iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2021

Abstract: Pilonidal sinus is most commonly seen in the sacrococcygeal region. It can also affect many other areas of the body. In the sacrococcygeal region, the commonest site is the natal cleft located probably 4-5 cm above the anal verge. Extranatal sites affected by the pilonidal sinus disease are the fingers , ear, axilla, umbilicus, perineum, suprapubic area, amputation stump & chest wall.

[1]. Saber A (2010) Ancient Egyptian Surgical Heritage.J Invest Surg 23(6):327–334
[2]. Carpenter S, Rigaud M, Barile M, Priest TJ, Perez L,Ferguson JB (1998) An interlinear transliteration and english translation of portions of the Ebers papyrus.Bard College, Annandale- on-Hudson
[3]. Ghalioungui P (1987) The Ebers papyrus: a new English translation, commentaries, and glossaries. Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo
[4]. Nunn JF (2002) Ancient Egyptian medicine. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman
[5]. Vaidya Y, Acharaya T (eds) (2003) 10th Chapter. Sushruta Samhita With Nibhndha Sangraha Tika of Dhalana. Chaukambha Surbharati Prakashan, Varnasi,Nidanasthana, India, p 307–408.

Abstract: Anal fistula is common and debilitating perineal condition. Usually characterized by severe pain and discharge. They arise following infection near the anal canal, or as a primary event from an abscess1. It is an abnormal connection between two epithelialized surfaces, and is lined with granulation tissue. Perineal fistula is between the intestine and the perineal skin. Fistula-in-ano is one of the commonly encountered surgical problems with prevalence of 1.2 to 2.8/10,000. In approximately 80% of cases, anal fistulae are secondary to abscesses arising from infected anal glands (cryptogenic)2. Infection in the anal gland between the internal and external sphincters, which in turn can spread to other parts of the perianal region. Infection can then track in many directions from this focus in the intersphincteric plane3. When the track reaches the skin or another epithelialized surface then a fistula is formed. Anal fistula were classified on the basis of its relationship to the sphincters. The definition.....

[1]. Schouten WR, van Vroonhoven TJ: Primary partial internal sphincterectomy in the treatment of anorectal abscess. Neth J Surg. 2013;39:43-45.
[2]. Ritchie RD, Sackier JM, Hodde JP. Incontinence rates after cutting seton treatment for anal fistula. Colorectal Dis. 2009;11:564-571.
[3]. Cox SW, Senagore AJ, Luchtefeld MA. Outcome after incision and drainage with fistulotomy for ischiorectal abscess. Am Surg. 1997;63:686-689
[4]. Enck P, Bielefeldt K, Rathmann W, Epidemiology of faecal incontinence in selected patient groups. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1999;6:143-146.
[5]. Parks AG, Stitz RW. The treatment of high fistula-in ano. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;19: 487-499.

Abstract: Background: Acute febrile illness (AFI) is one of the common medical issue in developing countries including India. The common causes of AFI are enteric fever, malaria, UTI etc. Among the uncommon ones that may be cause of AFI is scrub typhus especially in hilly areas. Untimely diagnosis & treatment may cause significant mortality & morbidity. Aim & Objectives : 1) To determine the occurrence of scrub typhus in a tertiary health care hospital in Uttarakhand. 2) To evaluate the efficacy of diagnostic modalities for scrub typhus. Material & Methods: The retrospective data, of over a period of 12 months was collected, of patients presenting with AFI. All the clinically diagnosed cases of AFI, were initially subjected to routine investigations for PUO ( pyrexia of unknown origin......

Keywords: Orientia tsutsugamushi, acute febrile illness, scrub typhus, Weil Felix, ICT, ELISA

[1]. 1. Seyed-Mohammad Alavi, Mohammad Nadimi, and Gholam Abbas Zamani, Changing pattern of infectious etiology of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in adult patients in Ahvaz, Iran Intern Med.2013 Summer; 4(3): 722 726.
[2]. 2. Schneidewind A, Ehrenstein B, Salzberger B. Infections as causes of fever of unknown origin. Internist (Berl) 2009;50:659-67.
[3]. R Bithu, V Kanodia, RK Maheshwari Possibility of scrub typhus in fever of unknown origin (FUO) cases: An experience from Rajasthan Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology,2014; 32( 4 ) 387-390
[4]. Rathi N, Rathi A. Rickettsial infections: Indian perspective. Indian Paediatric journal 2010;47:157-64.
[5]. Mahajan SK, Rolain JM, Kashyap R,Bakshi D, Sharma V, Prasher BS, et al. Scrub typhus in Himalayas. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12:1590-2.
[6]. Sundhindra BK, Vijaykumar S, Kutti AK, Tholpadi SR, Rajan AS, Mathai E, et al. Rickettsial spotted fever in Kerala. Natl Med J India 2004;17:51-2.

Abstract: Introduction: Acute cholecystitis patients present quite often in the surgery department of tertiary level hospitals. The symptoms are mostly due to acute inflammation of gallbladder, mainly because of gall bladder stones. The usual symptoms are upper abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, tenderness (at epigastric and right upper abdomen), and fever. Acute cholecystitis has been treated by cholecystectomy. The method of cholecystectomy has evolved in the last few centuries from Open to Lap chole and from delayed (elective) to early cholecystectomy. The first successful open cholecystectomy was performed by a German surgeon Carl Langen buch in 1882.1 Cholecystectomy in acute stage of the disease was performed by an English surgeon Walton in 1923. The introduction........

Keywords- Acute cholecystitis, DC, gallbladder

[1]. Reynolds JW. The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Soc Laparoendosc Surg. 2001;5(1):89.
[2]. Johansson M, Thune A, Blomqvist A, Nelvin L, Lundell L. Management of acute cholecystitis in the laparoscopic era: results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Gastrointest Surg. 2003;7(5):642-5.
[3]. Papi C, Catarci M, D'ambrosio L. Timing of cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99(1):147-55.
[4]. Strasberg SM. Acute calculous cholecystitis. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(26):2804-11.
[5]. Gurusamy KS, Junnarkar S, Farouk M, Davidson BR. Cholecystectomy for suspected gallbladder dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(1):CD007086.

Abstract: Introduction: The COVID 19 pandemic has seen a surge in online classes instead of person to person classes and clinical postings among the Medical colleges in our country. Methodology: Responses from 1002 third year medical students were collected maintaining confidentiality via Google poll, from June 2020 to August 2020 and the data was statistically analyzed. Results and Conclusion: Students are fairly satisfied with the quality of class delivered to them, but they are concerned that the online classes are not sufficient to cover up for the clinical and bedside learning lost due to the lockdown. About 10% of students have accessibility problems. Funding: No external funding was received for this project. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest..

Keywords- Online classes, e-learning, Medical education, COVID 19 lockdown

[1]. Ellaway R, Masters K. AMEE guide 32: e-learning in medical education part 1: learning, teaching and assessment. Medical Teacher. 2008;30(5):455–73.
[2]. Chin et al.; The evaluation of e-learning resources as an adjunct to otolaryngology teaching: a pilot study; BMC Medical Education (2019) 19:181.
[3]. Rajapakse S, Fernando D, Rubasinghe N, Gurusinghe S. E-learning in medical education: guide supplement 32.6–practical application. Medical Teacher. 2009;31(5):452–3.
[4]. Harden RM. E-learning–caged bird or soaring eagle? Medical Teacher. 2008; 30(1):1–4.
[5]. Khogali S, Davies D, Donnan P, Gray A, Harden R, McDonald J, Pippard M, Pringle S, Yu N. Integration of elearning resources into a medical school curriculum. Medical Teacher. 2011;33(4):311–8.

Abstract: A 56 years old female with past history of sebaceous gland carcinoma of right lower lid post status surgery and chemotherapy presented with complaints of a painless mass in her right eye for 3 months, gradually progressive in size. After wide local excision by the "no – touch" technique histopathological examination of a mass on the superior conjunctiva showed tumour tissue arranged in small nests, ,infiltrating pageliotis and lobules with centre showing comedo necrosis suggestive of sebaceous gland tumor. Conjunctival sebaceous gland carcinoma is a rare ocular malignancy treated with excision, radiotherapy. Frequent follow up to monitor recurrence is crucial.

Keywords- Sebaceous gland tumour, sebaceous gland tumour of conjunctiva, metastasis Key Messages : Sebaceous gland carcinoma of conjunctiva is a rare entity which if undiagnosed proved to have masquerading feature and hence early detection and excision of the tumour is of utmost necessity to preserve the vision and prevent further progression

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[2]. Upender K. Wali, Abdullah Al-MujainiOman J Ophthalmol. 2010 Sep-Dec; 3(3): 117–121
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[5]. Shields JA, Demirci H, Marr BP, Eagle RC, Jr, Shields CL. Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelids: Personal experience with 60 cases. Ophthalmology. 2004; 111:2151–7..

Abstract: Aim :- To study correlation of lipid indices in obese individuals with and without diabetes mellitus disease Background :- In view of changing lifestyle and urbanization the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity are increasing and seem to go hand in hand. Both disorders have similar sequalae viz. Hypertension, Cardiovascular disease, Stroke and other vascular diseases. Instead monitoring lipid profile directly to assess risk of atheroscerosis , the present trend was to estimate lipid indices / atherogenic indices as these ratios are altered inspite of normal range of different Lipoproteins . Material and Methods:- The study was done in GGH,Guntur from August 2019 to February 2020 . 100 obese male and female subjects in the age group of 20 -65 yrs were selected for the present study , both diabetic and nondiabetic (50 each). Similarly 50.......

Keywords- Obesity, Lipid indices , atherogenesis

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[5]. Bhardwaj S, Bhattacharjee J, Bhatnagar MK, Tyagi S. Atherogenic index of plasma, Castelli risk index and atherogenic coefficient–New parameters in assessing cardiovascular risk. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2013;3(3):359-64.

Abstract: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India. The estimated adjusted prevalence rate of stroke range,from 84 to 262/100,000 in rural and 334-424/ 100,000 in urban areas. The incidence rate is 119-145/100,000 based on the recent population based studies .Stroke has a heterogeneous etiology, caused by modifiable and un-modifiable risk factors. It is becoming an important cause of premature death and disability in low-income and middle-income countries like India, largely driven by demographic changes and enhanced by the increasing prevalence of the key modifiable risk factors Ever since its discovery vitamin D has been associated with mineral homeostasis and musculoskeletal health through its actions on intestine,bone.......

[1]. Wang Y1, Ji H, Tong Y, Zhang ZB. Prognostic value of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with stroke. Neurochem Res 2014 ; 39(7):1332-37
[2]. Pilz S1, Dobnig H, Fischer JE, et al. Low vitamin d levels predict stroke in patients referred to coronary angiography. Stroke 2008; 39(9):2611-13.
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[4]. Kojima G1, Bell C, Abbott RD, et al. Low dietary vitamin D predicts 34-year incident stroke: the Honolulu Heart Program. Stroke 2012 ;43(8):2163-67.
[5]. Bertone-Johnson ER, Chen WY, Holick MF, Hollis BW, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Hankinson SE. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev2005; 14(8): 1991-1997

Abstract: Male breast carcinoma occurs very rarely in comparison to female breast carcinoma and accounts for <1% of all breast cancer patients with peak incidence at 71 yrs of age. Predisposing factors include genetic predisposition, alterations to estrogen-testosterone ratio, radiation exposure and occupational hazard. Fine needle aspiration will usually confirm the diagnosis. Treatment includes modified radical mastectomy or mastectomy with sentinel node biopsy..

Keywords- Male Breast Carcinoma, Fine needle aspiration cytology, modified radical mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, axillary lymph nodes

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Abstract: Although the delayed exfoliation of primary teeth among children is a common dental problem, but majority of the issue is associated with agenesis of permanent tooth or other finding like supernumerary teeth, odontoma, cyst, impaction of successor teeth. Not only the local condition so many systemic disease and broad spectrum of syndrome could be associated in such condition, and in very rare cases the cause of retention is not at all appreciable or may be idiopathic. Such problem may cause dental disorders, so providing a meticulous history and careful clinical examination could prevent this condition. Physician consultation to exclude any endocrinal abnormality is also helpful. The clinical implications of genetically controlled patterns of dental abnormalities are very important in the early........

Keywords- Idiopathic over retention of primary teeth, persistent primary teeth, delayed eruption of Permanent teeth.

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Abstract: Various oral manifestations have been reported in patients with COVID-19. However, there is still a question about whether these lesions are due to coronavirus infection or secondary manifestations resulting from the patient's systemic condition. Oral conditions in a patient diagnosed with COVID-19.COVID-19 has emerged as a challenge to the clinicians worldwide. Since the outbreak in December 2019, COVID-19 has affected &gt; 08,00,00,000 world wide till December 2020. The most common symptoms are fever and dry cough and in few cases shortness of breath, dysosmia, and dysgeusia. Present understanding among researchers shows that coronavirus invades human cells via....

Keywords- COVID-19, Sars-CoV2, Oral Manifestation, Osteomyelitis, Osteonecrosis

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