iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2021

Abstract: A major change and production of materials in dentistry has occurred in recent years. The use of smart materials promises increased durability and long-term efficiency because of their ability to intelligently select and execute specific functions in response to various local environmental changes, thereby significantly enhancing the quality of dental care, because the field of dentistry relies on the use of different materials.

Key Words: Smart materials, Classification of smart materials, Properties, Applications of smart materials in dentistry

[1]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart material.
[2]. Badami V, Ahuja B. Biosmart Materials: Breaking New Ground in Dentistry. The Scientific World Journal. 2014; 2014:1-7.
[3]. Gupta Vertika .Smart materials in dentistry: A review. International Journal of Advance Research and Development . 2018; 3(6):89-96.
[4]. Kamila S. Introduction, classification and applications of smart materials: An overview. Am. J Appl Sci 2013;10:876-80
[5]. Jain P, Kaul R, Saha S, Sarkar S. Smart materials-making pediatric dentistry bio-smart. International Journal of Pedodontic Rehabilitation. 2017;2(2):55..

Abstract: Background: Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a relatively new disease entity, evolving over from last 2 decades. ACLF disease process has multiple definitions, but till now no one is universally accepted. Definition of ACLF by European Association for Study of the Liver (EASL) is widely accepted, which defines ACLF grade 1 as either kidney failure or kidney dysfunction as must criteria. So, validation of fact that patient of ACLF in grade 1 may not necessarily to present with kidney dysfunction/ failure is compared in our study. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, from September 2019 to August 2020, in which 46 patients of ACLF were included in study as per definition by "The Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver" (APASL). All patients included in study were assessed for kidney functioning for conclusion of kidney failure or dysfunction associated with ACLF.

Keywords- ACLF, kidney dysfunctioning, kidney failure, EASL ACLF grade

[1]. Jalan R, Yurdaydin C, Bajaj JS, et al. Toward an improved definition of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Gastroenterology 2014;147:4–10
[2]. Sujay Kulkarni, Mithun Sharma, Padaki N. Rao, Rajesh Gupta, and N. Reddy, Acute on Chronic Liver Failure—In-Hospital Predictors of Mortality in ICU J Clin Exp Hepatol.2018 Jun; 8(2):144–155.Pub 10.1016/j.jceh.
[3]. Escorsell Mañosa À, Mas Ordeig A. [Acute on chronic liver failure]. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;33:126–34. doi:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2009.10.003
[4]. Moreau R, Jalan R, Gines P, Pavesi M, Angeli P, Cordoba J, Durand F, Gustot T, Saliba F, Domenicali M, Gerbes A, Wendon J, Alessandria C, Laleman W, Zeuzem S, Trebicka J, Bernardi M, Arroyo V; CANONIC Study Investigators of the EASL-CLIF Consortium. Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2013;144:1426–1437. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.02.042
[5]. Sarin SK, Kedarisetty CK, Abbas Z, Amarapurkar D, Bihari C, Chan AC, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) 2014. Hepatol Int [Internet]. 2014 Oct 26 [cited 2018 Jan 30];8(4):453–71

Abstract: AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) and International Ovarian Tumour Analysis (IOTA) Simple Rules to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian tumours. Materials And Method: This study was carried out in Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai from August 2017 – December 2019. RMI was calculated using the formula U(ultrasound scan score) x M(menopausal status) x CA 125. Ultrasound examination was done for all patients and the masses were classified as benign and malignant based on the IOTA simple rules. The patients.......

Keywords- Ovarian mass, IOTA, RMI, Ultrasound, CA125

[1]. Jayson G.C Ovarian cancer. Lancet. 2014; 384: 1376-1388
[2]. Earle CC, Schrag D, Neville BA, Yabroff KR, Topor M, Fahey A, Trimble EL, Bodurka DC, Bristow RE, Carney M, Warren JL. Effect of surgeon specialty on process of care and outcomes for ovarian cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98:172–180.
[3]. Jacobs I, Oram D, Fairbanks J, Turner J, Frost C, Grudzinskas JG. A risk of malignancy index incorporating CA 125, ultrasound and menopausal status for the accurate preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990;97(10:922–929.
[4]. Timmerman D, Testa AC, Bourne T, Ferrazzi E, Ameye L, Konstantinovic ML, Van Calster B, Collins WP, Vergote I, Van Huffel S, Valentin L. Logistic regression model to distinguish between the benign and malignant adnexal mass before surgery: a multicenter study by the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis Group. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:8794–8801.
[5]. Timmerman D, Testa AC, Bourne T, Ameye L, Jurkovic D, Van Holsbeke C, Paladini D, Van Calster B, Vergote I, Van Huffel S, Valentin L. Simple ultrasound-based rules for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008;31 (6:681–690

Abstract: Introduction: Inhalation therapy is an important and most common mode of drugs used through Inhalers in the management of Asthma and Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease (COPD). Effective dose of inhalation drugs can only be administered with the correct inhaler specific technique. Improper use of inhalers by patients results in poor clinical outcome. Objective. This study was to assess inhaler technique among patients of Asthma and COPD Subject and method. This cross section observational study was done among 150 adult patients with Asthma and COPD who attended Family Medicine Clinic, Hatta hospital. Technique was directly observed by Family physician through standard steps checklist. Data on demographics, type of inhaler used and correct steps findings were recorded.......

Keywords- Asthma, Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Dry powder Inhaler (DPI) Inhaler technique and Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)

[1]. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1211–59.
[2]. Global Health Estimates 2016: Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and by Region, 2000-2016. Geneva, World Health Organization; 2018.
[3]. Global Health Estimates 2016: Disease burden by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and by Region, 2000-2016. Geneva, World Health Organization; 2018.
[4]. World Health Organization, "Top 10 Causes of Death‟ 2016 http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death]
[5]. Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease: pocket guide to COPD diagnosis, management and prevention [http://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/wms-GOLD-2017-Pocket-Guide.pdf] Accessed: 26 May 2017.

Abstract: Background: With the growing incidence and prevalence of breast cancer, it's impact on mental health has also gained importance. The diagnosis as well as the type of treatment of breast cancer affects the quality of life of the patient and this has exposed the unmet psychological needs and their relevant psychiatric interventions. Objectives: The study was carried out to find out the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity (anxiety and depression) among the female breast cancer patients who were admitted in either Surgery or Radiotherapy units of a tertiary care hospital. Material & Methods: A total sample of 50 females who were suffering from breast cancer and were on palliative treatment at Government Medical College, Amritsar was taken. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, an informed consent was taken from females aged between 18-60 years. The patients were evaluated by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).......

Keywords- Psychiatric Co-morbidity, Depressive disorder, Generalised Anxiety Disorder.

[1]. Gesellschaft der epidemiologischen Krebsregister in Deutschland e.V. und das Robert Koch Institut. Krebs in Deutschland. 5. überarbeitete, aktualisierte Ausgabe. Saarbrücken, 2006.
[2]. Kamangar F, Dores GM, Anderson WF. Patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence across five continents: defining priorities to reduce cancer disparities in different geographic regions of the world. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2137–50.
[3]. Brenner H. Long-term survival rates of cancer patients achieved by the end of the 20th century: a period analysis. Lancet 2002;360: 1131–5.
[4]. Hewitt M, Herdman R, Holland J. Meeting psychosocial needs of women with breast cancer. Washington (DC): The National Academies Press; National Cancer Policy Board, 2004.
[5]. Knobf MT. Psychosocial responses in breast cancer survivors. Semin Oncol Nurs 2007;23:71–83.

Abstract: Background: Patients who undergo odontectomy surgery will generally feel pain, trismus, and edema. Some of the cases will lead to complications such as dry socket, nerve injury, and delayed healing. In odontectomy procedure, suturing the socket is needed to maintain the flap, to cover the tissue underneath from irritating factors. Therefore, the right technique is needed to minimize the complications. Materials and Methods: This research is a non-laboratory experimental study with post-test only design. Wound healing scores were obtained on the first and seventh day post odontectomy by observing inflammation signs clinically. The number of patients studied was 39 people consists of 13 people used horizontal mattress technique, 13 people used figure of eight technique, and 13 people used simple interrupted technique........

Keywords- Horizontal mattress; Figure of eight; Simple interrupted; Odontectomy; Wound healing.

[1]. Pokharel PK. Assessment of prevalence and pattern of impacted third molar among Kathmandu population: A retrospective analysis. Int J Contemp Med Res 2016; 2(6): 1658.
[2]. Ness GM. Impacted teeth. In: Miloro M, Ghali GE, Larsen P, Waite P, eds. Peterson's principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery. China: People's Medical Publishing House, 2011: 97.
[3]. Hupp JR. Principles of management of impacted teeth. In: Hupp JR, Ellis E, Tucker MR, eds. Contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery. China: Elsevier, 2014: 143.
[4]. Hashemipour MA, Arashlow MT, Hanzaei FF. Incidence of impacted mandibular and maxillary third molars: A radiographic study in a Southeast Iran population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18(1): e143.
[5]. Judzbalys G, Daugela P. Mandibular third molar impaction: Review of literature and a proposal of a classification. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2013; 4(2): 2.

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatment and resin cements on the retention of monolithic zirconia crowns. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontic cause from the outpatient dental clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt, were used in this study. Teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the surface treatment and cement used (n=10) into: Group AHP :( Airborne particles abrasion and hot acids + Panavia SA cement plus), Group AHL :( Airborne particles abrasion and hot acid + G-CEM Link Force Cement), Group AP: (Airborne particles abrasion + Panavia SA cement) and Group AL: (Airborne particles abrasion+ G-CEM Link Force cement)........

Keywords- Retention; Surface treatment; Resin cement, Zirconia crowns.

[1]. Zarone F, Russo S, Sorrentino R. From porcelain-fused-to-metal to zirconia: Clinical and experimental considerations. Dent Mater. 2011, 27, 83–96.
[2]. Gracis S, Thompson V, Ferencz J, Silva N, Bonfante E. A new classification system for all-ceramic and ceramic-like restorative materials. Int J Prosthodont. 2015; 28: 227–235.
[3]. Gargari M, Gloria F, Napoli E, Pujia A. Zirconia: cementation of prosthetic restoration literature review. Oral Implantol. 2010; 3: 25-29.
[4]. Blatz M, Phark J, Ozer F, Mante F, Saleh N, Bergler M, et al. In vitro comparative bond strength of contemporary self-adhesive resin cements to zirconium oxide ceramic with and without air-particle abrasion. Clin Oral Investig. 2010; 14 : 187-192.
[5]. Obradovic-Duricic K, Medic V, Dodic S, Gavrilov D, Antonijevic D, Zrilic M. Dilemmas in zirconia bonding: A review. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2013; 141: 395–401

Abstract: Background: Small intestine accounts for majority of GIT and is affected by various diseases ranging from developmental abnormalities, infectious diseases to malignancies. The intestines are also the principal site where the immune system interfaces with a diverse spectrum of antigens present in food and gut mⅠicrobes and hence a site for wide range of inflammatory response. This study was carried out to study the occurrence and evaluate histopathology of small intestinal lesions and ileocaecal region lesions . Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of small intestinal and ileocaecal region lesions,with specific emphasis on types of lesions in duodenum ,jejunum and ileum separately and in detail was carried out on 145 surgical specimens and biopsy received from Department.......

Keywords- Small intestine ,Duodenum, Ileum, Jejunum, Tuberculosis, ,Carcinoma.

[1]. Turner JR. The Gastrointestinal Tract. Chapter 17 In: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease; 9th ed. Elsevier: Illinois, 2014; 777-819.
[2]. Fenoglio-Preiser CM, Noffsinger AE, Stemmermann GN, Lantz PE, Isaacson PG. In: Gastrointestinal Pathology, 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: Philadelphia, 2008; 275-1036.
[3]. Cuvelier C, Demetter P, Mielants H, Veys EM, De Vos M. Interpretation of ileal biopsies: morphological features in normal and diseased mucosa. Histopathology. 2001; 38(1):1-12.
[4]. Dawson JMP. In: The small intestine. Morson B.C. 4rd ed. Churchill Livingstone, 2003; 237- 401.
[5]. Curado MP, Edwards B, Shin HR, Storm H, Ferlay J, Heanue M, Boyle P. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IX. Lyon: IARC, IARC Scientific Publication, No.160, 2007.

Abstract: Aim of the study The aim of the study is to find the incidence of abnormal pap smears in an urban population in Perundurai in Erode in India and correlation with clinical features. Method of the study All women who attend the gynaecology outpatient department of Government Erode Medical College , Perundurai in the age group of 20-65 years and sexually active were included in the study. Proper history,clinical examination,per speculum examination and vaginal examination were done. Pap smear was taken by conventional method and sent to the pathology department for pap smear study based on Bethesda classification. Women with visible carcinoma cervix were excluded from the study. Results.......

Keywords- Cervical screening, pap smear, Cancer cervix , Bethesda classification

[1]. Cancer Statistics 2020 Report from National Cancer Registry programme, India.
[2]. Prashant Mathur, Krishnam Sathishkumar, Mersha Saturvedi,Priyanka Das on behalf of ICMR – NCDIR NCRP Investigator group, National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bengaluru, India.
[3]. A study on cervical cancer screening using pap smear test and clinical correlation .
[4]. Pushpa lata Sachan, Meenakshi Singh and Rekha Sachan.
[5]. Asia – Pacific Journal of oncology nursing.

Abstract: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP)1,2 is a rare disease affecting the lung. It is a diffuse lung disease characterized by the accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive lipoproteinaceous material in the distal air spaces. Rosen, Castleman and Liebow 3 first described PAP. Normally surfactant present in lungs helps to reduce alveolar surface tension and thereby preventing alveolar collapse. Surfactant catabolism 4 occurs in alveolar macrophages and the process requires GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor). Disruption in the level of GM-CSF leads to accumulation of lipoproteinaceous material. The accumulated substance causes interference to normal gas exchange as well as lung expansion and may results in respiratory failure.. Patients usually presents with progressive dyspnoea on exertion without much findings on examination.
Here we are reporting a case of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in 28 year old male patient.

[1]. Huaringa AJ, Francis WH. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a case report and world literature review. Respirol Case Rep. 2016 Nov 13; 4(6):e00201.
[2]. Khan A, Agarwal R. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Respir Care. 2011 Jul; 56(7):1016-28.
[3]. Rosen SH, Castleman B, Liebow AA. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. N Engl J Med. 1958 Jun 5; 258(23):1123-42.
[4]. Whitsett JA,Wert SE,Weaver TE.Alveolar surfactant homeostasis and the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease.2010; 61:105–119.
[5]. Ernst G, Salvado A, Grynblat P, Tabaj G, Garcia O, Cambursano VH, et al. [Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: role of GM-CSF Antibodies]. Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba. 2017; 74(1):46-50.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(1) is the commonest laparoscopic procedure performed all over the world. It is considered as the gold standard for treatment of symptomatic gallbladder stones. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of open cholecystectomy from the start without laparoscopic trial in patients where conversion from laparoscopic approach was done in difficult cases. Factors determining the conversion were adhesions and unclear anatomy of calots which can be diagnosed only laparoscopically. But in patients with previous history of upper abdominal operations, age>60 years, diabetic patients, gangrene gallbladder, empyema gallbladder, emphysematous gallbladder, etc., considering of open cholecystectomy is safer than conversion of laparoscopic approach........

Keywords- Gallbladder stone, open cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, cholecystitis.

[1]. Bittner R. Laparoscopic surgery: 15 years after clinical introduction. World J Surg. 2006;30:1190–203. 10.1007/s00268-005-0644-2 [2]. Ros A, Gustafsson L, Krook H, Nordgren CE, Thorell A, Wallin G, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus mini-laparotomy cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized, single blinded study. Ann Surg. 2001;234:741–9. 10.1097/00000658-200112000-00005 [3]. Nathanson LK, Shimi S, Cushchieri A. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the Dundee technique. Br J Surg. 1991;78:155. 10.1002/bjs.1800780208 [4]. Simopoulos C, Botaitis S, Polychronidis A, Tripsianis G, Karayiannakis AJ. Risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2005;19:905–9. 10.1007/s00464-004-2197-0 [5]. Ercan M, Bostanci EB, Ulas M, Ozer I, Ozogul Y, Seven C, et al. Effects of previous abdominal surgery incision type on complications and conversion rate in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2009;19:373–8. 10.1097/SLE.0b013e3181b92935

Abstract: Background: Fractures involving distal Tibia and Fibula are prone for soft tissue complications, malunion and post traumatic arthritis of ankle and subtalar joints. Most of these fractures require surgical stabilization after indirect reduction techniques. The two commonly employed techniques to aid reduction are poller screws and plating of the distal fibula fracture. These two methods are compared for functional and radiological outcomes. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, Tibial Interlocking Nailing with two indirect reduction methods, namely, poller screws and supplementary fibular plating were employed in twenty cases each. Patients were followed up with clinical.......

Keywords- Distal tibia Diaphyseal fractures, interlocking nailing, poller screws, fibular plating, malalignment prevention

[1]. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 11th edition.
[2]. Rockwood and Green's Fratures in Adults, 8th edition.
[3]. Shahul Hameed et al ;Technique for precise placement of poller screws with intramedullary nailing of metaphyseal fractures of the femur and the tibia - Injury 2011 Feb;42(2):136-9.
[4]. L.Dodd et al : Poller Blocking Screws and Intramedullary Nailing in Tibial Malunion - Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2007 Nov; 89(8): 816–818
[5]. Mugundan et al: Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Fractures: Does Blocking Screw Extend the Indication of Intramedullary Nailing? ISRN Orthop. 2014; 2014: 542623

Abstract: Aims & Objectives: To find out the incidence of Cutaneous Adverse drug reactions in outdoor and indoor patients and observe different clinical patterns of cutaneous eruptions and identify the offending drug. Materials and Methods: This is an observational study done over a period of 1 year (Jan. to Dec.2020) in department of Dermatology, RIMS Ranchi with sample size of total 183 patients (96 females, 87 males). The diagnosis of the ADRs was done by establishing the drug use with the help of history and improvement of mucocutaneous lesions after stoppage of offending drugs and reappearance of reactions after reexposure. Results: In this study out of total 183 cases, patients presented with Contact dermatitis (97, 53%), Exfoliative dermatitis (19, 10.38%), Fixed drug eruptions (17, 9.28%), SJS-TEN (9, 4.92%), Erythema multiforme (9, 4.92%), Maculopapular rash (8, 4.37%),.....

Keywords- Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions, Contact Dermatitis, Exfoliative Dermatitis, SJS-TEN, Antimicrobials, NSAIDS, Topical Steroids.

[1]. Uppal R, Jhaj R, Malhotra. Study: adverse drug reactions among inpatients in a north Indian referral hospital. Med J India.2000;13(1):16-8.
[2]. Breathnach SM, Hinter H. Adverse drug reaction and the skin. London: Blackwell; 1992.p.5-13.
[3]. Ankita Agrawal, Smita Ghate, Abhishek Kumar, Ruchita Dhurat. Clinical spectrum of cutaneous adverse drug reactions. 2018. 10.4103/ijdd.ijdd_14_18.
[4]. WHO Drug Safety 18(3): 153-59
[5]. Mukeshkumar B. Vora, Hiren R. Trivedi, Bharatbhai K. Shah, C.B. Tripathi. Adverse drug reactions in inpatient of Internal Medicine wards at a tertiary care hospital: A prospective cohort study. J. Pharmacol: Jan- March 2011; 2(1).