iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2022

Abstract: PURPOSE: To study the imaging pattern, location, prevalence, and multiplicity of arachnoid granulations in cerebral venous sinuses. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 100 contrast-enhanced Brain MR studies, investigating the venous sinuses for discrete filling defects. After reviewing the imaging findings, we tried relating with clinical symptoms. RESULTS: MR images show these entities as largely hypointense with cerebrospinal fluid in T1, hyperintense with cerebrospinal fluid in T2 sequences, isointense on FLAIR, hypointense on DWI and seen as filling defect on BRAVO. Septations were seen as linear variations of signal intensity within the granulations. Altered MR signal intensity was occasionally noted, when calcifications were present......

Key Word: Anatomy, Arachnoid Granulations, Dural venous sinuses, Thrombosis.

[1]. Leach JL, Jones BV, Tomsick TA, et al. Normal appearance of arachnoid granulations on contrast-enhanced CT and MR of the brain: differentiation from dural sinus disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996;17:1523–32
[2]. Chin SC, Chen CY, Lee CC, et al. Giant arachnoid granulation mimicking dural sinus thrombosis in a boy with headache: MRI. Neuroradiology 1998;40: 18183
[3]. Leach JL, Meyer K, Jones BV, et al. A large arachnoid granulations involving the dorsal superior sagittal sinus: findings on MR imaging and MR venography. Am J Neuroradiol. 2008; 29: 1335-1339. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1093
[4]. Kan P, Stevens EA, Couldwell WT. Incidental giant arachnoid granulation. Am J Neuroradiol. 2006; 27: 1491-1492
[5]. Leach JL, Fortuna RB, Jones BV, Gaskill-Shipley MF. Imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis: current techniques, spectrum of findings, and diagnostic pitfalls. RadioGraphics 2006; 26[suppl 1]:S19–S41; discussion S42–S43

Abstract: This study examines the occurrence and related negative reactions and cardiovascular disease in COVID-19 patients with concomitant myocarditis. The positive correlation between LVM and BMI is expected to be lost when LVMI is tested because LVMI is corrected for BSA. Both LVM and LVMI had a significant negative correlation with fractional shortening as a measure of LV performance. LVMI was predicted by 3 factors: age (positive interaction), endocardial fractional shortening (negative interaction), and heart rate-corrected augmentation index (c-AIx; negative interaction). These findings are consistent with those of the Framingham Heart Study, which identified the positive associations of LVM with age, BMI, and systolic blood pressure. The results of this study recommend that COVID-19 patients who develop recent myocarditis are related with a substantially higher risk of death from all causes, compared to patients with COVID-19 alone.

Keywords: COVID-19, Myocarditis, vaccines, prevalence

[1]. Bozkurt, B., Kamat, I., & Hotez, P. J. (2021). Myocarditis with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Circulation, 144(6), 471-484.
[2]. Buckley, B. J., Harrison, S. L., Fazio‐Eynullayeva, E., Underhill, P., Lane, D. A., & Lip, G. Y. (2021). Prevalence and clinical outcomes of myocarditis and pericarditis in 718,365 COVID‐19 patients. European journal of clinical investigation, 51(11), e13679.
[3]. Daniels, C. J., Rajpal, S., Greenshields, J. T., Rosenthal, G. L., Chung, E. H., Terrin, M., ... & Big Ten COVID-19 Cardiac Registry Investigators. (2021). Prevalence of clinical and subclinical myocarditis in competitive athletes with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection: Results from the big ten COVID-19 cardiac registry. JAMA cardiology.
[4]. Golpour, A., Patriki, D., Hanson, P. J., McManus, B., & Heidecker, B. (2021). Epidemiological impact of myocarditis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(4), 603.
[5]. Halushka, M. K., & Vander Heide, R. S. (2020). Myocarditis is rare in COVID-19 autopsies: Cardiovascular findings across 277 post-mortem examinations. Cardiovascular Pathology, 107300.

Abstract: Background: Suprascapular entrapment neuropathy can occur due to compression of suprascapular nerve at suprascapular notch or spinoglenoid notch, suprascapular notch being more frequently involved. Knowledge of anatomical variations in shapes of suprascapular notch is crucial for clinicians for an early diagnosis and management of such neuropathies. Materials and Methods: Present study was done to find out various shapes of suprascapular notch on 118 scapulae collected from the department of anatomy R.N.T. Medical College, Udaipur (Rajasthan).
Results: Based on Rengachery et al classification, type I suprascapular notch or absence of notch was the most prevalent (30%) type of notch, followed by type II suprascapular notch (21%) in our study. Conclusion: Suprascapular nerve entrapment is an infrequent lesion but an undiagnosed lesion can proceed to atrophy of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle.

Keywords: Suprascapular notch, Entrapment neuropathy.

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[5]. Tubbs, R.S.; Nechtman, C.; Shoja, M.M.; Mortazavi, M.M.; Rozzelle, C.J.; Spinner, R.J.; D'Antoni, A.V.; Loukas, M. Ossification of the suprascapular ligament: A risk factor for suprascapular nerve compression? Int. J. Shoulder Surg.2013, 7, 19–22.

Abstract: Internal hernia is a rare form of hernia. Acquired internal hernia with acute small bowel obstruction is a very very rare presentation. We present here a 65 years old female with previous history of gynecologic surgery presenting with acute intestinal obstruction. Surgery revealed internal herniation of a loop of proximal ileum via a rent in the sigmoid mesocolon. No similar case has been found in medical literature.

Keywords: obstructed internal hernia, transmesosigmoid, transmesocolic, postoperative internal hernia.

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Abstract: Background: Globally, about 5% of individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are co-infected with hepatitis D virus (HDV). Both viruses have similar routes of transmission but vertical transmission from mother to child is less important while sexual and percutaneous transmission are more effective routes of HDV transmission. There is however, paucity of data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for HDV in our environment. This study thus aimed to assess the association of HDV infection with socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for infection among HBV infected individuals attending a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.........

Keywords: hepatitis D virus; hepatitis B virus; risk factors; socio-demographic; Nigeria

[1]. Dastgerdi ES, Herbers U, Tacke F. Molecular and clinical aspects of hepatitis D virus infections. World J Virol. 2012;1(3):71-78. doi:10.5501/wjv.v1.i3.71.
[2]. Souda S, Mwita JC, Cainelli F, Mannathoko NB, Anderson M, Moyo S. Seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B, C and D virus infection amongst patients with features of hepatitis in a referral hospital in Botswana: A cross-sectional study. S Afr J Infect Dis. 2021;36(1): a275. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v36i1.275
[3]. Olayinka AT, Oyemakinde A, Balogun MS, Ajuda A, Nguku P, Aderinola M, Eguenu-Oladejo A, Ajisegiri SW, Sha'aibu S, Musa BOP, Gidado S, Nasidi A. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B infection in Nigeria: A national survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016; 95: 902–907.
[4]. Onyekwere CA, Audu RA, Duro-Emmanuel F, Ige FA. Hepatitis D infection in Nigeria. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2012; 31: 34-35.
[5]. Abdulkareem LO Ndububa DA Uhunmwangho AO Yunusa T. Hepatitis D virus antibodies and liver function profile among patients with chronic hepatitis B infection in Abuja, Nigeria. J Infect Dev Ctries 2021; 15(1):141-146. doi:10.3855/jidc.13127

Abstract: Missing teeth which are not replaced by dentures will cause functional and aesthetic problems to the patient. Generally, patients who lose one or more teeth can be rehabilitated by fixed partial dentures (FPD). Increasing patient's need for aesthetics, biocompatibility in FPD manufacturing and weakness of metal has accelerated the development of alternatives from metal restoration materials to full ceramic materials. However, the strength of full ceramic remains a problem for long-term restoration; connector fractures is one of full ceramic materials' disadvantages. Other alternative material for FPD manufacture is Polyethereterketone (PEEK). The derivatives of this polymer showed biocompatibility, which has been demonstrated in in-vitro and in-vivo studies...........

Keywords: Fixed partial denture, Polietheretherketone, Stress distribution

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[4]. Pineda, E.; Escobar, J; Latorre, F.; Villarraga J. COMPARISON OF THE RESISTANCE OF THREE CERAMIC SYSTEMS IN ANTERIOR FIXED PROSTHETIC Segments . a FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 1 and masticatory function . 1 A possible treatment which are intended to restore lost teeth structure by mm 2 in area — which is diffi. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq [Internet]. 2013;25:75. Available from: http://tesis.udea.edu.co/handle/10495/4459
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Abstract: Periampullary carcinoma accounts for the majority of pancreaticoduodenectomies at our institute. The ampulla of Vater tumors incidence rate is about 0.53 /1 lakh population per year(1). Among the gastrointestinal tract malignancies, periampullary cancers account for 5 %(2). A periampullary carcinoma is defined as – one that is arising in the region of the ampulla of Vater within 2cm of it, maybe from one of four origins- pancreas, bile duct, the ampulla & it's surrounding duodenal part. Surgical series related to periampullary tumors have demonstrated that patients with ampullary tumors have a better prognosis as compared to those with pancreatic or bile duct tumors(3,4,5,6).........

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Abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and results in a range of severity of symptoms varying from fever, cough, cold, breathlessness to fatal pneumonia, sepsis, organ failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation etc. Owing to altered physiology and immunological mechanisms in the body, pregnant women are at a higher risk of acquiring the infection. A substantial number of patients have developed serious life-threatening complications of the disease which prompts us to search for factors that may have contributed towards clinical deterioration of the pregnant women as well as the fetus. Out of the total 300 and counting COVID-19 positive ANC and PNC patients being treated at our tertiary care hospital, around twelve have required ventilatory support in the COVID ICU and eight have succumbed to the deadly infection. We found similar findings of raised blood sugar levels in five of these cases, hence the analysis of this case series report.

Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus, pregnancy, hyperglycemia, obstetrics, mortality

[1]. Wastnedge E, Reynolds R, van Boeckel S, Stock S, Denison F, Maybin J et al. Pregnancy and COVID-19. Physiological Reviews. 2021;101(1):303-318 [2]. Chen M, Zeng J, Liu X, Sun G, Gao Y, Liao J, Yu J, Luo X, Qi H. Changes in physiology and immune system during pregnancy and coronavirus infection: A review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020 Dec;255: 124-128. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.035. Epub 2020 Oct 16. PMID: 33125977; PMCID: PMC7566677. [3]. Antonakou A. The latest update on the effects of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy. European Journal of Midwifery. 2020;4(April) [4]. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. National Institutes of Health. Available at https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/. Accessed 15/07/2021 [5]. Clinical Guidance on Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes at COVID-19 Patient Management facility. Version 2.0. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/ClinicalGuidanceonDiagnosisandManagementofDiabetesatCOVID19PatientManagementfacility.pdf Accessed 03/08/2021.

Abstract: Background: The primary management of colorectal malignancy is radical resection of the tumour bearing recto sigmoid area with or without anastomosis. Although radical resection is the main stay of therapy, surgery alone has a high local recurrence rates of 30-50%(1). A multi-disciplinary approach that includes colorectal surgery, medical oncology and radiation oncology is required for optimal treatment of patients with recto sigmoid carcinoma. Rectal adenocarcinomas are sensitive to ionising radiation. Radiation therapy can be delivered preoperatively, intraoperatively or postoperatively and with or without chemotherapy. Main aim of our study is to assess the role of preoperative short course radiotherapy in diagnosed cases of recto sigmoid carcinoma in respect of surgical resectability, histopathologically negative resection margins, increase anal salvage in lower rectal malignant lesions, intra operative blood loss and post operative complications........

Keywords: Rectal carcinoma, Short course radiotherapy.

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Abstract: Introduction: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is the most common ligamentous injury around the knee and has been studied extensively all over the world in the past 20yrs.The Anterior Cruciate Ligament is the weaker of the two cruciate ligaments and therefore may be it tears easier than the Posterior Cruciate Ligament.Anterior knee instability associated with rupture of the ACL is a disabling clinical problem. In this study we used different graft options for reconstruction of ACL tear using Hamstringand Peroneus longus graft and their functional outcome was compared. Material & Methods: In this Prospective........

Keywords: Arthroscopy, ACL, HS,Hamstring, Peroneus, PT

[1]. Paschos NK, Howell SM. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: principles of treatment. EFORT Open Rev. 2016;1(11):398–408. doi:10.1302/2058-5241.1.160032.
[2]. Mader K, Pennig D, Dargel J, Gotter M, Koebke J, Schmidt-Wiethoff R. Biomechanics of the anterior cruciate ligament and implications for surgical reconstruction. Strateg Trauma Limb Reconstr. 2007;2:1–12. doi:10.1007/s11751-007-0016-6.
[3]. Cerulli G, Placella G, Sebastiani E, Tei MM, Speziali A, Manfreda F. ACL Reconstruction: Choosing the Graft. Joints. 2013;1(1):18-24. Published 2013 Jun 12.
[4]. Acaulay AA, Perfetti DC, Levine WN. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Choices. Sports Health. 2012;4(1):63–8.doi:10.1177/1941738111409890
[5]. F. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hamstring Tendons Has no Deleterious Effect onHip Extension Strength. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2019;7(3):278–83

Abstract: Subtalar dislocation is a rare injury. Lateral variety is exceptionally encountered. It is usually the result of high energy trauma. Delayed diagnosis and management may lead to poor results. We report a case of lateral subtaler dislocation secondary to low velocity mechanism in a 30 years old woman, who underwent orthopedic treatment with satisfying functional outcomes at one year follow up. Mots clés : luxation sous talienne, latérale, basse énergie

Keywords: subtalar dislocation, lateral, low velocity

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