancy who were admitted to labour ward of the mentioned health complex were selected as the study.......

Key Word: Induction of labour, Postdated, Misoprostol

[1]. Gibbs RS, Karlan BY, Haney AF, et al. Denforth's obstetrics and gynecology. 10th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2008.
[2]. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al. William's obstetrics and gynecology. 22nd edn. Newyork: McGraw-Hill Professional 2005.
[3]. Mackenzie IZ. Induction of labour at the start of the new millennium. Reproduction 2006;131(6):989-98.
[4]. St. Onge RD, Conners GT. Preinduction cervical ripening: a comparison of intracervical PGE2 gel vs Foleys catheter. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1995;172(2 Pt 1):687-90.
[5]. Bartusevicius A, Barcaite E, Nadisauskiene R. Oral, vaginal and sublingual misoprostol for induction of labor. Int J Gyaenocol Obstet 2005;91(1):2-9..

Abstract:Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common hepatic cancer, with a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. We report the case of a 73-year-old woman, followed for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in 2010, she had a left hepatectomy with lymph node dissection followed by surveillance for one year. The evolution has been marked by a metastatic relapse, and was put under chemotherapy-based gemcitabine with a good response. Currently the patient is under good control.

[1]. Shaib Y, El-Serag HB. The epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2004;24:115-25.
[2]. Olnes MJ, Erlich R. A review and update on cholangiocarcinoma. Oncology 2004;66:167-79.
[3]. Liu R, Cox K, Guthery SL, Book L, Witt B, Chadwick B, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma and high-grade dysplasia in young patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci 2014;59:2320-4.
[4]. Sugawara H, Yasoshima M, Katayanagi K, Kono N, Watanabe Y, Harada K, et al. Relationship between interleukin-6 and proliferation and differentiation in cholangiocarcinoma. Histopathology 1998;33:145-53.
[5]. Park J, Tadlock L, Gores GJ, Patel T. Inhibition of interleukin 6-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation attenuates growth of a cholangiocarcinoma cell line. Hepatology 1999;30:1128-33.

Abstract: Aim: To study the clinical profile of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in rural population Method: A prospective hospital-based study was carried out in 100 VKC patients over a period of 2 years. All patients suffering from VKC irrespective of age and gender were included while patients suffering from ocular infections and ocular trauma were excluded from the study. Ocular complaints, duration of symptoms and previous treatment taken was noted. Family history and history of atopic diseases was noted. The ocular examination for clinical signs was done with help of slit lamp biomicroscope and patients were categorized according to the signs into palpebral.......

Key Word: VKC, signs, symptoms, atopy

[1]. Steven B koevary, ph.d, ocular immunology in health and diseases, chapter 4, ocular allergic response, page.no.93.
[2]. Pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus book, section 6, 2010-2011, chapter 16 infectious and allergic ocular diseases, page.no.197.
[3]. Steward Duke Elder, allergic conjunctivitis. System of ophthalmology vol.8 part 1: 432:493.
[4]. A.M. Zicari, M.Nebbioso, V .Bardanzellu, C Celani, F.Occasi, A.cesoni, M.DuseI, Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: atopy and autoimmunity, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 2013; 17: 1419- 1423.
[5]. Sunil Kumar Department of Ophthalmology, Mohammad Dossary Hospital, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabi, Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a major review, Acta Ophthalmol. 2009: 87: 133–147..

Abstract:Background: Barbero (2015) defined tooth agenesis as the congenital absence of one or more teeth. Dental agenesis is also known as hypodontia. This condition may be caused by genetic factors, local trauma, infections, or drug exposure during the dental development. The aim of this article is to show a case report of an adult patient with class II skeletal malocclusion and dental agenesis. Case report: A 20-year-old male patient with dental crowding, absence of a lower central incisor and class II skeletal malocclusion. The treatment plan was a McNamara expander and fixed 0.022¨alexander appliances. The result was a satisfactory treatment outcome. Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach when treating a patient with dental agenesis is the key to provide the best functional and esthetic results.

Key word: agenesis, hypodontia, permanent dentition, orthodontics

[1]. Barbero JG. Patología y terapéutica dental: Operatoria dental y endodoncia. 2nd ed. Barcelona: Elsevier; 2015. 29 p.
[2]. Al-Abdallah M, Alhadidi A, Hammad M, Al-Ahmad H, Saleh R. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies: A comparison between maxillary and mandibular tooth agenesis. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop [Internet]. 2015;148(5):793–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.05.024
[3]. A. LÁA, E. JE, P. LÁR, B. MLM, P. GV, M. JCG, et al. Agenesia dental. Revisión bibliográfica y reporte de dos casos clínicos. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioquia. 2006;18(1):47–54.
[4]. De Coster PJ, Marks LA, Martens LC, Huysseune A. Dental agenesis: Genetic and clinical perspectives. J Oral Pathol Med. 2009;38(1):1–17.
[5]. Díaz-Pérez R, Echaverry-Navarrete RA. Agenesis in permanent dentition. Rev Salud Publica. 2009;11(6):961–9.

Abstract: The most common sequelae of dental trauma is coronal fracture of maxillary anteriors . In complicated crown fractures, when the fractured tooth segment is available and the fractured segment can be closely approximated to the remaining tooth, root canal treatment of the fragment retained in socket followed by reattachment of the fractured segment with fiber post is a feasible option. It is simple as well as economic procedure and requires less chair-side time. This article includes two case reports showing management of complicated crown fracture with reattachment procedure using fiber post.

Key Words: glass fibre post, aesthetic rehabilitation, PFM crown

[1]. Dietschi D, Jacoby T, Dietschi JM, et al. Treatment of traumatic injuries in the front teeth: restorative aspects in crown fractures. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent 2000;2013:751–8 [2]. Hamilton FA, Hill FJ, Holloway PJ. An investigation of dento-alveolar trauma and its treatment in an adolescent population. Part 1: the prevalence and incidence of injuries and the extent and adequacy of treatment received. Br Dent J 1997;2013:91–5
[3]. Sapna, C. M., Priya, R., Sreedevi, N. B., Rajan, R. R., & Kumar, R. (2014). Reattachment of Fractured Tooth Fragment with Fiber Post: A Case Series with 1-Year Followup. Case Reports in Dentistry, 2014, 1–5.
[4]. N. B. P. S. Kumari, V. Sujana, C. H. R. Sunil, and P. S. Reddy, "Reattachment of complicated tooth fracture: an alternative approach," Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 242–244, 2012.
[5]. Anuj Varshney (2018) fractured fragment reattachment using fibre post,Indian association of conservative dentistry and endodontics,2018.

Abstract: The ankle joint in its entirety depends on bony as well as soft tissue structures restored to their normal anatomical alignment following trauma. The syndesmotic joint at the distal end of tibia and fibula is essential for regaining normal functional out comes especially so when the injury involves syndesmotic joint also. There are parameters to follow while assessing the syndesmotic injury as well as intra operatively when different ankle fractures are treated with internal fixation. Our study is to assess the syndesmotic injury pre and per operatively by following same parameters in both the situations. The variability of acceptable restorations is discussed while stressing on importance of the assessment of syndesmotic joint before a decision is taken whether to involve the syndesmotic joint in the internal fixation or not. We are presenting our study on 65 different type of ankle fractures before and during internal fixation with reference to syndesmotic joint.

Keywords: Syndesmotic joint, tibiofibular overlap, tibio fibular clear space, medial clear space

[1]. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2019 Jan 15;27(2):50-59. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-17-00417.
Management of Isolated Lateral Malleolus Fractures. Aiyer AA , Zachwieja EC, Lawrie CM, Kaplan JRM.
[2]. Foot Ankle Clin. 2017 Mar;22(1):35-63. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2016.09.004. Syndesmosis Stabilisation: Screws Versus Flexible Fixation. Solan MC , Davies MS , Sakellariou A .
[3]. Foot Ankle Surg. 2017 Sep;23(3):135-141. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2016.04.001. Epub 2016 Apr 25.
Acute syndesmotic instability in ankle fractures: A review. van Zuuren WJ , Schepers T , Beumer A , Sierevelt I , van Noort A , van den Bekerom MPJ .
[4]. Foot Ankle Clin. 2017 Mar;22(1):35-63. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2016.09.004.Syndesmosis Stabilisation: Screws Versus Flexible Fixation. Solan MC , Davies MS , Sakellariou A .
[5]. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2007 Nov-Dec;46(6):456-63. Which ankle fractures require syndesmotic stabilization? van den Bekerom MP , Lamme B, Hogervorst M, Bolhuis HW.

Abstract: A foreign body (FB) is any object in a region it is not meant to be, where it can cause harm by its mere presence if immediate medical attention is not sought [1]. It can be found in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) region [1]. FB may be classified as animate (living) and inanimate (nonliving). The inanimate FBs can further be classified as organic or inorganic and hygroscopic (hydrophilic) or nonhygroscopic (hydrophobic) [2]. The presence of FBs in the ENT region is one of the most common causes of otolaryngologic emergencies. FBs can be introduced spontaneously or accidently in both adults and children. Generally, FBs are more common in younger children; this may be due to various factors such as curiosity to explore orifices, imitation, boredom, playing, mental retardation, insanity, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, along with availability of objects and absence of watchful caregivers.......

[1]. Sarkar S, Roychoudhury A, Roychaudhuri BK. Foreign bodies in ENT in a teaching hospital in Eastern India. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010;62(2):118–120.
[2]. Carney AS, Patel N, Clarke R. Foreign bodies in the ear and the aerodigestive tract in children. In: Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 7th ed. London, UK: Edward Arnold; 2008:1184–1193.
[3]. Shrestha I, Shrestha BL, Amatya RCM. Analysis of ear, nose and throat foreign bodies in Dhulikhel hospital. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2012;10(38):4–8.
[4]. Kumar J, Gupta A: Nasopharyngeal foreign body in a young child. Indian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2011. 63(3). 285-286. [5]. Martins RH, Mano JB, da Silva EF. Foreign body in nasopharynx: an accidental radiological finding. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed) 2006;2013:431.

Abstract: Intraventricular meningioma comprises 2% of all intracranial meningioma. Morbidity rates as high as 40% in these cases have a direct correlation with the late presentation after the tumours have attained a substantially large size. This case series reports 4 cases of ventricular meningioma, their surgical approaches without using navigation & monitoring tools and their favourableoutcomes.

Keywords: Intraventricular meningioma, surgical resection

[1]. Baldi I, Engelhardt J, Bonnet C, etal. Epidemiology of Meningioma. Neurochirurgie. 2014.
[2]. Bhatoe HS, Singh P, Dutta V. Intraventricular Meningioma: a clinicopathological study and review of the literature. Neurosurg Focus. 2006; 20(3):E9.
[3]. Nakamura M, Roser F, Bundschuh O, etal. Intraventricular Meningioma: a review of 16 cases with reference to the literature. Surg Neurol. 2003; 59(6):490-503.
[4]. Guidetti B, Delfini R, Gagliardi FM, etal. Meningioma of the lateral ventricles. Clinical, neuroradiologic, and surgical considerations in 19 cases. Surg Neurol.1985; 24(4):364-370
[5]. Lyngdoh BT, Giri GY, Behari, etal. Intraventricular Meningioma: surgical challenge J ClinNeurosci. 2007; 14(5):442-448.

Abstract: Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen and can infect almost all tissues. After multiplication and colonization, P.aeruginosa spreads within cells. Toxins and enzymes produced by P.aeruginosa are key factors that invade host cells and produce disease. P. aeruginosa harbours virulence genes like plcH, plcN, plcB, exoS, exoT, exoU, lasB, pilB, exoS, algD, nanI, pvdA. These virulent genes colonize the host cells and play important role in causation of disease. Phospholipases C involve in pathogenicity. P.aeruginosa produces two types of phospholipases C, haemolytic phospholipase C and non-haemolytic phospholipase C encoded by plcH and plcN genes respectively. Haemolytic phospholipase C is responsible for haemolysin production and show haemolytic activity. Phospholipases C are secreted via a micro machine known as Type -2 secretion system......

Key Words: P.aeruginosa, plcH, Haemolysin, PCR.

[1]. Doring G. Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients. In: Campa M, Bendinelli M, Friedman H (eds) Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen.New York, NY, Plenum Press. 1993: 245-73.
[2]. Jacome PR, Alves LR, Cabral AB, Lopes AC, Maciel MA. Phenotypic and molecula characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 45:707- 12.
[3]. Bergmann U, Scheffer J, Koller M et al. Induction of inflammatory mediators (histamine and leukotrienes) from rat peritoneal mast cells and human granulocytes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from burn patients. Infect Immun 1989: 57: 2187-95
[4]. Aious V, Navon-Veneziz S, Seigman-Igra Y,Camel Y. Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Risk factors and clinical impact.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2006; 50(1):43-8
[5]. Baltimore RS, Christie CD, Smith GJ. Immunohistopathologic localization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in lungs from patients with cystic fibrosis. Implications for the pathogenesis of progressive lung deterioration. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140:1650-61.

Abstract: Background: Preauricular sinus is an epithelial tract, skin lined blind ended sinus formed due to faulty union of hillocks of 1st and 2nd branchial arches during development of pinna. It may get repeatedly infected and presents with painful swelling and purulent discharge. The tract is prone to recurrence if it is not excised completely. Aims and Objectives To compare outcome and efficacy of the pre auricular sinus excision by classical simple sinusectomy and by supra-auricular approach. Materials and Methods: Between June 2018 to September 2019, 46 patients with symptomatic pre auricular sinus underwent surgical excision and followed up for at.....

Key Word: Pre Auricular Sinus. Simple Sinusectomy, Supra Auricular Approach, Recurrence

[1]. Nofsinger YC, Tom LWC, LaRossa D, Wetmore RF, Handler SD. Periauricular cysts and sinuses. Laryngoscope 1997;107(7):883–887
[2]. Tan T, Constantinides H, Mitchell TE. The preauricular sinus: A review of its aetiology, clinical presentation and management. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005; 69(11):1469–1474
[3]. Lam HCW,G, Wormald PJ, Van Hasselt CA. Excision of the pre auricular sinus: a comparison of two surgical techniques. Laryngoscope 2001;111:317-9.
[4]. Yeo SW, Jun BC, Park SN, et al. The preauricular sinus: factors contributing to recurrence after surgery. Am J Otolaryngol 2006; 27(6):396–400
[5]. Chami RG, Apesos J. Treatment of asymptomatic preauricular sinuses: challenging conventional wisdom. Ann Plast Surg 1989; 23(5):406–411.

Abstract:Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease with low survival rate and high mortality. However, it has been noted that changing position of the patients on ventilator has significant impact on respiratory mechanics. Prone positioning is supplementary strategy to enhance gas exchange in patients with ARDS and to lessen the lung damage due to mechanical ventilation. Several researches reported effects of prone positioning in ARDS patients and variable outcomes in different patients. Complex mechanisms are involved behind this changing position and lungs oxygenation. Our study aims to do a review on the demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of prone positioning in ARDS patients as this has not been clearly described in literature.........

Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, prone position, respiratory mechanics, mechanical ventilation, lung volume, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

[1]. Kahairi A, Ahmad RL, Islah Wan L, et al(2008) Management of large mandibular ameloblastoma a case report and literature reviews. Arch OrofacSci .2013:52–5
[2]. Giraddi GB, Bimleshwar, Singh C, et al(2011) Ameloblastoma:series of 7 treated cases and review of literature.Arch Oral Sci Res.2013:152–5
[3]. Brazis PW, Miller NR, Lee AG, Holliday MJ(1995). Neuro-ophthalmologic Aspects of Ameloblastoma. Skull Base Surg.5:233–44.
[4]. Cusack JW(1827). Report of the amputations of the lower jaw. DublHosp Rec.4:1–38.
[5]. Vohra FA, Hussain M, MudassirMS(2009). Ameloblastomas and their management: a review. Pak J Surg. 2013:136–42.
[6]. Varkhede A, Tupkari JV, Mandale MS, et al(2010). Plexiformameloblastoma of mandible case report. J ClinExp Dent 2013:146–8.

Abstract:Background: Acute abdomen constitutes about 5-10% of all emergency department visits. Gastrointestinal perforations account for about 25% of acute abdominal emergencies.Non-traumatic gastrointestinal perforations have received very less attention in the recent medical literature than inflammations, tumors or traumatic lesions of solid abdominal organs. Improved medical and surgical care has reduced the problem in North America and the U.K., where vascular lesions and malignancies are predominant cause of perforations, while in India, peptic ulcer disease, typhoid and tuberculosis are still preceding malignancies. Aim:To evaluate the clinical profile of patients with non traumatic hollow viscus perforation and its management. Objectives:To assess the clinical.......

Key words: Abdomen, Clinicalstudy, Non traumatic hollow viscus perforation

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[3]. VinodKB,MathewAS.Clinicalstudyofabdominalhollowvisceralperforation-nontraumatic.JournalofEvolutionofMedicalandDentalSciences.2014Jul28;3(30):8366-72.
[4]. Kolhar BA, Lamani YP, Goudar BV, Kalburgi EB, Bhavi BK, Karikazi M. Change in trend of hollow viscus perforation: a retrospective study. Medica. 2016 Jul;5(1):32.
[5]. Svanes C, Søreide JA, Skarstein A, Fevang BT, Bakke P, Vollset SE, et al. Smoking and ulcer perforation. Gut. 1997;41(2):177–80.