iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2022

Abstract: Background: COVID-19 became one of the most rapidly spreading disease in the world, being declared a pandemic in the early 2020. India faced 2 waves of rapidly increased cases, with the omicron variant emerging as a cause for the third wave. While nearly one half of the Indian population is double vaccinated, we still have a long way to go. Clinical observations suggested a possible relationship between the ABO blood group type and COVID-19 infection and severity rates. However, there is not much data on the Indian population, hence this observational study was conducted to assess the possibility of this said relationship, and guide further regarding its impact........

Key Word: ABO blood group, Rh antigen, COVID-19 susceptibility, Indian population, severity of infection

[1]. Chen N Zhou M Dong X et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; (published online Jan 29.) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
[2]. Batool Z, Durrani SH, Tariq S. Association Of Abo And Rh Blood Group Types To Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hiv And Syphilis Infection, A Five Year' Experience In Healthy Blood Donors In A Tertiary Care Hospital. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2017 Jan-Mar;29(1):90-92.
[3]. Lindesmith L, Moe C, Marionneau S, Ruvoen N, Jiang X, Lindblad L, Stewart P, LePendu J, Baric R. Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection.J Nat Med. 2003 May;9(5):548-53. Epub 2003 Apr 14.
[4]. Cheng Y, Cheng G, Chui CH, Lau FY, Chan PK, Ng MH, Sung JJ, Wong RS. ABO blood group and susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome. JAMA. 2005 Mar 23;293(12):1450-1.
[5]. S. Padhi, S. Suvankar, D. Dash, V.K. Panda, A. Pati, J. Panigrahi, A.K. Panda, ABO blood group system is associated with COVID-19 mortality: an epidemiological investigation in the Indian population, Transfus. Clin. Biol. 27 (4) (2020) 253–258, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2020.08.009.

Abstract: Introduction: Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation of Rockwood type-IV to VI is painful and can be treated by surgery using hook plate. The aim of this study was to find the outcome of the surgery done to treat ACJ dislocation using hook plate in Nepalese people. Methods: Retrospective review study of the 37 patients who underwent surgery with the hook plate for fixing ACJ dislocation. Implants were removed after 12-16 weeks, and treatment outcome was measured by UCLA score which had scale ranging from 0-35. Higher the score, better the outcome.Result: Road traffic accident was the cause of ACJ in 56.8% of the patients and the median UCLA score after the implant removal was 30 (27-33). Excellent outcome was seen in 48.65% and poor outcome was seen in only 2 (5.41%) patients. No complication was observed in 58.33% cases while osteolysis was reported in 27.78% and pain was reported by 2 patients. Conclusion: Treatment of ACJ dislocation by surgery using hook plate is effective in Nepalese people.

Keywords: Rockwood; Acromioclavicular joint; Hook Plate;UCLA Score

[1]. Shaw MB, McInerney JJ, Dias JJ, Evans PA. Acromioclavicular joint sprains: the post-injury recovery interval. Injury. 2003;34(6):438-42.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1383(02)00187-0
[2]. Kienast B, Thietje R, Queitsch C, Gille J, Schulz A, Meiners J. Mid-term results after operative treatment of rockwood grade III-V acromioclavicular joint dislocations with an AC-hook-plate. European journal of medical research. 2011;16(2):52-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-783X-16-2-52 [PMid:21463981 PMCid:PMC3353421]
[3]. Yoon JP, Lee B-J, Nam SJ, Chung SW, Jeong W-J, Min W-K, et al. Comparison of results between hook plate fixation and ligament reconstruction for acute unstable acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Clinics in orthopedic surgery. 2015;7(1):97-103. https://doi.org/10.4055/cios.2015.7.1.97 [PMid:25729525 PMCid:PMC4329540]
[4]. Gorbaty JD, Hsu JE, Gee AO. Classifications in brief: Rockwood classification of acromioclavicular joint separations. Springer; 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-016-5079-6 [PMid:27637619 PMCid:PMC5174051]
[5]. Longo UG, Lamberti A, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Tissue engineered biological augmentation for tendon healing: a systematic review. British medicalbulletin.2011;98(1):31-59.https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldq030https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldx003

Abstract: Background: Propofol, Etomidate and Thiopental are often used as an anesthetic agent for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). ECT involves application of electric stimulus for a brief time in psychiatric patients to induce generalized seizure. The purpose of our study was to compare recovery time from anesthesia. Aims & Objectives: To compare recovery time of patient after ECT with propofol, etomidate & thiopental as measured by the post anesthetic Recovery Score of Aldrete and Kroulik [1], using three different types aforementioned anesthetic/ hypnotic drugs. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patients in the age group of 18-60 years of either sex, who had to undergo ECT therapy were divided randomly into three equal groups. Group A received propofol 1.0 - 1.5 mg/Kg intravenous (IV), Group B received etomidate 0.2 mg/Kg IV, and Group C received thiopentone 2.0 -3.0 mg/ Kg IV......

Key word: Anesthesia, electro-convulsive therapy, etomidate, propofol, sodium-thiopentone

[1]. Aldrete JA, Kroulik D. A post anesthetic recovery score. Anesth Analg. 1970;49(6):924-34.
[2]. Scott AIF (ed) et al. The ECT Handbook Second Edition: The Third Report of the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Special Committee on ECT". Royal College of Psychiatrists. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
[3]. Psychology Frontiers and Applications – MW Passer, RE Smith, ML Atkinson, JB Mitchell.7th Canadian edition. McGraw-Hill Education, 2020.
[4]. American Psychiatric Association. The practice of electroconvulsive therapy: recommendations for treatment, training, and privileging. A task force report of the American Psychiatric Association. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press; 2001.

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 posed a health care emergency putting a lot of strain on the hospitals . This study determined the duration of viral clearance in upper respiratory tract specimens. METHODS: This retrospective analysis was done in COVID-19 hospitalized patients from a tertiary care hospital, UP. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were obtained for analyzing the viral shedding pattern by RT- PCR. RESULTS: During the study period of two months, among the 691 patients admitted to the hospital the median viral clearance time seen for 63% of patients was around 21 days. Followed by 25% in the 4th week, 3% in the 5th and 2% went on till 6th week for viral clearance. Delayed admissions to the hospital showed severe conditions with worse treatment outcomes.....

KEYWORDS: rT-PCR, SARS CoV-2, viral clearance time.

[1]. Hu X, Xing Y, Jia J, Ni W, Liang J, Zhao D, Song X, Gao R, Jiang F. Factors associated with negative conversion of viral RNA in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Science of the Total Environment. 2020 Aug 1;728:138812.
[2]. Samrah SM, Al-Mistarehi AH, Kewan T, Al-Khatib SM, Ibnian AM, Samrah RS, Khassawneh BY. Viral clearance course of COVID-19 Outbreaks. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. 2021;14:555
[3]. Gallo Marin B, Aghagoli G, Lavine K, Yang L, Siff EJ, Chiang SS, Salazar‐Mather TP, Dumenco L, Savaria MC, Aung SN, Flanigan T. Predictors of COVID‐19 severity: A literature review. Reviews in medical virology. 2021 Jan;31(1):1-0.
[4]. Benoni R, Campagna I, Panunzi S, Varalta MS, Salandini G, De Mattia G, Turrina G, Moretti F, Cascio GL, Spiteri G, Porru S. Estimating COVID-19 recovery time in a cohort of Italian healthcare workers who underwent surveillance swab testing. Public Health. 2021 Jul 1;196:52-8.
[5]. Widders A, Broom A, Broom J. SARS-CoV-2: the viral shedding vs infectivity dilemma. Infection, disease & health. 2020 Aug 1;25(3):210-5.

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate perception about self-medication practices for oral health problems among the general population of Chennai and Tiruvallur districts. Materials and method: A Cross-sectional survey was conducted among 325 people in Tiruvallur and Chennai districts. Data were collected through specially designed proforma using a closed-ended, self-administrated questionnaire containing 10 questions. Results: Response rate of the survey was 100%. Self-medication and nondoctor prescription were found to be obvious and at an alarming rate of 67%. Among reasons.........

Key Word: Chennai, Tiruvallur, Oral health, Self-medication

[1]. Giriraju, Anjan. "Perception about self-medication practices for oral health problems among the general population of Davangere city, Karnataka, India." Journal of Indian Association Of Public Health Dentistry 12.3 (2014): 219.
[2]. Sunny, Tittu Pulikkottil, et al. "Self-medication: Is a serious challenge to control antibiotic resistance?." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 9.9 (2019): 821-827.
[3]. Selvaraj, Kalaiselvi, S. Ganesh Kumar, and Archana Ramalingam. "Prevalence of self-medication practices and its associated factors in Urban Puducherry, India." Perspectives in Clinical Research 5.1 (2014): 32.
[4]. Bhattarai, Rosina, Sunita Khanal, and Sujita Shrestha. "Prevalence of Self-medication Practices for Oral Health Problems among Dental Patients in a dental college: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." JNMA: Journal of the Nepal Medical Association 58.224 (2020): 209.
[5]. AlQahtani, Haif A., et al. "Self-medication for oral health problems among adults attending the University Dental Hospital, Sharjah." Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 14.4 (2019): 370-375.

Abstract: Background: Endometrial carcinoma is currently the commonest gynaecological malignancy, of which postmenopausal bleeding is the commonest presentation. As of now there is no recommendation for an ideal screening technique in endometrial carcinoma. Hence an efficient non-invasive screening as well as diagnostic tool is the need of the hour as early diagnosis and adequate treatment has been proven to be quite productive in providing good survival benefits. Objectives: Diagnostic evaluation of transvaginal Doppler sonographic study in differentiating benign and malignant endometrial conditions in postmenopausal bleeding........

Keywords: Postmenopausal bleeding, transvaginal Doppler study, endometrial thickness, vascular patterns, RI, PI, PSV

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[4]. Weber G, Merz F, Bahlmann E, Rosch B. Evaluation of different transvaginal sonographic parameters in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1998;12:265–70.
[5]. Dijkhuizen FP, Brölmann HA, Potters AE, Bongers MY, Heinz AP. The accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrial abnormalities. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;87:345–9..

Abstract: AIM: This study to understand the attitudes towards COVID 19 vaccines, hesitancy to accept it and the source of encouragement they received. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a community based cross sectional study in urban and rural communities among 368 persons who had been vaccinated and also those who have not been vaccinated. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed with a google survey tool....

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[3]. Kumar VM, Pandi-Perumal SR, Trakht I, Thyagarajan SP. Strategy for COVID-19 vaccination in India: the country with the second highest population and number of cases. NPJ Vaccines. 2021;6(1):1–7
[4]. Danabal KG, Magesh SS, Saravanan S, Gopichandran V. Attitude towards COVID 19 vaccines and vaccine hesitancy in urban and rural communities in Tamil Nadu, India–a community based survey. BMC Health Services Research. 2021 Dec;21(1):1-0.
[5]. Elgendy MO, El-Gendy AO, Abdelrahim ME. Public awareness in Egypt about COVID-19 spread in the early phase of the pandemic. Patient education and counseling. 2020 Dec 1;103(12):2598-601

Abstract: Postoperative vomiting (POV) is approximately twice as frequent amongst children as adults with an incidence of 13-42% in all paediatric patients. [ 1,2] Severe POV can result in a range of complications including wound dehiscense, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and pulmonary aspiration.[3] It is one of the leading causes of parental distress after surgery and is the leading cause of unanticipated hospital admission following ambulatory surgery resulting in increased health care costs.[ 4,5] Importantly, no research has focused on the children's perspective of postoperative vomiting , and whether they perceive this symptom with the same distress and loathing as adults.[6] Identifying children at high risk......

[1]. Lerman J. Surgical and patient factors involved in postoperative nausea & vomiting. Br J Anaesth 1992; 69(suppl 1): 24S-32S
[2]. Rose JB, Watcha MF. Postoperative nausea & vomiting in paediatric patients. Br J Anaesth 1999; 83(1): 104-117
[3]. Olutoye O, Watcha MF. Management of postoperative vomiting in paediatric patients. Int Anaesthesiol Clinics 2003; 41(4): 99-117
[4]. D'Errico C, Voepel-Lewis TD, Siewert M et al. Prolonged recovery stay and unplanned Admission of the paediatric surgical outpatient: an observational study. J Clin Anesth 1998; 10: 482-487
[5]. Patel RI, Hannallah RS. Anesthetic complications following pediatric ambulatory surgery. Anesthesiology 1988; 69: 1009-1012

Abstract: Introduction: Vesico vaginal fistula (VVF) is almost a preventable disease but most of the cases are incurable. VVF is very difficult to treat satisfactorily because it needs very sophisticated and delicate operation in the hands of specialized gynecologist in well-equipped hospital. More over treatment in Bangladesh is costly and time consuming, where 85% people are living in rural areas with minimum health care facilities. So, the objectives of the present study was to find the risk factors and surgical outcome of VVF patients in our context.
Methods: This study was carried out among 60 patients suffering from vesico vaginal fistula who were admitted in fistula unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. This.....

Keywords: Risk Factors, Surgical Outcome, Fistula

[1]. Mitra SN, Ali MN, Islam S, Cross AR, Saha T. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2004. NIPORT, Mitra and Associates and ORC Macro International Inc. 2005.
[2]. Islam F, Begum RA, Begum A. Genital Fistual: A continuing obstetric hazard in Bangladesh. Bangladesh journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 1991; 6(2):53-63.
[3]. Kabir M, Iliyasu Z, Abubakar IS, Umar UI. Medico-social problems of patients with vesicovaginal fistula in Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano. Annals of African Medicine. 2003; 2(2):54 - 7.
[4]. Hilton P. Vesico-vaginal fistulas in developing countries. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2003; 82(3):285-95.
[5]. Tahzib F. Epidemiological determinants of vesicovaginal fistulas. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1983; 90(5):387-91.

Abstract: Background: Primary rectal carcinoma is the most common malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. We present our comparative findings in preoperative pelvic MRI for Loco-Regional Stag of primary Rectal Carcinoma. Methodology: The study was carried out on all patients with clinically and Histopathologically proven rectal carcinoma admitted in surgery department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from April 2015-October 2015. It was observed that 10-15 patients fulfill the inclusion criteria in one month. The total duration of the study was 6 month and the population size 70 that was roughly estimated. The data were entered into computer and statistical analysis of the results being obtained by using windows-based......

Keywords: Preoperative Pelvic, Rectal Carcinoma, Histopathology Report

[1]. Ahmetoğlu, A., Cansu, A., and Baki, D. 2011, MDCT with multiplanar reconstruction in the meoperative local staging of rectal tumor. Abdom Imaging; vol. 36, pp.37-7.
[2]. Al-Sukhni, E., Milot, L., and Fruitman, M. 2012, Diagnostic accuracy of MRI for assessment of T category, lymph node metastases, and circumferential resection margin involvement in patients with rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann SurgOncol; vol.19: pp. 2212–11.
[3]. Akasu, T., Iinuma, G., and Takawa, M. 2009, Accuracy of high-resolution magnetic resonanceimaging in preoperative staging of rectal cancer. Ann SurgOncol; 16:2787–7.
[4]. Beets-Tan, R.G.H., Beets, G.L. 2004, 'Rectal cancer: review with emphasis on mrimaging', Radiology, vol. 232, no. 2, pp. 335–11.
[5]. Bellin, MF., Beigelman, C., Precetti-Morel, S. 2000, Iron oxide-enhanced MR lymphography:initial experience.Eur J Radiol; 34: 257–7.

Abstract: Pituicytoma previously known as Infundibuloma or posterior pituitary astrocytoma, is a rare tumor of the sellar and suprasellar region. This tumor is considered as a benign lesion without any malignant transformation reported to date. Given its rarity, this lesion must be recognized and distinguished from the other most common suprasellar tumors. We report two cases of pituicytomas, clinically imitating a macroadenoma, with a brief review of the literature..

Keywords: pituicytoma, sellar region, endoscopic approach

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[2]. Shah B, Lipper MH, Laws ER, Lopes MB and Spellman MJ Jr: Posterior pituitary astrocytoma: A rare tumor of the neurohy- pophysis: A case report. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26: 1858‐1861, 2005.
[3]. Brat DJ, Scheithauer BW, Fuller GN, Tihan T. Newly codified glial neoplasms of the 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system: angiocentric glioma, pilomyxiod astrocytoma and pituicytoma. Brain Pathol 2007;17:319-24.
[4]. David N. Louis Arie, Perry Guido Reifenberger, Andreas von Deimling, Dominique Figarella Branger, Webster K. Cavenee, Hiroko Ohgaki, Otmar D.Wiestler, Paul Kleihues David, W. Ellison, The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary Acta Neuropathol,February 2016, DOI 10.1007/s00401-016-1545-1.
[5]. Xiaoyu Yang, Xiaoliang Liu, Wensen Li, Dawei Chen, Pituicytoma: A report of three cases and literature review, Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China Received, oncology letters, July 2, 2015; Accepted June 27, 2016 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5119