iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2022

Abstract: Objective: In this study our main goal is to compare impact of brush and paste at night and morning in dental care. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and different private dental clinic in Dhaka from march 2018 to 1st May 2020. A total of 210 with defined dental problem were randomly select as a sample population who visited in dental care unit. Results: During the study most of the study group belong to 11-15 years, 36.7% age group and majority were male, 60%. Followed by 40% patients just spent their time less than two minutes. 50% cases had gingival recession and NCCL (Non-carious cervical lesions)> who just brushed their tooth once a day. Besides that, those brush their tooth once a day face more tooth decay 30% than those who brush their teeth twice a day, 5%. In gum diseases cases, 15% cases seen in group people..........

Key Word: Dental care, brushing teeth, tooth decay.

[1]. Mosby's Dental Dictionary, 2 edition. Elsevier, Inc 200th
[2]. Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8 Edition. Elsevier, Inc 2009.
[3]. Checchi L, Daprile G, Gatto MRA, Pelliccioni GA. Gingival recession and toothbrushing in an Italian School of Dentistry: a pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 1999; 26:276-280.
[4]. Brandini DA, de Sousa, Trevisan CI, Pinelli LA, do Couto Santos SC, Pedrini D, Panzarini SR. No ncario us ce rv ic al lesio ns an d thei r association with toothbrushing practices: invivo eval uation. Oper De nt 2 011; 36:581-589.
[5]. Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, by Saunders. Seventh Edition. Elsevier, Inc 2003.

Abstract: Background: HIV is multisystem disease; haematologic abnormalities are among the most common clinicopathological manifestations of HIV infection. Haematological abnormalities may occur as a result of HIV infection itself, as sequel of HIV related opportunistic infections or malignancies or as a consequence of therapies used for HIV infection and associated conditions, being responsible for significant mortality and morbidity of patients........

[1]. India HIV Estimation 2017 report; naco.gov.in/hiv-facts-figures
[2]. Camara-Lemarroy CR, Flores-Cantu H, Calderon-Hernandez HJ, DiazTorres MA, Villareal-Velazquez HJ. Drug-induced haemolysis, renal failure, thrombocytopenia and lactic acidosis in patients with HIV and cryptococcal meningitis: a diagnostic challenge. Int J STD AIDS. 2015;26(14):1052–1054.
[3]. Wondimeneh Y, Muluye D, Ferede G. Prevalence and associated factors of thrombocytopenia among HAART-naive HIV-positive patients at Gondar University Hospital, northwest Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7:5.
[4]. Bhowmik A, Banerjee P. Hematological manifestation in HIV infected children. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2015;25:119–123.
[5]. Anthony S. Fauci, H. Clifford Lane. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine. New York: McGraw Hill, Health Professions Division; 2008. 17th ed. vol 1 p. 1149.

Abstract: This is a case of 40 years old female presented with lump in her right breast. The patient underwent extensive breast investigation which did not confirm one particular diagnosis. The lesion was exercised and sends for histopathological examination and confirmed the diagnosis of right mammary hamartoma. Breast hamartomas are uncommon and the diagnosis is difficult due to the complex appearance of mass on imaging.

Keywords: Breast lump, Excision, Breast hamartoma,

[1]. Y. Sevim, A.F. Kocaay, T. Eker Breast hamartoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 27 cases and a literature review Clinics (Sao Paulo), 69 (2014), pp. 515-523
[2]. M.G. Arrigoni, M.B. Dockerty, E.S. Judd The identification and treatment of mammary hamartomas Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 133 (1971), pp. 577-582
[3]. G. Erdem, H.M. Karakaş, B. Işık, A.K. Fırat Advanced MRI findings in patients with breast hamartomas Diagn. Interv. Radiol., 17 (2011), pp. 33-3.
[4]. D. Farrokh, H. Janbakhsh, E. Ansaripour Breast hamartoma: mammographic findings Iran. J. Radiol., 8 (4) (2011), pp. 258-260.
[5]. H.T. Sanal, N. Ersoz, O. Altinel, E. Unal, C. Can Giant hamartoma of the breast Breast J., 12 (1) (2006), pp. 84-85.

Abstract: The incidence of fungal rhino-orbital sinusitis(IFROS) has increased in post COVID-19 patients. In the present study, a total of 300 pts ( 360eyes) with IFROS . treated with TRAMB (Transcutaneous Retrobulbar Amphotericin B) are analyzed, retrospectively, at a tertiary care center.
The progression of orbital infection was halted in 70% of the eyes and visual acuity restored with eventual hospital discharge in 20% of the eyes, following TRAMB, globe -saving technique.

Key words: IFROS, TRAMB, Fungal Rhino-orbital Sinusitis, Retrobulbar, Amphotericin B

[1]. Gamaletsou MN,Sipsas NV, Roilides E et al. Rhino-Orbital -Cerebral Mucormycosis. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2012; 14: 423-34.
[2]. Zhou P,Liu Z, Chen Y et al. Bacteria and fungal infection in COVID-19 patients: A matter of concern. Infect. Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020; 41:1124-5.
[3]. Mohan Rajan,MVS Prakash, R,Malarrizhi, A.Yogeswari,T.Nirmal Fredrick et al. Expert opinion- Rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis. TNOAJ Ophthalmic Sci Res 2021; 59:133-6.
[4]. E Kalin-Hajdu, KE Hirabayashi, MR Vagefi, RC. Kersten. Invasive fungal sinusitis: treatment of the orbit. Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 28 (5) (2017), pp. 522-533.
[5]. JH Turner, E Soudry, JV Nayak, PH. Hwang. Survival outcomes in acute invasive fungal sinusitis: a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of published evidence. Laryngoscope, 123 (5) (2013), pp. 1112-1118.

Abstract: Background:- Pharmacology as a branch of medicine which is continuously developing. It is generally agreed upon that reviewing the teaching program at regular intervals and modifications in the methodologies of imparting basic knowledge about drugs and drug therapies is a must. Students' attitude regarding the different teaching-learning and evaluation methods are important for further development and restructuring of medical education in future. This study was undertaken to gather students' perception about pharmacology teaching and learning methods, so that new CBME programme can fulfill the goal of training competent doctors. Materials and Methods This study involved 7th term students who have attended online class as per the new CBME programme. A 17 item pre-validated questionnaire was given to students via Google forms with three options for answers namely, Yes, No and May be. The time provided for answering was 30 minutes. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 2019 version..........

Key Word: Questionnaire, education, online teaching, EdTech, Pharmacology

[1]. Rangachari PK. Basic sciences in an integrated medical curriculum: The case of pharmacology. Adv Health Sci Educ. 1997;2(2):163-71.
[2]. Gruppen LD, Mangrulkar RS, Kolars JC. The promise of competency-based education in the health professions for improving global health. Hum Resour Health 2012;10:43.
[3]. Hariharan TS. Need for changes in the practical pharmacology curriculum of medical undergraduates. Indian J Pharmacol. 2004;36(3):181.
[4]. Gitanjali B, Shashindran CH. Curriculum in clinical pharmacology for medical undergraduates of India. Indian J Pharmacol. 2006;38(S2):108-14. [5]. Manoj Kumar Saurabh, Jitendra Agrawal;The opinion of undergraduate medical students on current curriculum and teaching methodology of pharmacology in four medical colleges of India: a questionnaire based study; International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology;2015;4(5);970-75)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular accident is the most important non communicable disease resulting in 2nd leading cause of death and 3rd leading cause of disability worldwide. While blood lipids and lipoproteins are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis, there association with cerebrovascular atherosclerosis is in doubt. Lipoproteins are considered as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Due to distinctive structural homology with plasminogen, it interferes with function of plasminogen thus increasing thrombotic events. The amount of evidence relating to relation between serum lipids, lipoproteins and cerebrovascular accident is not adequate. The incidence rises steeply with age, and in many lower and middle income countries it is rising in association with less healthy lifestyles, prompted us to undertake this study. Hence the study has been taken up to study lipid abnormalities in nondiabetic stroke patients in our setup.......

Keywords: Ischemic stroke, Cerebro Vascular Accident, hemorrhagic stroke, lipoproteins, lipid profile.

[1]. Guidelines for prevention and management of stroke by Directorate General Health services, Minister of Health and Family Welfare , Government of India 2019 cited at http://mohfw.gov.in>files page no 5.
[2]. Wade S. Smith, S. Claiborne Johnston, J.Claude Hemphill, III ,Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 20th edition ; chapter 419 page no 3068.
[3]. Louis R. Caplan ; Caplan's Stroke , A clinical approach ; 5th edition page no 19
[4]. Wade S. Smith, S. Claiborne Johnston, J.Claude Hemphill, III ,Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 20th edition ; chapter 419 page no 3068.
[5]. Louis R Caplan , stroke Academy of Neurology, AAN press release , October 1 2005

Abstract: Background: SARS-CoV2 virus is a beta corona virus and the disease caused by this is the COVID-19 .The disease was declared as a pandemic on March 11 2020 by WHO .Platelet to lymphocyte ratio is a novel marker of inflammation .The purpose of this marker is to determine the prognosis of COVID-19 patients especially in resource limiting setting. Materials and methods: It is a cross sectional study , 84 patients were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A complete blood picture is done at the time of admission and patient is followed to assess the severity of the disease...........

Key Words: SARS CoV2, COVID-19, Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio(PLR)

[1]. Johns Hopkins University. Coronavirus Resource Center. October 9, 2020. Johns Hopkins University. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html. Accessed October 9, 2020.
[2]. Center for Health Security. SARS-CoV-2 Genetics. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. April 16, 2020.
[3]. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General's Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-10. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020
[4]. Bonow RO, Fonarow GC, O'Gara PT, Yancy CW. Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Myocardial Injury and Mortality. JAMA Cardiol. 2020.
[5]. Gasparyan AY, Ayvazyan L, Mukanova U, Yessirkepov M, Kitas GD. The Platelet-toLymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Rheumatic Diseases. Ann Lab Med. 2019;39(4):345-57

Abstract: Introduction: A chalazion, also known as a meibomian gland lipogranuloma, is caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland and retained meibomian secretions. Chalazia are initially managed conservatively using warm compress and antibiotic eye ointment for the prevention of secondary bacterial infection. For persistent lesions, incision and curettage (I&C), steroid injection may be considered. Intralesional steroid injection for chalazion has been reported to be effective for the treatment of chalazia with high success rates............

[1]. Ormond AW (1921) Notes on three cases of acquired astigmatism associated with meibomian cysts. Br J Ophthalmol 5:117–118
[2]. Arbabi EM, Kelly RJ, Carrim ZI (2010) Chalazion. Br Med J 341:c4044
[3]. Cosar CB, Rapuano CJ, Cohen EJ, Laibson PR. Chalazion as a cause of decreased vision after LASIK. Cornea 2001;20:890–2.
[4]. J. Palva and P. E. J. Pohjanpelto, "Intralesional corticosteroid injection for the treatment of chalazia," Acta Ophthalmologica, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 933–937, 1983.
[5]. L.D. Pizzarello,F.A. Jakobiec, A. J.Hofeldt,M.M. Podolsky, and D. N. Silvers, "Intralesional corticosteroid therapy of chalazia,"The American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 818–821, 1978.

Abstract: Until now the use of gouramy fish scales, has not been widely used, while the benefits related to restoration. This research aimed to analize the addition of gouramy scales powder (GSP) to Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) on the marginal gap, compressive strength and inhibition of bacteria. This research divided into 4 groups. K0: the sample is filled with GIC. K1: GIC + 2.5% GSP. K2: GIC + 5% GSP. K3: GIC + 10% GSP. The compressive strength and filling gap width tests were carried out by embedding GIC samples on red wax blocks and cavity preparation and observed with SEM. The inhibition of bacteria by means of GIC and GSP manipulated with GIC fluid and put into wells on agar media that had been cultured by Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured at 1x24 hours and 2x48 hours. The ANOVA and LSD test confirmed significant differences for inhibition of bacteria activity, but it did not significant for marginal gap and compressive strength, it caused GSP particle size that is too large. The antibacterial potential of goramy scales caused by chitin, catechins, calcium, flavonoids, amino acids, omega 3, and omega 6.

Keywords: marginal gap, compressive strength, bacteria inhibition, gouramy fish scale, powder, glass ionomer cement

[1]. Arita, K., Yamamoto, A., Shinonaga, Y., Harada, K., Abe, Y., Nakagawa, K., Sugiyama, S., 2011. Hydroxyapatite particle characteristics influence the enhancement of the mechanical and chemical properties of conventional restorative glass ionomer cement. Dent. Mater. J. 30, 672–683. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2011-029.
[2]. Al-Hamaoy A R, Alobiedy A N, Alhille A H. Glass ionomer cement mechanical properties enhancement using hydroxyapatite micro and nano particles. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 13(6); 1, 2018.
[3]. Asafarlal, S., 2017. Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage, Surface Roughness and Hardness of Three Glass Ionomer Cements – Zirconomer, Fujii IX Extra GC and Ketac Molar: An In Vitro Study. Dentistry 07, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1122.1000427.
[4]. Bhisti S, Taskin t, Garima A, Andrij P, and Stefan W. 2017. Modified Glass Ionomer Cement with "Remove on Demand" Properties: An In Vitro Study. Dentistry Journal. 5(1): 9. [5]. Breaker, R. R. 2012. New Insight On The Response Of Bacteria To Fluoride. Caries Research, 46(1), 78-81.

Abstract: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is the pre-labour spontaneous rupture of the amniotic membranes (1). Controversy exists on how to manage PROM in term pregnancies. Some go into spontaneous labour with expectant management, avoiding the risks of induction of labour (2, 3). However, this approach could increase the risk of both maternal and neonatal morbidity (4).The purpose was to evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes of deliveries following PROM with regards to time elapsed from rupture of membranes to delivery.........

Key Words: Premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, prolonged rupture of membranes

[1]. Caughey AB, Robinson JN, Norwitz ER. Contemporary diagnosis and management of preterm premature rupture of membranes. Reviews in obstetrics and gynecology. 2008;1(1):11.
[2]. Knight HE, Cromwell DA, Gurol-Urganci I, Harron K, van der Meulen JH, Smith GC. Perinatal mortality associated with induction of labour versus expectant management in nulliparous women aged 35 years or over: An English national cohort study. PLoS medicine. 2017;14(11):e1002425.
[3]. Duff C, Sinclair M. Exploring the risks associated with induction of labour: a retrospective study using the NIMATS database. Journal of advanced nursing. 2000;31(2):410-7.
[4]. Tran SH, Cheng YW, Kaimal AJ, Caughey AB. Length of rupture of membranes in the setting of premature rupture of membranes at term and infectious maternal morbidity. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2008;198(6):700. e1-. e5.
[5]. Medina TM, Hill DA. Preterm premature rupture of membranes: diagnosis and management. American family physician. 2006;73(4):659-64.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION; it was observed in out patient clinics so many house maids, and hotel,mess,
Workers are suffering with pain, and redness ,watering,photophobia .After serial investigations
Came to know that they are suffering from chronic IRIDOCYCLITIS
AIM OF STUDY: house maids most of them are females inthe age group of 15to 44 .which is a active group.they are productive group. Unfortunately..these workers has to work in down trodden conditions.they are exposure to putrified food materials ..which were loaded with septic organisms
Bacteria. ,Fungus, involve the conjunctiva and cornea causing dreaded iridocyclitis.The aim of study is to establish the causative Factors and preventof them and removal of aggravating factors.

kanski oohthalmology
Ak khurana 5th edition
Essays on iridocyclitis.