iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2021

Abstract: BACKGROUND Postoperative sore throat is well recognized complications following general anaesthesia requiring endo tracheal intubation. It is being considered as a minor complication but it is a valid reason of dissatisfaction and morbidity among patients. AIM Primary aim of the study is to compare the effects of ketamine and magnesium sulfate nebulization in a preemptive manner on incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat upto the period of 24hours. Secondary aim is to compare the effects on severity of postoperative cough. METHODOLOGY....

Key Words; Ketamine, magnesium sulfate, nebulization, sore throat, cough , endo tracheal intubation.

[1]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6319074/Comparison of Nebulized Ketamine with Nebulized Magnesium Sulfate on the Incidence of Postoperative Sore Throat.
[2]. Zachariah M1, George SK1, Kandasamy R1.PMC6319074 DOI:10.4103/aer.AER_148_18
[3]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5490122/Rajan s,malayil GJ.comparison of usefulness of ketamine and magnesium sulfate nebulization for attenuating postoperative sorethroat,Res 2017;11;287-Segaran S1, Bacthavasalame AT1, Venkatesh RR93.[PMCID;PMC 5490122].PUBMED;28663608.
[4]. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7e79/45d0ff6db3693128bee7fc3b004a1ddc5fc9.pdfJain S.Barasker A comparative study of preoperative ketamine and mag.sulfate nebulization for incidence of postoperative sorethroat after intubation interested K contemporary med res 2017;4;1356-9
[5]. http://www.ijaweb.org/citation.asp?issn=0019-5049;year=2015;volume=59;issue=1;spage=37;epage=42;aulast=Ahuja;aid=IndianJAnaesth_2015_59_1_37_149448Ahuja V, Mitra S, Sarna R. Nebulized ketamine decreases incidence and severity of post-operative sore throat. Indian J Anaesth. 2015;59:37-42..

Abstract: Introduction: Kangaroo Mother Care is a non conventional,low cost method for newborn care based upon intimate skin-to- skin contact between mother and baby . Aims and Objectives : To find out the effectiveness and outcome of Kangaroo Mother Care on Premature and Low Birth Weight neonates in terms of: a. Mortality and morbidities .b. Maternal and social acceptability and feasibility. c. Cost-effectiveness.Materials and Methodology: This hospital based observational study was conducted on 105 preterm and low birth weight neonates who were admitted in the......

Key Word: NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care unit), HC (Head Circumference), HR( Heart Rate), RR ( Respiratory Rate).

[1]. Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Perin J, Rudan I, Lawn JE, Cousens S, Mathers C, Black RE. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000–13, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis. The Lancet. 2015 Jan 31;385(9966):430-40.
[2]. You D, Hug L, Ejdemyr S, Idele P, Hogan D, Mathers C, Gerland P, New JR, Alkema L. United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME). Global, regional, and national levels and trends in under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. Lancet. 2015 Dec 5;386(10010):2275-86.
[3]. Lee AC, Katz J, Blencowe H, Cousens S, Kozuki N, Vogel JP, Adair L, Baqui AH, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, Christian P. National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010. The Lancet Global Health. 2013 Jul 1;1(1):e26-36.
[4]. Kadam S, Binoy S, Kanbur W, Mondkar JA, Fernandez A. Feasibility of kangaroo mother care in Mumbai. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2005 Jan 1;72(1):35-8.
[5]. Bera A, Ghosh J, Singh AK, Hazra A, Som T, Munian D. Effect of kangaroo mother care on vital physiological parameters of the low birth weight newborn.

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the incidence of placenta previa in women who underwent cesarean section previously versus vaginal deliveries and to compare maternal and fetal outcomes in subjects with placenta previa among previous cesarean section and vaginal deliveries. Method: Prospective study conducted in 50 previous Lower Segment Cesarean Section and 50 previous Normal vaginal delivery cases. Women were enrolled in the study in Mid Trimester, 12-20 weeks of Gestational Age followed until 1 week after delivery.
Results: Among the 50 women who underwent normal vaginal delivery one case of placenta previa was observed whereas among the 50 women who underwent previous cesarean sections four women developed placenta previa in their successive......

Key Word: Post cesarean pregnancy, placenta previa, post vaginal delivery, Fetal, Maternal

[1]. International Institute for Population Science. (2017).NFHS-4(National Family Health survey-4)-2015-16-India fact sheet.
[2]. Molina G,et al. RelCaesareanp between caesarean delivery rate and maternal and neonatal mortality.JAWA.2015;314:2263-2270 doi:10.1001/jama.2015.1555.
[3]. Thomas S,Meadows J, McQueen KA . Access to cesarean section will reduce maternal mortality in low-income countries.A mathematical model,World Sug.2016:40:1537-1541.
[4]. Quddusi H, Shafi S. Frequency of Placenta Praevia – Placenta Accreta in Patients with Previous Cesarean Section. Annals 2011;17(4):407-9.
[5]. Lewis G,(ed) The Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH).Saving Mothers lives: To make motherhood safer 2003-2005.CEMACH;2007 seventh report, London..

Abstract:INTRODUCTION: Adrenal lesions are relatively rare arising from a composite gland. It produces various benign and malignant tumours which require detailed examination and expertise for diagnosis. AIMS &N OBJECTIVES: To signify the role of histomorphology and its related scoring systems in the diagnosis of various adrenal tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a 2 yr study conducted in the department of pathology, Kurnool Medical college from July 2017 to June 2019........

Key Word: A total of 20 adrenal specimen were received with female preponderance and a mean age of 40yrs with pheochromocytoma being the commonest among them.

[1]. N. Sreemani Kumari, Annapoorna Sireesha, K. Jayashree, O. Shravan Kumar. Spectrum of histomorphological patterns of adrenal tumors: A one year study at Gandhi Hospital, Hyderabad - A tertiary referral centre. IAIM, 2016; 3(7): 77-86
[2]. Madabhushi V et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016 Apr;4(4):1242-1247
[3]. George T Griffing. Adrenal Incidentaloma: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology. emedicine. medscape. com/article/116587 –Overview
[4]. Ng L, Libertino JM. Adrenocortical carcinoma: Diagnosis, evaluation and treatment. J Urol 2003;169:5-11
[5]. Jain M, Kapoor S, Mishra A, Gupta S, Agarwal A. Weiss criteria in large adrenocortical tumors: A validation study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2010;53:222-6

Abstract: Background: Complete denture patients are often associated with the various denture-related oral mucosallesions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence ofdenture-related oral mucosal lesions in complete denture patients. Materials and Methods: The study was consisted of 225 patientshaving various denture-induced oral mucosal lesions from theoutpatient department of the department out of the 395 completedenture patients examined. Data related to gender, age, length ofdenture use, hygiene care were obtained. All the data were tabulated and analyzed. Results: In 225 complete denture patients. Denture stomatitis (60.23%) was the most commonlesion present, followed by Epulis fissuratum......

Key Word: Complete denture, denture stomatitis, Epulis fissuratum, oralmucosal lesions.

[1]. da Silva HF, Martins-Filho PR, Piva MR. Denturerelated oral mucosal lesions among farmers in a semi-aridNortheastern Region of Brazil. Med Oral Patol Oral CirBucal 2011;16(6):e740-4.
[2]. Felton D, Cooper L, Duqum I, Minsley G, Guckes A,Haug S, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the care andmaintenance of complete dentures: A publication of theAmerican College of Prosthodontists. J Prosthodont2011;20Suppl 1:S1-123.Mostafa I Fayad (1), Mostafa M Hosny(2), Hassan M Sakr(3) and Fahd Nasser Alkahtany(4)Prevalence of Denture Stomatitis Among Complete Denture Wearersin Aljouf,ADJ-for Girls, Vol. 5, No. 3, July (2018) — PP. 219:223
[3]. Asif Ali Shah, TahirJamil Ahmad*.Oral mucosal lesions in complete denture wearers.Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists 2011; 21 (3): 170-173.
[4]. MacEntee MI, ed. The Complete denture. A Clinical Pathway, Philadelphia: Quintessence Publishing; 1999.
[5]. Cuningham SM, ed. Lesions of Oral Cavity. Philadelphia: Quintessence Publishing; 2001.

Abstract: The second most common facial fracture is mandible fracture. The number of cases of mandibular fracture has been increased in recent years with the advent of fast moving automobiles.The objective of the present study was to study the pattern of mandibular fractures, the etiology, gender distribution and type of mandible fracture present in maxillofacial region in a known population. Material and methods:The study was conducted to examine 130 patients of facial trauma of age group 18-58 years. The patients were examined for cause of trauma, gender and type of mandibular fracture. The patients were informed about the study and a proper consent for the same was obtained. A thorough clinical examination was carried out and necessary.......

Keywords: Mandibular fracture,parasymphysisfractures,maxillofacial region

[1]. Abiose BO. Maxillofacial skeleton injuries in the western states of Nigeria. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986;24:31-9.
[2]. Adi M, Ogden GR, Chisholm DM. An analysis of mandibular fractures in Dundee, Scotland (1977 to 1985). Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990;28:194-9.
[3]. Allan BP, Daly CG. Fractures of the mandible. A 35-year retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990;19:268-71.
[4]. Azevedo AB, Trent RB, Ellis A. Population-based analysis of 10,766 hospitalizations for mandibular fractures in California, 1991 to 1993. J Trauma 1998;45:1084-7.
[5]. Freidl S, Bremerich A, Gellrich NC. Mandibular fractures. An epidemiological study of a 10-year cohort. Acta Stomatol Belg 1996;93:5-11..

Abstract: Background: Acute febrile illness is a common cause of patients seeking health care settings posing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the health care workers. Previous studies showed increase in the occurrence of mosquito born, water & food born pyrexia cases like dengue, chikungunya, malaria, enteric fever during rainy season. The clinical laboratory parameters gives etiological diagnosis that helps in providing relevant treatment to patients Material And Methods: A total of 2200 patients with history of acute febrile illness admitted in medicine department from August 2019 to October 2019 at Sir Ronald Ross Institute of Tropical and Communicable Diseases were included in the present cross sectional study. .Blood is collected from each patient for serological and hematological tests. Serological......

Key Word: Acute febrile illness, Dengue, Malaria, Chikungunya, Enteric fever, WIDAL test, JSB

[1]. Shelke YP, Deotale VS, Maraskolhe DL. Spectrum of infections in acute febrile illness in central India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2017;35:480-4.
[2]. Ragini Singh, S P Singh , Niaz Ahmad A Study of Etiological Pattern in an Epidemic of Acute Febrile Illness during Monsoon in a Tertiary Health Care Institute of Uttarakhand, India Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014 Jun, Vol-8(6):MC01-MC03
[3]. Kinley Wangdi1, Kaushalya Kasturiaratchi , Susana Vaz Nery Colleen L. Lau1, Darren J. Gray and Archie C. A. Clements Diversity of infectious aetiologies of acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses in south and Southeast Asia: a systematic review Wangdi et al. BMC Infectious Diseases (2019) 19:577
[4]. Shah PD, Mehta TK. Evaluation of concurrent malaria and dengue infections among febrile patients. Indian J Med Microbiol 2017:35;402-5.
[5]. Shanmugan P, Soundararajan N, Ravi V, Venkatesan P. A study on the prevalence of Dengue fever in Kelambakkam in comparison to an earlier study. Indian J Microbiol Res 2016;3(2):102-106

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite therapeutic advances during this century and a growing perceptionof thesafety of childbirth, morbidity and mortality continue to occur in obstetric patients.NEAR MISS refers to women who experienced andsurvived a severe health condition during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. ANEAR MISS case refers to the situation where a woman suffered a severe complication,and she nearly died but survived because of good health care she received or sheergood luck. MATERIAL & METHODS: It was aprospective study of maternal near miss cases in tertiary healthcare system. Study population were 75 near miss cases who fitted in the WHO nearmiss tool proforma. RESULTS : In this study 82.7% of near miss cases were in late pregnancy(more than 28 weeks), 69.35% patients belongs to below poverty line ,61.2% near miss cases were multigravida while 38.6% were primi gravida ;44% came directly to the hospital and 56% were referred from healthfacilities , 53.3% were near miss at.......

Key Word: Maternal near miss, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy,obstetric- hemorrhage

[1]. Kaur R, Roy D, Aggarwal P, Nautiyal R, ChaturvediJ, kakkar R. Application of WHO Near miss toolIndicates Good Quality of Maternal Care in RuralHealthcare Setting in Uttarakhand, Northern India: JClin Diagn Res. 2016;10(1):LC10-3
[2]. Pattinson RC, Say L, Souza JP, Broek NV, RooneyC. WHO Working Group on maternal Mortality andMorbidity Classifications. WHO maternal death andnear miss classifications. Bull World Health Organ.2009;87(10):734.
[3]. Tallapureddy S, Velagaleti R, Palutla H, Satti CV; "Near Miss" Obstetric events and maternal mortalityin a Tertiary Care Hospital; Indian J Public Health2017 Oct- Dec; 61(4):350.
[4]. Reena RP, Radha KR. Factors associated with maternal near miss: A study from Kerala. Indian J Public Health. 2018 Jan-Mar;62(1):58-60.
[5]. Roopa PS, Shailaja Verma, Lavanya Rai, Pratap Kumar, Murlidhar V. Pai, Jyothi Shetty, ""Near Miss" Obstetric Events and Maternal Deaths in a Tertiary Care Hospital: An Audit", Journal of Pregnancy, vol. 2013, Article ID 393758, 5 pages, 2013.

Abstract: Background: Covid -19 pandemic has altered our way of life . Worldwide online classes are being conducted using various platforms like zoom,google meet,Microsoft teams this is being followed in medical undergraduate and post graduate , this study was undertaken in department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, sharda university, it was a desriptive questionnaire based study amongst 150 under graduate students

[1]. S.E. Ogbe, M.B. Akor-Dewu, M.I. Saleh, E.D. Eze, O.Olufunke, A. Shaibu et al, Effects of headphones on hearing acuity of students of Ahmadu BelloUniversity, Zaria, Nigeria. Annals Biol Sci 2014, 2(1):7-9.
[2]. Naik K, Pai S. High frequency hearing loss in students used to ear phone music: A randomized trial of 1,000 students. Indian J Otol 2014;20:29-32.
[3]. World Health Organisation – deafness and hearing loss . Available from -https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-loss dated 29 July 2020.
[4]. Stefanics G, Kellényi L, Molnár F, Kubinyi G, Thuróczy G, Hernádi I. Short GSM mobile phone exposure does not alter human auditory brainstem response. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:325.
[5]. Uloziene I, Uloza V, Gradauskiene E, Saferis V. Assessment of potential effects of the electromagnetic fields of mobile phones on hearing. BMC Public Health. 2005;5:39.

Abstract: Background: Thyroid nodules are becoming more important in clinical setting and the prevalence of thyroid carcinoma is on the rise. The main challenge to the clinician is to decide which one requires evaluation and intervention. Clinical examination although accurate in most cases, is inadequate in some areas, especially in staging of thyroid malignancies and in detecting the multinodularity and in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules. Computed tomography (CT) of neck has only a supplementary role in head and neck surgery. The preoperative use of CT neck is not routinely recommended according to American Thyroid Association guidelines. However, Ultrasound of neck is often operator dependent and sometimes difficult to obtain adequate images of the entire neck. On contrast CT scan is non operator dependent and is frequently used for detecting cervical lymph node metastasis.......

Key Word: CT,thyroid,lymphadenopathy

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