iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2022

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis is known by several names such as kshya rog the white death, the great white plague, the robber of youth, the Captain of all these men of death, the graveyard cough, raja-yakshma, and the King's-Evil. In 2013, there was an estimated 480000 new cases of MDR-TB worldwide and approximately 210000 deaths from MDR-TB.So this Study was to Study The Challenges For Diagnosis Of MDR-TB Centre Patients Admitted In MDR-TB Centre Of Ranchi Jharkhand. Materials and Methods : It was a hospital based prospective study carried out from August 2016 to Nov.2018 on Multi drug resistant tuberculosis patients admitted in MDR-TB centre Itki Sanatorium Ranchi after approval from institutional ethics committee.Results: In our present Study persistent cough.......

Key Words: Challenges, Prospective, Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

[1]. Shah A, Rodrigues C. The expanding canvas of rapid molecular tests in detection of tuberculosis and drug resistance.Astrocyte [serial online] 217 [cited2018 Nov 23]:4:34-44.
[2]. ZYSK, Kenneth G. Medicine in Veda :Religious Healing in the Veda.New Delhi :Motilal Banarsidas. 1998
[3]. Minion J, Zwerling A, Pai M. Diagnostics for tuberculosis: What new knowledge did we gain through The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease in 2008? Int J Tuber Lung Dis 2009;13:691-7
[4]. World Health Organization. Molecular Line Probe Assays for Rapid Screening of Patients at Risk of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Policy Statement. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2008
[5]. World Health Organization. Companion handbook to the WHO guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO press; 2014.

Abstract: Background: Periodontal disease is one of the pathologies with the highest incidence in the population, increasing with age and with greater manifestation in pregnant women due to hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy, contributing to the increase of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity. The American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) has published a review of various systemic diseases where the presence of periodontal disease could be a potential risk factor. C-reactive protein (PC-R) is the ideal method for establishing an association of periodontal disease and systemic diseases. According to the official AAP guide, the purpose of periodontal.....

Keywords: Pregnant women, C-reactive protein, Non-surgical periodontal treatment, periodontal disease.

[1]. Hirtz C, O'Flynn R, Voisin PM, Deville de Périère D, Lehmann S, Guedes S, et al. The potential impact of salivary peptides in periodontitis. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 2021 Apr 13;58(7):479–92. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33849374/
[2]. Mira A., Simon-Soro A., Curtis MA (2017). Papel de las comunidades microbianas en la patogenia de las enfermedades periodontales y la caries . J. Clin. Periodontol. 44 ( suplemento 18 ), S23–S38. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12671 http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-75072017000100008
[3]. Sudhakara P., Gupta A., Bhardwaj A., Wilson A. (2018). Comunidades Disbióticas Orales y sus Implicaciones en Enfermedades Sistémicas . Dentistry J. (Basel) 6 ( 2 ), 10. doi: 10.3390/dj6020010. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29659479/.
[4]. Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal diseases. Periodontology 2000. 1994 Jun 5(1):78–111. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9673164/
[5]. Guentsch A, Preshaw PM, Bremer-Streck S, Klinger G, Glockmann E, Sigusch BW. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in saliva of periodontitis patients: effect of smoking and periodontal treatment. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2008 May 29 [cited 2022 Jan 20];12(4):345–52. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18509684/.

Abstract: Introduction: Regional anesthesia with PNBs is a cornerstone of multimodal analgesia and opioid-sparing strategies. At present, there is an interest in performing the blocks with peripheral nerve stimulator as it increases the success rate considerably. PNB with local anesthetics is combined with adjuvant drugs to achieve prolonged analgesia, reduce local anesthetic dose to avoid toxicity, and potentially reduce motor blockade. Aim: The study aims to assess the duration of analgesia of two different doses of Dexmedetomidine,50mcg and 100mcg added to 0.5% Levobupivacaine to brachial plexus block through the supraclavicular approach using a peripheral nerve stimulator.....

Keywords: Peripheral nerve stimulator, supraclavicular block, levobupivacaine, dexmedetomidine

[1]. Agarwal S, Aggarwal R, Gupta P. Dexmedetomidine prolongs the effect of bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. JAnaesthesiolClinPharmacol2014;30:36-40.
[2]. Yu Zhang et al, Perineural administration of dexmedetomidine in combination with ropivacaine prolongs axillary brachial plexus block, Int J ClinExp Med 2014;7(3):680 685.
[3]. Esmaoglu A, Yegenoglu F, Akin A, Turk CY. Dexmedetomidine added to levobupivacaine prolongs axillary brachial plexus block. AnesthAnalg2010;111:1548-51.
[4]. Keplinger M, Marhofer P, Kettner SC, Marhofer D, Kimberger O, Zeitlinger M. A pharmacodynamic evaluation of dexmedetomidine as an additive drug to ropivacaine for peripheral nerve blockade: A randomised, triple-blind,controlled study in volunteers. Eur J Anaesthesiol2015;32:790-6.
[5]. Kaygusuz K, Kol I O ,Duger C, Gursoy S, Ozturk H, Kayacan U, AydinR, Mimaroglu R .Effects of Adding Dexmedetomidine to Levobupivacaine in Axillary Brachial Plexus Block; Current Therapeutic Research2012;73(3): 103-111.

Abstract: Various types of techniques are available for closure of abdomen in emergency conditions which are following: (1) layered closure - sequential closure of each fascial layer (2) mass closure - closure as a whole single layer • All techniques which are available have a advantages & disadvantages over one above. • Immediate primary closure-here linea alba, subcutaneous tissue and skin are closed in same sitting. • Delayed primary closure- in this technique Linea alba is closed with Prolene 1 no. in continuous simple fashion.

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome( AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus) which effects the human immune system. Renal involvement is seen in 5-30% of patients with HIV. Worldwide, in HIV patients, chronic kidney disease has become an epidemic especially in Black population. Renal biopsy is an essential tool to know the histopathology of kidney disease in patients with HIV. HIV associated nephropathy(HIVAN) is a glomerular disease seen in HIV patients. As per Western and African studies, HIVAN constitutes 60% of renal biopsies in HIV patients.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical profile and renal histopathology in HIV patients presenting with kidney disease . Objective is......

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Abstract: Background: Liver is the central hub for metabolism. Liver dysfunction in diabetes mellitus is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Periodical evaluation of transaminases helps in early diagnosis of liver dysfunction. Aim: The objectives were to study the levels of serum transaminases and HBA1C levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes and to correlate the levels with HBA1C. Materials & Methods: Institutional cross-sectional observation study. Study was done in 100 known cases of T2DM. Age, Gender, SGOT, SGPT, HBA1C, FBS and PPBS were recorded, analysed and compared the values of SGOT and SGPT with HBA1C, FBS and PPBS......

Key Word: Sgot,Sgpt,HbA1c,Type 2 Diabetes

[1]. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:81–90.
[2]. IDF Atlas, 10th edition, 2021.https://diabetesatlas.org/ [accessed on 20th November 2021]
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[4]. Leclercq IA, Silva MAD , Schroyen B, Van H N, Geerts A. Insulin resistance in hepatocytes and sinusoidal liver cells, Mechanisms and consequences. J Hepatol 2007; 47:142–56.
[5]. Bugianesi E, McCullough AJ, Marchesini G. Insulin resistance: A metabolic pathway to chronic liver disease. Hepatology 2005; 42:987–1000.

Abstract: Background: Folk theories are the popular lay beliefs about an object or a phenomenon, based upon known facts, hearsay, or personal experiences. Folk beliefs about mental illness are indispensable to social psychiatry because they undergird the norms and values of health promotion and shape the experiences and expressions of various illnesses. In the realm of mental health, they play a pivotal role in health seeking behavior, causal attributions, treatment adherence, etc. Materials and method: A qualitative.....

Keywords: social psychiatry, folk theories, culture and mental health, tribal mental health.

[1]. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 101 - 77.
[2]. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11, 589 - 597
[3]. Census (2011).Rural and Urban Distribution. Retrieved from https://censusindia.gov.in/2011- prov- results/paper2/data_files/manipur/Manipur_Paper_2_Vol_12.pdf
[4]. Dalal. A.K. (2016).Cultural Psychology of Health in India: Well-being, Medicine and Traditional Healthcare. Sage. New Delhi
[5]. Furnham, A. (1988). Lay Theories: Everyday Understanding of Problems in the Social Sciences. Pergamon Press..

Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the age & gender distribution, clinical presentation and basic immunohistochemistry finding of GIT lymphoma cases. Methods: It was a hospital based retrospective study conducted over a period of two years. Review of datas of cases diagnosed to be lymphoma by Histopathological examination was carried out in a tertiary care Hospital of Assam, India. The main symptom of presentation due to GIT lymphoma, age & sex distribution of the cases, their site of involvement.....

Key Word: GIT lymphoma, NHL, perforation, small intestine, DLBL

[1]. Gurney KA and Cartwright RA. Increasing incidence and descriptive epidemiology of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma in parts of England and Wales. Hematol J 2002; 3: 95-104.
[2]. Ghimire P, Wu GY and Zhu L. Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17: 697-707.
[3]. Bani-Hani KE, Yaghan RJ and Matalka II. Primary gastric lymphoma in Jordan with special emphasis on descriptive epidemiology. Leuk Lymphoma 2005; 46: 1337-1343.
[4]. Nakamura S, Matsumoto T, Iida M, Yao T and Tsuneyoshi M. Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma in Japan: a clinicopathologic analysis of 455 patients with special reference to its time trends. Cancer 2003; 97: 2462-2473.
[5]. Muller AM, Ihorst G, Mertelsmann R and Engelhardt M. Epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL): trends, geographic distribution, and etiology. Ann Hematol 2005; 84: 1-12

Abstract: Background:- COVID-19 being now a global pandemic with millions of confirmed cases worldwide, with numbers still rising.1Most cases are asymptomatic or mild in severity at presentation although a substantial percentage of patients developing severe illness requiring medical care at hospital level. Early identification of the patients of covid-19 who are at risk of critical illness is a challenging endeavor. The present study aimed to establish routine laboratory markers in combination with clinical information, may allow in identifying such high risk patients. Materials and methods:-We performed a cross sectional observational study among 86 patients who were admitted with the diagnosis......

Keywords: RT-PCR, Trop-I, CRP, LDH, Ferritin, D-dimer

[1]. The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team, "The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19)—China, 2020," China CDC Weekly, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 113–122, 2020 .
[2]. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, Ren R, Leung KS, Lau EH, Wong JY, Xing X. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. New England journal of medicine. 2020 Jan 29.
[3]. Zheng Y, Xu H, Yang M, Zeng Y, Chen H, Liu R, Li Q, Zhang N, Wang D. Epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of 32 critical and 67 noncritical cases of COVID-19 in Chengdu. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2020 Jun 1;127:104366.
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Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of canalicular laceration repair with self-retaining Monocanalicular Silicone Stent(Mini-Monoka).
Materials & Methods: Patients who presented in SMS Hospital Jaipur and had canalicular laceration repair done with self-retaining monocanalicular stent between December 2016 to December 2018 were included in this study. Demographic data, cause of trauma and time duration between trauma and surgery were recorded. Postoperative anatomical and functional success were assessed with complications if any. Results: 36 patients included in this study, 26 males and 10 females. Mean age of presentation was 28.31 +/- 16.37 years (range 1 to.....

[1]. Fayet B, Bernard JA, Ammar J, Karpouzas Y, Hamici S, Hamache F, Pouliquen Y. Recent wounds of the lacrimal duct. Apropos of 262 cases treated as emergencies. J Fr Ophtalmol 1988;11(10):627-637.
[2]. Gibbs DC (1967): New probe for the intubation of lacrimal canaliculi with silicone rubber tubing. Br J Ophthalmol 51: 198.
[3]. Guibor P (1975): Canaliculus intubation set. Trans Sect Ophthalmol Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 79: 410–420.
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Abstract: In the normal circumstances , the proliferation of body cells is under strict control. The cells differentiate , divide and die in a sequential manner in a healthy organism. Cancer is characterized by loss of control of cellular growth and development leading excessive proliferation and spread of cells . Cancer arising from epithelial cells are referred to as carcinomas while that from connective tissue are known as.....

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Abstract: Aims & Objective of Study: The purpose of this study to evaluate ki67 (Proliferative marker for epithelial tissues) potential association between grades of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia (OED) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) by the marker Ki-67 and compare it with normal mucosa as a healthy control. Material & Methods: The present study was done in the department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur. This retrospective study comprised 40 samples out of these 15 clinically and Histopathologically diagnosed cases of different grade of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) (Oral epithelial dysplasia mild, moderate and sever), 15 different grade of Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (well, moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC) and 10 were control group of healthy individuals, with the age group of 20-85. Histopathological.....

Key Word: ki67, OPMD, Epithelial Dysplasia and OSCC

[1]. Anish Gupta, Nilesh D Pardhe, Nikunj Mathur. An Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Ki-67 Expression in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: J.Res. advanced dental 2019,9:3:133-140.
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[3]. Mamta Agrawal, Sushma Pandey, Shikha Jain. Oral Cancer Awareness of the General Public in Gorakhpur City, India. J. of Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP VL - 13/APJCP.2012.13.10.5195.
[4]. Ranganathan K, Kavitha L. Oral epithelial dysplasia: Classifications and clinical relevance in risk assessment of oral potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019;23(1):19-27.
[5]. Khan N, Bavle RM, Makarla S, Amulya SR, Konda P, Sudhakara M. "SKILL TO KILL" - Oral cancer and potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions (PPOELs): A survey approach. Emerging of a new system and professionals J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2019 May-Aug; 23(2):248-256