iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2021

Abstract: Prematurity often results in significant short and long term morbidity and mortality related to birth asphyxia, sepsis, intraventricular haemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome, PDA, jaundice, retinopathy of prematurity, cerebral palsy, neurodevelopment and pulmonary disorders. Therefore, Preterm labour before 34 weeks of gestation needs to be arrested for at least 48 hours with the tocolytic agents so that fetal pulmonary maturity is attained by using betamethasone. Tocolytic agents are intended to arrest uterine contractions during an episode of PTL or maintain uterine quiescence after an acute episode. The use of tocolytics in management of patients with PTL will reduce both neonatal morbidity, mortality and also the cost of....

[1]. Rayamajhi R, pratap K. A Comparative study between nifedipine and isoxsuprine inthe suppression of preterm labor, Kathamandu University Medical Journal (2003) voll (2), 85-90.
[2]. Singh Nisha, Singh Uma, Seth shikha. Comparative study of nifedipine and isoxsuprine as tocolytics for preterm. The Journal of obstetrics and Gynecology of India (September October 2011) 61 (5): 512 -515.
[3]. Kashanian M, A R Akbarian, M Soltanzadeh, Atosiban and Nifedipine for treatment of preterm labour. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (2005), 91, 10-14.
[4]. Dhawle A, Kalra J, Bagga R, Aggarwal N. Nifedipine versus nitroglycerin for acute tocolysis in preterm labor: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2013;2(1):61-6.
[5]. Gasper R, Toth JH. Calcium Channel Blockers as Tocolytics: Principles of their actions, adverse effects and therapeutic combinations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2013;6(6):689-99..

Abstract: Background: NHM is one of the leading programs of the government to leverage public health and provision of well-being facilities to the people. The awareness of the program is very essential for the public to utilize the services under the mission. The government has taken steps to make awareness to the people through different means and is very essential to study the extent of awareness and its utilization. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the State Referral Hospital (SRH), a unit of Zoram Medical College. SRH is a 300 bedded hospital. The researcher received 180 duly filled-in questionnaires out of the 300 bedded patients in SRH that constitute 60%. A structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data from the in-patients of the SRH during January and February 2020 from different departments. The collected literature and data were arranged, tabulated, and.......

Keywords- National Health Mission, Preventive Health Programs, Zoram Medical College, National Rural Health Mission, National Urban Health Mission, Awareness.

[1]. Article 47 Constitution of India. Indianconstitution.in. (2021). Retrieved 13 January 2021, from https://www.indianconstitution.in/2016/05/article-47-constitution-of-india.html.
[2]. Kreps, G. L. (2005). Disseminating relevant health information to underserved audiences: Implications of the Digital Divide Pilot Projects. J Med Libr Assoc, 93(4), 68-73.
[3]. THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development. Sdgs.un.org. (2021). Retrieved 13 January 2021, from https://sdgs.un.org/goals.
[4]. NATIONAL URBAN HEALTH MISSION. Upnrhm.gov.in. (2021). Retrieved 13 January 2021, from http://upnrhm.gov.in/NUHM/aboutus.
[5]. Mission Objectives | NHM. Nrhmhp.gov.in. (2021). Retrieved 13 January 2021, from http://www.nrhmhp.gov.in/content/mission-objectives.

Abstract: Background: Predicting outcome in GI surgery can be important for several reasons. It is an indicator of quality that can help patients and surgeons in decision-making should the patient be advised to undergo surgery, it can aid in the selection of procedures and suggest the ranges of postoperative morbidity and mortality for these procedures. A risk-scoring system can be utilized for patient counseling and informed consent discussions, for identifying high-risk patients who would benefit from disease optimization, and for risk adjustment when comparing outcomes between institutions. Possum &P Possum are accepted methods of risk scoring. P Possum has predicted morbidity and mortality accurately in various settings and indirectly assesses the quality of health care provided.....

Key Word: Possum score, operative outcome

[1]. Mohamed K, Copeland GP, Boot DA, Casserley HC, Shackleford IM, Sherry PG, et al. An assessment of the POSSUM system in orthopaedic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002;84(5):735-9.
[2]. Griffiths H, Cuddihy P, Davis S, Parikh S, Tomkinson A. Risk-adjusted comparative audit. Is Possum applicable to head and neck surgery? Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2002;27(6):517-20.
[3]. Brunelli A, Fianchini A, Xiume F, Gesuita R, Mattei A, Carle F. Evaluation of the POSSUM scoring system in lung surgery. Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;46(3):141-6.
[4]. Wijesinghe LD, Mahmood T, Scott DJ, Berridge DC, Kent PJ, Kester RC. Comparison of POSSUM and the Portsmouth predictor equation for predicting death following vascular surgery. Br J Surg 1998;85(2):209-12.
[5]. Neary WD, Heather BP, Earnshaw JJ. The Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM). Br J Surg 2003;90(2):157-65.

Abstract: Background: Twin pregnancy is a high-risk pregnancy with increased incidence in the past few years. They are associated with much higher rates of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality as compared to singleton pregnancies. Material and methods: This was a prospective case control study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BNMCC, Government Medical College, Amritsar from February 2019 to August 2020. 100 cases of twin pregnancies (cases) and 100 singleton pregnancies (controls) delivered at our hospital were recruited in the study. After history taking, patients......

Keywords: Twin, preterm, low birth weight, BNMCC (Bebe Nanki Mother and Childcare Center), DCDA (Dichorionic diamniotic), PROM (Premature rupture of membranes), PPH (Post-partum haemorrhage), LSCS (Lower segment caesarean section)

[1]. Gulrukh Qazi. Obstetric and Perinatal Outcome of Multiple Pregnancy. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2011; 21 (3): 142-45.
[2]. Multifetal gestation. In: Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Haulh JC, Gilstrap LC, Wenstrom KD, editors. Williams Textbook of Obstetrics, 22nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 20. pp. 911-48.
[3]. Singh L, Trivedi K. Study of maternal and fetal outcome in twin pregnancy. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2017 Jun;6(6):2272-78.
[4]. Bangal VB, Patel SM, Khairnar DN. Study of maternal and foetal outcome in twin gestation at tertiary care teaching hospital. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research. 2012;3(10):758-62.
[5]. Gajera AV, Basavannayya HP, Kavitha C, Hiremath R. Feto-maternal outcome in twin pregnancy. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2015 Dec;4(6):1836-39..

Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular disease especially atherosclerotic coronary artery heart disease (CHD) are directly associated with increased total serum cholesterol levels and accounts for a large population of deaths and disability worldwide. The aim of the study was to reduce total blood cholesterol level with supplementation of garlic capsule. Material and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo controlled study conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. Eighty subjects with elevated total cholesterol level between 210mg/dl to 320mg/dl were enrolled. Two groups each comprising of forty subjects were.......

Key Word: Garlic; Hypercholesterolemia; Cardiovascular disease.

[1]. Libby P. Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw Hill New York, 2005. 1430.
[2]. Gotto AM. Jeremiah Metzger Lecture: Cholesterol, Inflammation and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Is It All LDL? Trans AnnClinClimatolAssoc. 2011;122:256–89.
[3]. Patty W, Siri-Tarino, Qi Sun, Frank B. Hu, Ronald M. Krauss. Saturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Modulation byReplacement Nutrients. CurrAtheroscler Rep. 2010;12(6):384–390.
[4]. Lewington S, Whitlock G, Clarke R, Sherliker P, Emberson J, Halsey J et al. Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex and blood pressure: a meta analysis of individual data from 61 prospective with 55,000 vascular deaths. Lancet. 2007;370:1829–39.
[5]. Nadira I, Rahman Z, Choudhury S,Afrin L, et al.Prevalance of Dyslipidemia and Associated Factors among the sub-urban Bangladeshi Population. 2012;8(1):234–244.

Abstract: Bangladesh is among the 30-high burden countries (HBCs) in the World for Tuberculosis (TB). Approximately 2,24,200 all forms of TB cases have been notified to National TB Control Program (NTP), however around 1,19,800 cases are estimated to be missed annually. The directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy, based on passive case find strategy is successfully being practiced with 53% case detection and 92% treatment success rate. At present, no routine screening activity is ongoing among the slum dwellers or any other high-risk groups and also there is lack of improved diagnostic facility other than smear microscopy in the DOTS centers. Though passive case finding has been the focus of Tuberculosis control strategy, an epidemiological model developed by Murrrey......

Key Word: Tuberculosis", "epidemiology", "risk factors", "socioeconomic factors", "active case finding", "Tuberculosis Transmission

[1]. WHO. (2018). Top-Ten Priority Indicators for Monitoring Implementation of the End Tb Strategy At Global and National Levels Indicator Recommended Target Level Tb Treatment Coverage ≥ 90% Tb Treatment Success Rate ≥ 90% Percentage of Tb-Affected Households That Experie. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/tb
[2]. World Health Organisation. (2018). Global Health TB Report.
[3]. Azim, N. H., Subki, A., & Yusof, Z. N. B. (2015). The End TB Srategy. World Health Organization. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
[4]. Asres, A., Jerene, D., & Deressa, W. (2018). Delays to treatment initiation is associated with tuberculosis treatment outcomes among patients on directly observed treatment short course in Southwest Ethiopia: A follow-up study. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 18(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-018-0628-2
[5]. LONNROTH, K., & LONNROTH, K. (2013). Systematic screening for active tuberculosis, 1–146. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/tb/publications/Final_TB_Screening_guidelines.pdf%5Cnpapers2://publication/uuid/08A76D05-FB96-49D1-BEF3-8875B6841F30

Abstract: Mucinous adenocarcinoma is the 3rd most commonly diagnosed malignant disease worldwide. Colonic carcinoma masquerading as acute appendicitis or an abscess is a well-recognized entity in the elderly. Still, it may be overlooked in young patients because the malignant disease is not suspected.

[1]. Jennifer A. Ramsay, MD CM, FRCPC; Toby H Rose, MD, FRCPC; Ted Ross, MD, FRCSC, FACS
[2]. Martin EW Jr, Joyce S. Lucas J et al., colorectal carcinoma in patients less than 40 years of patient age, pathology and prognosis. Dis Colon Rectum 1981.

Abstract: Background: Oral health care providers have a unique opportunity to provide tobacco intervention services to patients, as tobacco use can have direct consequences on dental and oral tissues, increasing the likelihood of dental treatment necessary for current smokers compared to nonsmokers. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge & perception regarding tobacco among the dental professionals of North India. Methodology: The study was conducted on 1257 dental professionals using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and chi square test were applied keeping p<0.05 Results: Participants of the study were aware of tobacco and its harmful effect on oral health. Conclusion: The harmful effect of tobacco is not unknown. Regular screening of patients should be done and they should be made aware not only of the oral effects but also the general harmful effects of using tobacco and methods to quit tobacco..

Key Word: Dentist, Dental Professional, Dental Surgeon, Tobacco, Smokeless Tobacco, Nicotine, Oral Cancer

[1]. National Cancer Institute and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smokeless Tobacco and Public Health: A Global Perspective. NIH Publication No. 14-7983; 2014.
[2]. Warnakulasuriya S, Dietrich T, Bornstein MM, et al. Oral health risks of tobacco use and effects of cessation. Int Dent J 2010;60(1):7-30.
[3]. Balaji SM. Tobacco smoking and surgical healing of oral tissues: a review. Indian J Dent Res 2008;19(4):344.
[4]. Taybos G. Oral changes associated with tobacco use. Am J Med Sci 2003;326(4):179–82.
[5]. Dye BA, Morin NM, Robinson V. The relationship between cigarette smoking and perceived dental treatment needs in the United States, 1988–1994. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137(2):224–34.

Abstract: CONTEXT: Coronary artery disease is the world's most common cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Hyponatremia is also common after myocardial infarction and clinical improvement is accompanied by a rise in plasma sodium concentration. Hyponatremia is defined as plasma sodium concentration of <135 mEq/L. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aims and objective of this study is to study the prevalence of hyponatremia in acute coronary syndrome and to determine the mortality outcome of hyponatremia in acute coronary syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a prospective based study conducted in Government Vellore Medical College for a period of one year from Sep'2018 to Aug'2019, in 100.....

Key Word: Acute coronary syndrome, Hyponatremia, Acute myocardial infarction, Ventricular tachycardia

[1]. Antman EM, Braunwald E. ST segment elevation mycocardial Infarction In: Zipes, Libby, Bonow, Braunwald editors. Braunwalds heart disease a text book of cardiovascular medicine.7th edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2005. p.1141-1142.
[2]. Anderson RJ, Chung HM, Kluge R, Schrier RW. Hyponatremia: a prospective analysis of its epidemiology and the pathogenetic role of vasopressin. Ann Intern Med. 1985 Feb; 102(2):164-8
[3]. Chung HM, Kluge R, Schrier RW Anderson RJ. Postoperative hyponatremia, A prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 1986; 146:333-336
[4]. Lee WH, Packer M. Prognostic importance of serum Sodium at concentration And its modification by converting-enzyme inhibition in patients with severe Chronic hyponatremia. 1986; 73:257-267
[5]. Sigurdsson A, Held P, Swedberg K. Short- and long-term neurohormonal activation following acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J.1993; 126:1068- 1076. Flear CT, Hilton P. Hyponatremia and severity and outcome of myocardial infarction. BMJ. 1979; 1: 1242-1246.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Body fluids like pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, CSF, synovial fluid and pericardial fluid are usually sterile .Infections of sterile body fluids are a medical emergency and needs an early diagnosis and effective treatment . There are certain common pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas species, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus aureus which invade and infect the sterile body fluids leading to morbidity and life threatening infections. METHOD: A total of 380 sterile body fluids were collected from August 2019 to October 2019. Sterile body fluids like cerebrospinal fluid, pericardial fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, bile, synovial fluid were included. They were processed using conventional microbiological methods and pathogens isolated & their antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULT: Among 380 samples culture positivity......

Key Word: Sterile body fluids, antibiotic sensitivity, Gram negative bacilli, Gram positive cocci

[1]. Vijaya Durga, S. and Anuradha, B. 2019. An Aerobic Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Various Body Fluids from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Telangana, India – A 5 Year Study. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 8(08): 592-601. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.808.071
[2]. Ephrem Tsegay, Aregawi Hailesilassie, Haftamu Hailekiros, Selam Niguse, Muthupandian Saravanan, Mahmud Abdulkader, "Bacterial Isolates and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Sterile Body Fluids from Tertiary Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: A Four-Year Retrospective Study", Journal of Pathogens, vol. 2019, Article ID 5456067, 6 pages, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5456067
[3]. Rouf, M., & Nazir, A. (2019). Aerobic Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Sterile Body Fluids: A Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. Microbiology Research Journal International, 28(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/mrji/2019/v28i130123
[4]. Harshika Y K, Shobha M. K. R, Patil A B, Smita N R. A study on bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern from various body fluids of patients attending the tertiary care Hospital, KIMS, Hubli. Indian J Microbiol Res. 2018;5(4):530-534.
[5]. Sodani S, Hawaldar R. Bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in various body fluids –A retrospective study . Indian J Microbiol Res 2020;7(1):51-58.

Abstract: Background: Diabetes is well associated with atherosclerosis and patients have increased risk of cardiovascular events. Flow-mediated dilation study with ultrasonography on the brachial artery is a noninvasive method to estimate endothelial dysfunction, which is considered a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. We conducted this study on premenopausal Diabetic women considering that the disease removes the protection to cardiovascular events conferred by sex and to detect the atherosclerosis at the subclinical stage where primary prevention may still be possible. Method: A cross-sectional study in 101 premenopausal T2DM patients in the department of Medicine in collaboration with Radiodiagnosis department at Regional Institute of Medical Sciences. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on their BMI. They were.....

Key Word: Subclinical atherosclerosis, flow-mediated dilatation, premenopausal women, type 2 diabetes mellitus

[1]. King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995–2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 1998;21(9): 1414–31.
[2]. Lee WL, Cheung AM, Cape D, Zinman B. Impact of diabetes on coronary artery disease in women and men: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetes Care 2000;23(7):962-8
[3]. Benjamin EJ, Larson MG, Keyes MJ, Mitchell GF, Vasan RS, Keaney JF, et al. Clinical correlates and heritability of flow-mediated dilation in the community, the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2004;109(5):613–9.
[4]. Packard RR, Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis: from vascular biology to biomarker discovery and risk prediction. Clin Chem 2008;54(1):124-38.
[5]. Wilber HA, Bluemke DA, Ouyang P, Du YP, Post WS, Lima JA. The relationship between vascular wall shear stress and flow-mediated dilation: endothelial function assessed by phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38(7):1859-65.

Abstract: Introduction: Globally more than three million of acute poisoning cases with 2,20,000 deaths occurs annually. In India, 7.8% of all accidental deaths is contributed by poisoning, being fourth common cause of mortality. Number of deaths due to poisoning in 2015 was 26,173 out of 4,02,947 un-natural causes. This study aimed to determine morbidity and mortality patterns of poisoning cases and assess its association with variables of interest. Methods: A chart review study was conducted during Oct 23–Nov 21, 2019 after ethical approval. 182 poisoning cases attended a secondary care hospital in between Sep 1, 2012 and Aug 31, 2019 were retrieved from medical records using data abstraction form. Data were entered in IBM SPSS version 21 and presented in percentages, mean with standard deviation. Chi-square test was used for association between proportions. Results: Of the 182 cases, more than one-third......

Key Word: Poisoning, Mortality, Morbidity, Chart review

[1]. World Health Organisation. Environmental health in emergencies: Poisoning;[1 screen]. Available at: https://www.who.int/environmental_health_emergencies/poisoning/en/. Accessed December 10, 2020.
[2]. Srinivas Rao CH, Venkateswarlu V, Surender T, Eddleston M, Buckley NA. Pesticide poisoning in south India: opportunities for prevention and improved medical management. Trop Med Int Health 2005;10(6):581-8.
[3]. Dash SK, Raju AS, Mohanty MK, Patnaik KK, Mohanty S. Sociodemographic profile of poisoning cases. J Indian Acad Forensic Med 2005;27(2):133–8.
[4]. Bamathy B, Punnagai K, Amritha CA, Chellathai DD. Incidence and patterns of acute poisoning cases in an emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. Biomed Pharmacol J 2017;10(3):1285–91.
[5]. Das RK. Epidemiology of Insecticide poisoining at AIIMS Emergency Services and role of its detection by gas liquid chromatography in diagnosis. Medico-Legal Updat Int J 2007;7(2):49–60..