iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2022

Abstract: Anaemia is commonest medical disorder in pregnancy. Anaemia among pregnant women is a serious global health concern. According to World Health Organization (WHO) report, about 32.4 million pregnant women suffer from anaemia worldwide, of which 0.8 million women are severely anaemic. Moreover, 50% cases of anaemia are attributable to iron deficiency anemia (IDA). WHO defines anaemia in pregnant women as haemoglobin level < 11 gm/dl and a hematocrit of < 0.33.Anaemia in postpartum females is defined as Hb less than 10 g/dl by WHO. The FOGSI-WHO has estimated that prevalence of anaemia in developed and developing countries in pregnant women as 14% and 51% respectively and 65-75 per cent in India. The main causes of anaemia in developing countries include: inadequate.....

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Abstract: With the increase in patient pool of liver cirrhosis patients need for oesophageal varices screening surged. So in our study we aimed to discover a less invasive and cheaper method for screening. Many studies were analysed and thoroughly searched and it was found that ratio of platelet count and spleen diameter can be used as an alternative to upper GI endoscopy in high risk patients.

Keywords: Liver cirrhosis, Oesophageal Varices, Ratio of platelet count to spleen diameter

[1]. E. Giannini, F. Borro et al.,"Platelet Count/spleen diameter ratio: proposal and validation of a non-invasive parameter to predict the presence of oesophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis, vol.52, no. 8, pp.1200-1205,2003".
[2]. Garceau AJ, Chalmers TC. The Boston Inter-Hospital Liver Group. The natural history of cirrhosis: I. Survival with Oesophageal Varices. N Engl J Med 1963;268:469-73.
[3]. Graham D, Smith JL. The course of patients after varicealhemorrhageGastroentrology 1981;80;800-9.
[4]. Rigo GP, Merighi A, ChalenJN,et al. A prospective study of the ability of three endoscopic classifications to predict hemorrhage from esophageal varices. GastrointestEndosc 1992;38;425-9.
[5]. Jensen DM. Endoscopic screening for varices in cirrhosing: findings, implications and outcomes. Gastroentrology 2002;122:1620-30.

Abstract: Background and objective: Our study was done to evaluate correlation of the clinical and radiological findings in CVA. Methods: A prospective observational study was done of 100 patients with provisional clinical diagnosis of recent stroke who underwent neuroimaging(CT/MRI). Patients with neurologic deficit due to head injury, suspected substance abuse and stroke mimics were excluded. Clinical findings were evaluated and tabulated independently and subsequently correlated with imaging finding from available patients' records. Results: The study showed male predominance (53%) and maximum number of patients belonged to 5th decade (Mean age-56.78 years) (29%).Infarcts...

Keywords: Cerebrovascular accident, Middle cerebral artery, Computed tomography, Magnetic resonance

[1]. Smith WS, Johnston SC,Easton JD. Cerebrovascular diseases.In: Harrison's principles of internal Medicine. Kasper DL,Fauci AS, Longo DN, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL(eds).21st Mc Graw Hill(New York) ,Volume 2 3068-3095
[2]. Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M et al. A prospective study of acute cerebro-vascular disease in community. The Oxford shire community stroke project, 1981-86.
[3]. Sharad M Malvadkar, Madhuri S Malvadkar, Shilpa V Domkundwar, Shivraj Ingole. A clinico-radiological profile of the patients with cerebral ischemia at tertiary health care centre. MedPulse- International Medical Journal. July 2016;3(7):700-704.
[4]. Chirayuv. vaidya, a restrospective study of clinical profile of stroke patients from GMERS medical college and hospital, Gujarat, international journal of clinical trials, vol 1 no 2 2014
[5]. Asefa et al, CT and clinical correlation of stroke diagnosis, pattern and clinical outcome among stroke patients visiting tikuranbessa hospital, Ethiopia medical journal April 2010 p:117-122..

Abstract: Background: Heat-Cured Acrylic Resin is one of the most commonly used materials for making denture bases. However, this material has low impact strength, causing the denture base to break easily when it hits the floor. This can be overcome by adding reinforcing materials in the form of E-glass fibers and polyethylene fibers because they have good aesthetics, are resistant to moisture and chemicals, and are easy to manipulate. As the length of use in the oral cavity, the denture base is exposed to food and beverages at different temperatures, which affects mechanical......

Keywords: Acrylic Resin, reinforced material, E-glass, UHMWPE, impact strength, thermocycling

[1]. Nallaswamy D. Textbook of Prosthodontics. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers,2003:4-5.
[2]. Carr AB, McGivney GP, Brown DT. 2011, McCracken's Removable Partial Prosthodontics.12th ed., Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby. 2011:106-7.
[3]. Zarb dkk. 2004, Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patient: Complete Dentures and Implant-Supported Prostheses, 12th., Philadelphia: Mosby;190-207.
[4]. McCabe JF, Walls AWG. Applied dental materials. 9th ed., Munksgaard: Blackwell. 2007:110-23.
[5]. Dikbas I, Gurbuz O, Unalan F, Koksal T. Impact strength of denture polymethyl methacrylate reinforced with different forms of E-glass fibers. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2013; 71:727-32.

Abstract: BACKGROUND :-There is high incidence of respiratory tract infections in post graduate resident doctors in most tertiary care hospital, In that COVID 19 is the major cause of working hours loss in post graduate medical resident doctors. Doctors are at the frontline of healthcare delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic and are most likely to get infection. The doctors treating and interacting with patients during these times are at a very high risk of contracting the infection, leading to a possible higher chance of infection.Other respiratory tract infection like tuberculosis is also common because there are more exposure with tuberculosis patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS :- We evaluated a total of 60 resident doctors from Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose medical college, Jabalpur who met the inclusion...

Keywords: incidence and epidemiological profile of respiratory tract infections among residents

[1]. CDC. National action plan to combat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. MMWR 1992; 41 (No. RR-11): 1– 48.
www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031159.htm
[2]. Public Sector Resident Doctors' Knowledge and Practices Amidst COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
[3]. Rao KG, Aggarwal AN, Behera D. Tuberculosis among physicians in training. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease. 2004 Nov 1;8(11):1392-4.
[4]. Rao SA, Kadhiravan T, Swaminathan RP, Mahadevan S. Occupational exposure and tuberculosis among medical residents in a high-burden setting: an open-cohort study. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2016 Sep 1;20(9):1162-7.
[5]. Dev N, Meena RC, Gupta DK, Gupta N, Sankar J. Risk factors and frequency of COVID-19 among healthcare workers at a tertiary care centre in India: a case–control study. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2021 May;115(5):551-6.

Abstract: Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a rare articular disorder which is characterised by synovial metaplasia with intra-articular proliferation of cartilaginous nodules originating from the synovial membrane. This disorder usually affects large joints and is rarely observed in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). SC is most commonly characterized by the presence of loose bodies in the glenoid fossa, causing swelling, unilateral TMJ pain, occlusal changes, clicking, crepitation, deviation and limited mandibular function. So, Radioimaging of the TMJ should be thoroughly investigated as symptoms may not be present or combined, taking months or even years to confirm a diagnosis. A case report of a patient whose diagnosis of Primary Synovial osteochondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint [TMJ] was primarily done on the basis of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging findings..

Keywords: Synovial osteochondromatosis, Reichel syndrome, temporo-mandibular joint, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging

[1]. Mandrioli S, Polito J, Denes SA, Clanser L: Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint. J Craniofac Surg 2007; 18:1486-1488.
[2]. Karlis V, Glickman RS, Zaslow M: Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint with intracranial extension. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 86:664-666.
[3]. Axhausen G: Pathologie und Therapie des Kiefergelenkes. Fortschr Zahnheilk 9:171, 1933
[4]. Reinish EI, Feinberg SE, Devaney K: Primary synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint with suspected traumatic etiology. Report of a case. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.1997;26:419-422.
[5]. Milgram JW: The classification of loose bodies in human joints. Clin Orthop 1977; 124:282-291.

Abstract: Background Antimicrobial resistance is among the top10 public health threats facing humanity1. Limited therapeutic options have led to resurgence in the use of older antibiotics once discarded because of their adverse affects. Colistin reuse began in the 1990s to tackle resistant gram negative bugs .Resistance to this mostly last resort drug has since emerged and is spreading quickly. Knowledge of local patterns of antibiotic resistance is vital to strategise management of severe resistant infections. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study in our hospital from October 2020 to September 2021.We retrieved Colistin resistant....

[1]. WHO Fact Sheet on Antimicrobial Resistance, October 2020
[2]. Davies J, Davies D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2010; 74(3):417-433. Doi:10.1128/MMBR.00016-10
[3]. Abraham, E., Chain, E. An Enzyme from Bacteria able to Destroy Penicillin. Nature 146, 837 (1940). Https://doi.org/10.1038/146837a0
[4]. WHO Global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics, February 2017.

Abstract: Background: Immunization is one of the major public health interventions for the protection of children from life-threatening conditions, which are preventable. Immunization is one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions of the 21st century preventing 2–3 million deaths from common childhood illnesses including diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and measles per year. Despite this, 22.6 million children are still not reached by routine immunization services. To evaluate immunization coverage in small health areas LQAS technique is most suitable for continuous programme monitoring as part of supervisory activities. Using this method it should be...

Keywords: Evaluation of Immunisation coverage, LQAS methodology, urban rural disparity

[1]. Krishna C. Coverage evaluation survey of the pentavalent vaccine using Global Positioning System technology and Google Earth in a rural area near Bangalore. 2017;(May).
[2]. Wiysonge CS, Uthman OA, Ndumbe PM, Hussey GD. A bibliometric analysis of childhood immunization research productivity in Africa since the onset of the Expanded Program on Immunization in 1974. BMC Med. 2013;11(1).
[3]. Oyo-Ita A, Wiysonge CS, Oringanje C, Nwachukwu CE, Oduwole O, Meremikwu MM. Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunization in low- and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(7).
[4]. 4-Mahapatra T. Vaccine coverage estimation using Global Positioning System and Google Earth A commentary. Ann Trop Med Public Health [serial online] 2017 [cited 2018Sep7];10295-6..pdf.
[5]. Mavimbe JC, Braa J, Bjune G. Assessing immunization data quality from routine reports in Mozambique. BMC Public Health. 2005;5:1–8..

Abstract: With advent of telemedicine use of diagnostic imaging modalities like CT Scan, MRI have been ubiquitously used in patients of all age groups. Children undergoing MRI radiological imaging studies often require sedation to avoid anxiety, motion artifacts. In pediatric patients there is also increased difficulty in gaining intravenous access, parental separation, and induction of anesthesia. [1] Sedation facilitates overcoming these difficulties, with midazolam being the most commonly used agent. There is a risk of respiratory depression with midazolam. Additional midazolam also has no analgesic action......

[1]. Bisset GS, 3rd, Ball WS., Jr Preparation, sedation, and monitoring of the pediatric patient in the magnetic resonance suite. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 1991;12:376–8.
[2]. Bergendahl H, Lönnqvist PA, Eksborg S. Clonidine: An alternative to benzodiazepines for premedication in children. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2005;18:608-13
[3]. Mason KP, Zgleszewski SE, Dearden JL, Dumont RS, Pirich MA, StarkCD, et al. Dexmedetomidine for pediatric sedation for computed tomography imaging studies. Anesth Analg 2006;103:57-62.
[4]. Mason KP, Lubisch N, Robinson F, Roskos R, Epstein MA. Intramuscular dexmedetomidine: An effective route of sedation preserves background activity for pediatric electroencephalograms. J Pediatr 2012;161:927-32.
[5]. Malinovsky JM, Populaire C, Cozian A, Lepage JY, Lejus C, Pinaud M. Premedication with midazolam in children. Effect of intranasal, rectal and oral routes on plasma midazolam concentrations. Anaesthesia 1995;50:351-4..

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effect of two different dental implant materials (Titanium _Zirconium implant, Titanium implant) retaining reinforced mandibular overdenture with early loading protocol on surrounding bone and soft tissue. Materials and methods: Six completely edentulous male patients aged 45-65 years were selected for this study. CBCT was used to evaluate bone quantity and quality, accordingly; all patient received complete dentures and the lower dentures were duplicated with clear acrylic resin to construct radiographic template which was used as a guide in construction of stereolithographic......

Keywords: Titanium-Zirconium implants, titanium implants, reinforced denture, early progressive loading protocol, locator attachments.

[1]. Ortensi L, Martinolli M, Borromeo C, Ceruso FM, Gargari M, Xhanari E, et al. Effectiveness of ball attachment systems in implant retained-and supported-overdentures: A three-to five-year retrospective examination. Dentistry journal. 2019;7(3):84.
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[4]. Carvalho TLL, Cavancanti de Albuquerque Araújo CA, Teófilo JM, Brentegani LG. Histologic and histometric evaluation of rat alveolar wound healing around polyurethane resin implants. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1997;26(2):149-52.
[5]. Li Y, Yang C, Zhao H, Qu S, Li X, Li Y. New Developments of Ti-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications. Materials (Basel). 2014;7(3):1709-800.

Abstract: (WHO)1,2 defines "any pregnancy from a girl who is 10-19 years of age", the age being defined as her age at the time the baby is born. They are grouped as younger adolescents when aged 10-14 years and adolescents as aged 15-19 years. Often the terms "Teenage pregnancy" and "Adolescent pregnancy" are used as synonyms.......

[1]. World Health Organization, United Nations Population Fund: Married adolescents: no place of safety. Geneva: WHO-UNFPA; 2006.
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[3]. WHO (2014). Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health: Adolescent pregnancy. Available from http:// www.who.int/ maternal child_adolescent/ topics /maternal/ adolescent pregnancy/en/.
[4]. Adhikari R. (2003) "Early marriage and childbearing: risks and consequences" World Health Organization, Geneva.
[5]. Barbara M. (2003) "Trends in the timing of first marriage" Paper presented at the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, WHO, Geneva, 9–12 December