iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2021

Abstract: Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic disease which is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airway of lungs with frequent exacerbation. The etiology and antibiotic sensitivity have been changing over the years. This study determines the microbiological pattern of sputum and antibiotic sensitivity among COPD patients admitted in a tertiary care Hospital. Materials and methods: In this cross sectional study, 60 patients admitted with acute exacerbation of COPD were included and sputum culture and sensitivity studied for most common pathogen and antibiotic sensitivity. Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common organism isolated. Meropenem was the most sensitive antibiotic and most resistant antibiotic is Ampicillin......

Key Words : COPD, ACUTE exacerbation, antibiotic resistance, most common organism.

[1]. Rashid MH, Ahmed I. Pattern of Sputum Bacteriology in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Journal of Enam Medical College. 2018 May;8(2):80-4.
[2]. NARAYANAGOWDA, Devanath Sosale et al. A bacteriological study of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease over a period of one year. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 11, p. 3141-3146, jan. 2017. ISSN 2320-6012.
[3]. Sharan, Hariom. "Aerobic Bacteriological Study of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR vol. 9,8 (2015): DC10-2. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/14515.6367.
[4]. Arora U, Mohan U, Mahajan S. Bacteriology of bronchial secretions in non-tubercular lower respiratory tract infections. The Indian journal of chest diseases & allied sciences. 1999;41(1):65-7.
[5]. Pradhan KC, Kar S, Nanda BK. Bacteriology of chronic respiratory disease of non-tubercular origin. Indian journal of pathology & microbiology. 1979 Apr;22(2):133..

Abstract: An accurate diagnosis of morphology of the root canal system is a pre-requisite for successful cleaning and shaping in endodontics. Mandibular second premolars can present a complex pulp anatomy. Apart from the usual single root and single canal, many other variations may be seen. Different studies have evaluated the variations in the root canal morphology of mandibular premolars over the years and reported a fairly high percentage of these teeth to have more than one canal. The intricacies present in such variations of canal morphology can pose a challenge to the clinician during negotiation, debridement and obturation. This case series presents the endodontic management mandibular premolars with 3 and 2 canals respectively in need of root canal treatment..

Keywords- mandibular 2nd premolar, anatomic variations, root canal morphology

[1]. Nallapati S. Three canal mandibular first and second premolars: a treatment approach. A case report. Journal of Endodontics. 2005 Jun 1;31(6):474-6.
[2]. Vertucci F, Seelig A, Gillis R. Root canal morphology of the human maxillary second premolar. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1974 Sep 1;38(3):456-64.
[3]. Zillich R, Dowson J. Root canal morphology of mandibular first and second premolars. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1973 Nov 1;36(5):738-44.
[4]. Vertucci FJ. Root canal morphology of mandibular premolars. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1978 Jul 1;97(1):47-50.
[5]. Trope M, Elfenbein L, Tronstad L. Mandibular premolars with more than one root canal in different race groups. Journal of endodontics. 1986 Jan 1;12(8):343-5.

Abstract: Introduction: Diabetes is a multi-systemic disease leading to cataract formation as one of its ocular complications. The present cross-sectional study aims to find out the common morphological patterns of lenticular opacities in diabetic patients.
Materials and methods: This research work was done using facilities available in the Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur. Reports of required biochemical tests needed for the study as well as a detailed data on diabetes and ocular history were obtained. All patients were informed about the test and assured that their identity will not be made known. After getting necessary consent, the pupil of a......

Keywords: Lenticular opacity, diabetes mellitus, nuclear cataract, cortical cataract.

[[1]. Gupta SK, Selvan VK, Saxena R, Agarwal SS. Advances in pharmacological strategies for the prevention of cataract development. Indian J of Ophthalmol 2009 May-June;57(3):175-83.
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[4]. Argirova MD, Breipohl W. Glycated proteins can enhance photo-oxidative stress in aged and diabetic lenses. Free Radic Res 2002 Dec;36(12):1251-9.
[5]. Chung SS, Ho EC, Lam KS, Chung SK. Contribution of polyol pathway to diabetes-induced oxidative stress. J Am Soc of Nephrol 2003 Aug;14(3):233–6..

Abstract: Le chondrome de la main est une tumeur cartilagineuse bénigne, qui résulte d'une absence d'ossification enchondrale normale au-dessous de la plaque de croissance. Le plus souvent il est unique, mais réalise aussi des formes multiples ou enchondromatose (1). Il s'observe à tout âge, mais 60 % des cas sont découverts dans les troisièmes et quatrièmes décennies (2). Le risque de transformation sarcomateuse justifie la chirurgie.

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Abstract: Background Menstruation as a subject has recently emerged from the veil of taboos and restrictions prevalent among a significant number of women. They often have inadequate and incomplete knowledge of personal care and hygiene during menstruation. To improve and educate target population, the extent of the knowledge gap must be known. There are currently vast gaps in this data, worldwide. Materials and Methodology A cross sectional study was conducted among 200 females in the age group of 10-49 years at local schools and those attending OPD at NC Medical......

Keywords: Menstruation, hygiene, knowledge, practice

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Abstract: Background: Dental caries still contributes a huge share of the burden of oral diseases in India despite the existence of several preventive strategies. Being the second highly populous country, Vitamin C, if found effective, would be the most cost effective, easily accessible and socially acceptable alternative to the existing preventive measures of dental plaque associated caries infection. The objectives of the study were to determine Biofilm Prevention Concentration(BPC) and Biofilm Eradication Concentration(BEC) of ascorbic acid against Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: Diluted solutions of L-ascorbic acid(C6H8O6) and S. mutans MTCC890 strain were used for the study. Micro titration plates were prepared and incubated for 24 hrs at 35⁰C, with concentrations of ascorbic acid at 15-30 mg/ml. MIC and MBC were determined using MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Exopolysaccharide(EPS) analysis and crystal violet biofilm assay were then performed to assess biofilm......

Keywords: Biofilm, Streptococcus mutans, ascorbic acid, Crystal violet assay, EPS analysis

[1]. Petersen PE. The world oral health report 2003: Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century – The approach of the WHO global oral health programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003;31 Suppl 1:3-23.
[2]. Gomez A, Nelson KE: The oral microbiome of children: development, disease, and implications beyond oral health. Microbiol Ecol 2017; 73: 492–503
[3]. Listl S, Galloway J, Mosey PA, Marcenes W: Global impact of dental diseases. J Dent Res 2015; 94: 1355–1361
[4]. Morse D.J., Wilson M.J., Wei X., Lewis M.A.O., Bradshaw D.J., Murdoch C., Williams D.W. Denture-Associated Biofilm Infection in Three-Dimensional Oral Mucosal Tissue Models. J. Med. Microbiol. 2018;67:364–375.
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Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected health care systems with Health Care Workers (HCWs) worldwide being at an increased risk of contracting and dying from the disease. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures play a significant role in reducing the incidence and spread of COVID-19 among HCWs. This however depends on the compliance with its use. This study therefore aimed to determine the barriers and facilitators to compliance with IPC measures among HCWs in Gombe State. Methodology: Focused group discussions were conducted among Doctors, Nurses, lab scientists and CHEWs/CHO in four health facilities in Gombe LGA. These facilities were selected using simple random sampling technique by balloting while the study participants were selected purposively from the selected health care facilities. Data from the audio recordings and notes were collated and transcribed in English language, using inductive approach, coding was.....

Keywords: COVID-19, Health Care Workers, Infection Prevention and Control, Personal Protective Equipment.

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[4]. Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. Nigeria Launches COVID-19 Online Course on Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 17]. Available from: https://ncdc.gov.ng/news/258/nigeria-launches-covid-19-online-course-on-infection-prevention-and-control-%28ipc%29
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Abstract: Cell salvage is beneficial in surgeries that are high risk of anticipated blood loss or where patient factors limit the use of allogeneic blood transfusion. However, the use of cell salvage was limited in obstetric settings due to its early theoretical concerns and ignorance of harmful effects of allogenic transfusions. With the increasing use of intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) in different surgeries including obstetric surgeries across the world, the aim of this review was to describe the current trends and importance of cell salvage in obstetrics

Keywords: cell salvage; obstetrics; blood transfusion; obstetric hemorrhage

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[4]. Goucher H, Wong CA, Patel SK, Toledo P. Cell salvage in obstetrics. Anesth Analg. 2015;121(2):465-468. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000786
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Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hypertensive disorders complicate 5-10% of all pregnancies, and together, they form one member of the deadly triad, along with bleeding and infection that contribute significantly to the maternal morbidity and mortality rates. MATERIAL & METHODS: This study designed as a comparative study with pregnant women of term gestation with hypertension and normotensive women. It is a prospective study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Guntur Medical College and Hospital, Guntur, during the period of February 2018 to January 2019. Pregnant women with known bleeding disorders, on anticoagulant therapy, with abruptio placentae, with IUD, and with established.....

Keywords:Eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, platelet count, prognostic index

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Abstract: As per the Indian council of medical research (ICMR) guidelines for diagnosing Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID – 19), the testing strategy involves taking nasopharyngeal swab from suspected patients. The swab collection is a relatively simple test with mild discomfort to the patient. We report a case of CSF rhinorrhoea following nasopharyngeal swab collection in a patient with an asymptomatic meningoencephalocele.

Keywords: CSF Rhinorrhoea , COVID 19 Nasal swab testing, Meningoencephalocele

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Abstract: Background: Aim of this study to compare the short-term clinical outcome of Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients with normal renal function (NRF) and impaired renal function (IRF) and to evaluate the effects of PCNL on renal function in patients with impaired renal function. Material &Method: Records of 140 consecutive patients who underwent PCNL from January 2014 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. 100 patients had estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60ml/min/1.73m² (NRF Group) and 40 patients had eGFR <60ml/min/1.73m² (IRF Group). Surgical parameters, short-term clinical outcome and adjuvant treatment rates were compared between these two groups. Result: There were.....

Keywords: Renal stone, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Glomerular filtration rate, Renal Function.

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