iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2019

Abstract: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases in a clinical setting [1] It is also one ofthe most frequently occurring nosocomial infections[2] Approximately 35% of all hospital-acquired infections arecontributed by UTI [2,3]. Prevalence of UTI is 3% in girls and 1% in boys [4]. The incidence is greater in women as compared to men due to anatomical predisposition or large bacterial load in urothelial mucosa or other host factors including obstruction in theurinary tract, sexual activity, and pregnancy [5]. E. coli remains the commonest pathogen causing UTI which account for 75-90% and the rest are Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter...........

[1]. Alonto AM. Urinary tract infections. In: Mahon CR, Lehman DC, [1]Manuselis G. Textbook of diagnostic Microbiology. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2007
[2]. Ronald AR, Nicolle LE, Stamm E, et al. Urinary tractinfection in adults: research priorities and strategies. Int JAntimicrob Agents 2001; 17: 343-8.
[3]. Barisic´ Z, Babic´-Erceg A, Borzic´ El, et al. Urinary tractinfections in South Croatia: Aetiology and Antimicrobial.Intl J Antimicrob Agents 2003; 22: S61-S4.
[4]. Sharma A, Shrestha S, Upadhyay S, Rijal P. Clinical and [5]bacteriological profile of urinary tract infection in children at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. Nepal Med Coll J. 2011;13(1):24-26.
[5]. Sohail M, Khurshid M, Saleem HG, Javed H, Khan AA. Characteristics and antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens isolated from Punjab, Pakistan. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2015;8(7):01-04..

Abstract: Lymphoid tumours are the most common primary orbital malignancy in adults constituting about 10% of all orbital tumors1 and about 2% of all lymphomas.2 Lymphoma represents about 13% of primary malignant eyelid tumors.3 Orbital lymphoma may present as in localized form (orbit, lacrimal gland, lids, and conjunctiva) of systemic lymphoma . Majority of orbital lymphomas are non Hodgkin's type and are seen primarily in adults in the 50 to 70 year age group. Orbital lymphoma can affect the conjunctiva, eyelid, and orbit/lacrimal gland as well as the nasolacrimal drainage system. The reported frequencies of involvement in these sites are the conjunctiva 20–33%, orbit/lacrimal gland 46–74%..........

[1]. Ellis JH, Banks PM, Campbell RJ, liesegang TJ. Lymphoid tumors of the ocular adnexa: clinical correlation with the working formulation classification and immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin sections. Ophthalmology 1985;92:1311-1324
[2]. Hornblass A, Jakobeic FA, Reifler DM, et al. Orbital lymphoid tumors located predominantly within extraocular muscles. Ophthalmology 1987;94:688-697
[3]. Margo CE, Mulla ZD. Malignant tumors of the eyelid: a population-based study of non-basal cell and non-squamous cell malignant neoplasms. Arch Ophthalmol 1998; 116: 195–198
[4]. Knowles DM, Jakobiec FA, McNally L et al. Lymphoid hyperplasia and malignant lymphoma occurring in the ocular adnexa (orbit, conjunctiva, and eyelids): a prospective multiparametric analysis of 108 cases during 1977 to 1987. Hum Pathol 1990; 21: 959–973.
[5]. Coupland SE, Hellmich M, Auw-Haedrich C et al. Prognostic value of cell-cycle markers in ocular adnexal lymphoma: an assessment of 230 cases. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004; 242: 130–145

Abstract: Introduction: Abdominal trauma accounts for a large number of deaths around the world. The rapid growth of automobile industry and increase in crime has caused rapid increase in number of victims of blunt abdominal trauma. Management of blunt abdominal trauma depends on carefully judging patients for whom laparotomy might benecessary. Methods: This Observational study was a prospective study of 30 cases of blunt abdominal injuries during the period from May 2017 to August 2018 in New Civil Hospital attached to Government Medical College, Surat. Objective:To observe the outcome of the patients in view of need for laparotomy and to assess the solid organ injuries through CASS-Clinical Abdominal Scoring System...........

Key Words: Abdominal trauma, ambulance, CASS, laparotomy, Time of presentation

[1]. PeymanErfantalab-Avini, NimaHafezi-Nejad, MojtabaChardoli* and VafaRahimi-Movaghar, Evaluating clinical abdominal scoring system in predicting the necessity of laparotomy in blunt abdominal trauma, Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2011; 14(3), 156-160.
[2]. Raafat Y. Afifi, Blunt Abdominal Trauma : Back to Clinical Judgement in the era of Modern Technology, International Journal of Surgery (London, England), (2008) 6, 91-95
[3]. Van der Vlies et al, Changing patterns in diagnostic strategies and the treatment of blunt injury to solid abdominal organs, International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011 4, 47.
[4]. Dr. T. Vanitha,Prospective Study Comparing The Clinical Abdominal Scoring System (Cass) With Blunt Abdominal Trauma Severity Scoring (Batss) In Predicting The Necessity of Laparotomy. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)Volume 17, Issue 3 Ver.16 March. (2018), PP 25-33
[5]. L.D. Britt, Robert A. Maxwell, Management of Abdominal Trauma; in Maingot's Abdominal Operations. 12th edition(2013). P247-253.

Abstract: Aim and Objective: To study the complications and conversion rate in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a tertiary care centre of kumaon region of uttarakhand. Material and Method: This was a prospective study done from Nov.2013 to Sept.2015 in department of general surgery Dr. Susheela Tiwari Government Medical College and Hospital Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand. The patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this study. Total number of patients was 100 and included both, admitted either as routine or emergency cases. Results: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is......

Key words: Complications, conversion rate , laparoscopic cholecystectomy ,GMC Haldwani.

[1]. Palanivelu C, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. In: Parthasarathi R editor. Art of Laparoscopic Surgery- Textbook and Atlas. 1st ed. India: Jaya Publications; 2005. P.555-83.
[2]. Udwadia TE. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In: Udwadia TE, editor. Laparoscopic surgery in Developing Countries. 1st ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers; 1997 p. 84-6.
[3]. A ntonio B Francis G, Stalpart Ven Der Weil. Carl Langenbech and the first cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 1976; 132:81-82.
[4]. Lal P. Agarwal PN, Malik VK, Chakarvarti AL. A difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy that requires conversion to open procedure can be predicted by preoperative ultrasonography.JSLS 2002; 6 (1) :59-63.
[5]. Hunter JG, TrusT, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.In: Nyhus LM, Baker RJ, Fischer JE editors. Mastery of surgery. 3rd ed. Boston: Little Brown and company 1997:p.1098...

Abstract: With a number of patients opting for orthodontic therapy for esthetic reasons, it becomes necessary to evaluate the resulting effects of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal tissues. In many cases, orthodontic tooth movement improves the periodontal conditions, and also, periodontal therapy often facilitates orthodontic tooth movement. The orthodontic treatment for the patients need to be carefully planned and carried out in order to prevent unwanted effects on the periodontium. So it is of great importance to determine the need and consequences of interdisciplinary periodontal-orthodontic approach in order maintain harmonious periodontal and orthodontic relation and bring out the best results for the patient. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss in detail the effects of various orthodontic forces on the periodontal tissues

Key words: Orthodontic forces, periodontal tissues, excessive,infrabony, recession

[1]. Towfighi PP, Brunsvold MA, Storey AT, Arnold RM, Willman DE, McMahan CA. Pathologic migration of anterior teeth in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. J Periodontol 1997: 68: 967–972.
[2]. Proffit WR. Equilibrium theory revisited: factors influencing position of the teeth. Angle Orthod 1978: 48: 175–186.
[3]. Cardaropoli D, Gaveglio L. The influence of orthodontic movement on periodontal tissues level. SeminOrthod 2007: 13: 234–245.
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[5]. Baysal A1, Karadede I, Hekimoglu S, Ucar F, Ozer T, Veli I, Uysal T. Evaluation of root resorption following rapid maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod 2012: 82: 488–494...

Abstract: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a progressive and partially reversible disease,has drawn world-wide attention for its moderate prevalence rate and causing major disease burden. Considering its severity in causing morbidities and mortalities, investigation was carried out to find out the prevalence of this disease and the factors influencing the condition in COPD patients. A total of 1050 COPD patients of both sexes from suburban areas around Chennai were classified according to the severity of the disease based on spirometric indices and prevalence study was done.It concluded that the COPD patients were of almost equally distributed between sexes and the sex-wise incidence of disease was not seen.Further it also proved that, smoking is not only the cause for COPD,the other factors like ETS exposure (environmental tobacco smoking) or parental smoking, biomass (domestic) fuel exposure in women are the other common causes for COPD..

Key words: COPD, Prevalence, Spirometric indices,FEV1,FVC.

[1]. GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. MCR Vision Inc. www.goldcopd.org. 2014.
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Abstract: Background: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in India, a finding that is unexpected in a tropical country with abundant sunshine. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has important implications for the newborn and infant. There are few data from India about the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and in the newborn. Objective: Our aim was to determine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy by measuring their serum vitamin D3levels. Study design: Serum levels of Vitamin D were assessed in 50 pregnant females from March to September 2017. Results: Our study showed that 68% of patients were having Vit D deficiency with 8% having levels below 10ng/ml, 26% had levels between 11-20 ng/ml and 34% between 21-30ng/ml. 32% patients had adequate Vit D levels. Conclusion: There was significant percentage of Vit D deficiency in pregnant females.

Key words: Vitamin D, Deficiency, Prevalence, Pregnancy

[1]. Mithal A, Wahl DA, Bonjour JP, Burckhardt P, Dawson-Hughes B, Eisman JA, et al. Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20:1807–20. [PubMed]

[2]. Sahu M, Bhatia V, Aggarwal A, Rawat V, Saxena P, Pandey A, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in rural girls and pregnant women despite abundant sunshine in northern India. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009;70:680–4.[PubMed]

[3]. Dasgupta A, Saikia U, Sarma D. Status of 25(OH)D levels in pregnancy: A study from the North Eastern part of India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16:S405–7. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

[4]. Specker BL. Does vitamin D during pregnancy impact offspring growth and bone? Proc Nutr Soc. 2012;71:38–45. [PubMed]

[5]. Hyppönen E, Cavadino A, Williams D, Fraser A, Vereczkey A, Fraser WD, et al. Vitamin D and pre-eclampsia: Original data, systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;63:331–40.[PubMed].

Abstract: Dental caries is an age old disease that has plagued humans ever since existence. The multifactorial etiology of dental caries and the preventive therapies in modulating cariogenic bacteria have witnessed paradigm shifts in the contemporary dental practice. The concept of drill and fill for decayed teeth management is slowly being replaced by novel techniques of eradicating the oral biofilms by combination of concepts of molecular biology and remineralization techniques. In this context, the crucial role of selective inhibition of highly cariogenic bacteria and retention of healthy oral microflora and maintenance of ecological equilibrium has garnered wide spread attention. Several studies by eminent researchers have showed promising potential of novel therapies for caries management. In.....

Keywords: Biofilm, quorum sensing, probiotics, phytochemicals, remineralization

[1]. Corvan Loveren. Sugar Restriction for Caries Prevention: Amount and Frequency. Which Is More Important?. Caries Res 2019;53:168–175.
[2]. Brian A. Burt, Satishchandra Pai. Sugar Consumption and Caries Risk: A Systematic Review. J Dent Educ 2001;65(10): 1017-1023.
[3]. Ganz T: Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3(9):710-720.
[4]. Yang D, Biragyn A, Hoover DM, Lubkowski J, Oppenheim JJ: Multiple Roles of Antimicrobial Defensins, Cathelicidins, and Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin in Host Defense. Annu Rev Immunol 2004;22:181-215.
[5]. Nebu Philip, Bharat Suneja, Laurence J. Walsh .Ecological Approaches to Dental Caries Prevention: Paradigm Shift or Shibboleth?.Caries Res 2018;53:153-165.

Abstract: Acid peptic disease is a collective term used to include many conditions such as gastro esophageal reflux disease(GERD), gastritis, duodenitis , esophageal ulcer, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and other hypersecretory states. Normally gastric acid and pepsin secretion is required for digestion of food. Excessive secretion of this acid and pepsin or a weakened stomach mucosal defense is responsible for damage to the delicate mucosa and the lining of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum resulting in ulceration which is known as "Acid Peptic Disease". In this study, we are going to evaluate the clinical features and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings and in patients presenting in our centre in order to come to a precise diagnosis and identify various risk factors contributing to it.

Keywords : GERD- Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease, APD- Acid Peptic Disease, GEJ- Gastro Esophageal Junction, PUD- Peptic Ulcer DISEASE, GU- Gastric Ulcer DU- Duodenal ULCER.

[1]. Ott DJ, Kelly TF, Chen MYM et all.Use af marshmallow bolus for evaluating lower esophageal mucosal rings. Am J Gastroenterol. 1991;86:817.
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Abstract: Background: Breast cancer is a cancer with the highest incidence in women worldwide. It also has a very high mortalitydue to late treatment. The most common treatment of stage III breast cancer is administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), which aims to reduce tumor size and control micro metastasis. Immunohistochemical examination is an important factor in determining breast cancer subtypes and subsequent therapy. However, NACT has been reported to change the expression of immunohistochemical examinations of Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2) and Ki-67 examined from biopsy and mastectomy preparations, so the breast cancer subtypes and its histopathological grading change...........

Keywords: ER, PR, HER-2, KI-67 andhistopathological grading

[1]. A Mannell. 2016. The role of Ki-67 in breast cancer. South Africa Journal Surgery vol. 54 no. 2
[2]. Avci Nilufer, Adem Deligonul, Sahsine Tulonay, Erdem Cubukcu, Omer Fatih Olmez, Ariefe Ulas, Mustafa Hartavi, Ender Kurt, Turkkkan Evrensei. 2015. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy-Induce Change In Immunohistochemical Expresion Of Estrogen Reseptor, Progression Receptor, Her-2, And Ki-67 In Patiens With Breast Cancer. JBUON; 20(1): 45-49.
[3]. Bala Basak Oven Ustaalioglu, Fugen Aker Vardar, Ahmet Bilici, Gunay Gurleyik, Burcak Erkol, Umut Kefeli, Mehmet Aliustaoglu. 2014. Clinical importance of discordance of hormone receptors and Her2/neu status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. JBUON; 19(4): 879-886.
[4]. Burcombe R, Makris A, Richman P, Daley F, Noble S, Pittam M, Wright D, Allen S, Dove J and Wilson G. 2005. Evaluation of ER, PgR, HER-2 and Ki-67 as predictors of response to neoadjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy for operable breast cancer. Br J Cancer; 92: 147- 155.
[5]. Chen S, Chen CM, Yu KD, Zhou RJ and Shao ZM. 2012. Prognostic Value of a Positive-to-negative Change in Hormone Receptor Status after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Hormone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol; 19: 3002-3011

Abstract: Acute appendicitis is one of the commonest conditions treated at emergency. Despite of advances in diagnostic medicine and therapeutics, the diagnosis of appendicitis remains essentially clinical, requiring clinical acumen and surgical knowledge. Maximum incidence noted in 2nd to 4th decade of life with male predominance. Recently USG is shown to be effective in the diagnosis. Management varies from conservative to emergency appendicectomy. In this hospital based study comprising 100 patients, admitted to surgical department with a preliminary diagnosis of acute appendicitis, patients of both sexes and all age groups except pregnancy, appendicular mass were included in the study. Out of 100 cases (68 males and 32 females), 78 patients are clinically positive and 86 are ultrasonographically...........

Keywords: Appendicitis, Appendicectomy, Ultrasonography, CT, MRI, Histopathological Examination.

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[5]. Zinner Michael J, Schwartz Seymour I, Ashley SW, Ellis H, Mc Fadden DW. In Maingot"s Abdominal Operations McGraw Hill, 10th Edition, 2001; pp 1191 – 1227.

Abstract: Paraganglioma is a rare extra-adrenal tumor of the autonomic nervous system which is usually occur in the head and neck region but rare in the retro peritoneum. We will report a case of secreting paraganglioma originated from retro peritoneum expanded into the peritoneum. The mass being unresectable, the patient was treated by radiotherapy

[1]. Prabhakar Rajiah , Rakesh Sinha, Carlos Cuevas, Theodore J. Dubinsky, William H. Bush, Orpheus Kolokythas.Imaging of Uncommon Retroperitoneal Masses. Radiographics.

[2]. Jun He, Xingjun Wang, Wei Zheng,and Yaowang Zhao Retroperitoneal paraganglioma with metastasis to the abdominal vertebra: a case report. Diagn Pathol. 2013; 8: 52.

[3]. Nishino M1, Hayakawa K, Minami M, Yamamoto A, Ueda H, Takasu K. Primary retroperitoneal neoplasms: CT and MR imaging findings with anatomic and pathologic diagnostic clues. Radiographics. 2003 Jan-Feb;23(1):45-57.

[4]. Rha SE, Byun JY, Jung SE, Chun HJ, Lee HG, Lee JM. Neurogenic tumors in the abdomen: tumor types and imaging characteristics. Radiographics. 2003 Jan-Feb;23(1):29-43.

[5]. Yanguang Shen,#1 Yan Zhong,#1 Haiyi Wang,1 Lu Ma,1 Yingwei Wang,1 Kun Zhang,2 Zhonghua Sun,3 andHuiyi Ye1 BMC Neurol. 2018; MR imaging features of benign retroperitoneal paragangliomas and schwannomas

Abstract: Introduction; Mandibular premolars, frequently considered an enigma to the endodontist, may present the greatest difficulty of all teeth to perform successful endodontic treatment. Owing to its tortuous nature and the variations in root canal anatomy, the mandibular first premolar is quite notorious for its high flare up and failure rates. Advanced modes of radiographic imaging and analysis have allowed for extensive knowledge of pulp space anatomy in three dimensions and identification of rare aberrations. CBCT scanning can help clinicians view morphologic features from a 3-dimensional perspective. The present study was done to evaluate the common root canal variation of mandibular first premolar using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography .Methods; 170 mandibular............

Keywords; Mandibular first premolar; CBCT; Root canal variation

[1]. Cantatore G, Berutti E, Castellucci A. Missed anatomy: frequency and clinical impact. Endod Top [Internet]. 2006;15:3–31.
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[3]. Barbizam JV, Ribeiro RG, Tanomaru Filho M. Unusual anatomy of permanent maxillary molars. J Endod 2004;30:668‑71.
[4]. Lu T, Yang S, Pai S. Complicated Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Premolar in a Chinese Population Using the Cross Section Method. 2006;32:932–6.
[5]. Sert S, Bayirli GS. Evaluation of the root canal configurations of the mandibular and maxillary permanent teeth by gender in the Turkish population. J Endod. 2004;30:391–8...

Abstract: Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the major causes of death in the world for both men and post-menopausal women. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising worldwide and it accounts for 17 per cent of the total mortality. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 80 healthy volunteers of Yoga school in Kurnool between the age of 20-60 yrs. Out of them 57 were men and 23 were women. The lipid profile was observed prior to initiation Yoga training and after 6 month, 1 year and 2 years of Yoga training. Statistical analysis was done by using ANOVA test. Results: The study was conducted in 80 trainees out of which 57 were men and 23 were women. Anthropometric Data Table 1 represents the antropometric.......

Keywords:Yoga, Asana, Pranayama, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL.

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Abstract: Background: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block offers an alternative anaesthesia for upper extremity surgery. Addition of opioid agents in local anaesthetic solutions for postoperative analgesia via brachial plexus block has been very effective in controlling post-operative pain. The duration of post-operative analgesia can be prolonged by adding Buprenorphine and Butorphanol in local anaesthetic solutions. Methodology: A double blinded randomized parallel group study was carried out in 30 patients aged 18-60yr of ASA grade I & II of either sex in each group undergoing upper limb surgeries via Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block at S V Medical College, Tirupati. Injection Butorphanol 1mg (Group-I) and Buprenorphine 100μg (Group-II) were added to local anaesthetic solutions. All patients were observed for onset of sensory, motor blockade and complications. Pulse rate and Blood Pressure were monitored intraoperatively at every 15 min intervals and postoperatively. All patients were observed for analgesia hourly until patient demanded analgesia post-operatively i.e. VAS >4.......

Keywords: Lignocaine, Bupivacaine, Buprenorphine, Butorphanol, Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block.

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[4]. Paliwal B, Karnawat R. Comparative study of effect of buprenorphine or clonidine as adjuvants to local anaesthetics (bupivacaine 0.25%) for supraclavicular brachial plexus block. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 2013; 4 (3):30-39.
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