iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2019

Abstract: Introduction: Guillain–Barré syndrome, which is characterized by acute are flexic paralysis with albuminocytologic dissociationis currently the most frequent cause of acuteflaccid paralysis worldwide and constitutes one of the serious emergencies inneurology.Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is a common and important complication in Guillain-Barré syndrome and may be the cause of significant morbidity or death.We conducted the present study with an aim to include antibody testing and autonomic function testing in GBS patients and see if they carried any clinical significance. Aims and Objectives of the Study: 1. To study association between antiganglioside antibodies and outcome inGuillain-Barre Syndrome.2. To study.........

Key Words: Guillain Barre Syndrome, Autonomic dysfunction, Antiganglioside antibodies

[1]. Guillain G, Barré JA, Strohl A. Sur un syndrome de radiculonévrite avec hyperalbuminose du liquidecéphalo-rachidien sans réactioncellulaire: remarques sur les caractèrescliniques et graphiques des reflexes tendineux. Bulletins et memoires de la Société des Médecins des Hôpitaux de Paris 1916;40:1462-70.
[2]. Sekiguchi Y, Uncini A, Yuki N, et al. Antiganglioside antibodies are associated with axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome: a Japanese-Italian collaborative study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012;83: 23-8.
[3]. Ito M, Kuwabara S, Odaka M, et al. Bickerstaff‟s brainstem encephalitis and Fisher syndrome form a continuous spectrum: clinical analysis of 581 cases. J Neurol 2008;255:674-82.
[4]. Ito M, Matsuno K, Sakumoto Y, Hirata K, Yuki N. Ataxic Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute sensory ataxic neuropathy form a continuous spectrum. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011;82:294-9.
[5]. Asahina M, Kuwabara S, Suzuki A, Hattori T. Autonomic function indemyelinating and axonal subtypes of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand2002;105:44-50..

Abstract: Glaucoma is the second most prevalent cause of vision loss worldwide. Prevalence is expected to rise from 60 million people worldwide in 2010 to 80million in 2020. Research has shown that the prevalence of glaucoma varies according to both geographical region & race. Aim: The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of glaucoma and its subtypes in a hospital based population in Kashmir valley. Materials and methods: A prospective, observational study of all the patients referred to the glaucoma clinic of the post graduate deptt. of ophthalmology........

Key Words: Psedoexfoliation (PEX) glaucoma, Open angle glaucoma(OAG), Angle closure glaucoma(ACG) Glaucoma is the second most prevalent cause of vision loss world wide.Prevalence is expected to rise from 60 million people worldwide in 2010 to 80million in 2020. Largest increase will be in China &India – representing more than 40% of all cases by 2020(1).

[1]. Quigely HA, Broman AT. Br J Ophthalmol.2006;90:262-267.
[2]. Rudenicka AR, Mt-Isa S, Owen CG, et al. Variations in primary open angle glaucoma prevalence by age, gender, & race: a Bayesian meta-analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis sei.2006;47:4254-4261.
[3]. Shields MB , Ritch R , Krupin T. Classification of glaucoma's-Shields MB. The glaucomas Vol 2. 5th edition .St Lious Mosby; 1996 pp 717-25.
[4]. Moreno Montanes J. Acvarez S.PEX glaucoma in North West Spain. Acta ophthal 1990;68 :695.
[5]. Arvind H,Raju P, Paul PG, et al. PEX syndrome ,prevalence in South India. Br. J ophth 2003 87:1321-1323.

Abstract: Gall bladder perforation is a rare and may be life threatening. It may be a complication of acute calculus or acalculuscholecystitis.Generalised Peritonitis, localized peritonitis, residual sequelae of silent perforation identified during elective surgery are the three clinical presentations of this condition. Generalised peritonitis warrants exploration, clinical course in localised peritonitis determines an operative or conservative management or local intervention.Peroperative findings dictate management in during elective surgery in cases of silent perforation. Optimal outcomes for structured protocol in managing consecutive cases in each of the three sets in a tertiary care hospital have been studied..

Key words: Gall bladder, Perforation, Cholecystitis.

[1]. F. Lennon, W.E. GreenPerforation of the gall bladder. A review of 32 casesJ R CollSurgEdinb, 28 (3) (1983), pp. 169-173
[2]. F. Glen, S.W. MooreGangrene and perforation of the wall of the gallbladder. A sequele of acute cholecystitis Arch Surg, 44 (1942), pp. 677-686
[3]. H. Derici, C. Kara, A.D. Bozdag, O. Nazli, T. Tansug, E. AkcaDiagnosis and treatment of gallbladder perforation World J Gastroenterol, 12 (48) (2006), pp. 7832-7836

[4]. Niemeier OW. Acute Free Perforation of the Gall-Bladder. Ann Surg. 1934;99:922–924.

[5]. Roslyn JJ, Thompson JE, Darvin H, DenBesten L. Risk factors for gallbladder perforation. Am J Gastroenterol.1987;82:636–640.

Abstract: Introduction: The methodology of teaching is of three types. "Adhyapana" refers to "act of teaching" or the "teacher reads". "Adhyayan" is "self-learning" or the "student reads". "Sambhasa" or "Tatva vidya" refer to "discussion". Types of learning are again of three types: informative learning, formative learning and transformative learning. Informative learning produces experts. Formative learning produces professionals. Transformative learning in the context of health education produces leaders with global connection. Millers pyramid of competence evolves the steps in learning as knows, knows how, does and teaches how. The aim of the vertical integrated teaching programme on pregnancy induced hypertension was to enable students to comprehend and teach (sambhasa) pregnancy induced hypertension with firm and reinforced understanding of pathophysiology, biochemical markers.....

Keywords: Vertical Integration, Teaching, Medical Education

[1]. Margolis CZ, Deckelbaum RJ, Henkin Y, Baram S, Cooper P, Alkan ML. Medical schools for international health run by international partners. Acad Med. 2004;79(8):744-51.
[2]. Barrow HS. A taxonomy of problem-based learning methods. Medical Education. 1986;20:481-6.
[3]. Wijnen MM, Cate OT, Rademakers JJ, Van DSM, Borleffs JC. The Influence of a vertically integrated curriculum on the transition to postgraduate training. Med Teach. 2009;31(11):528-32.
[4]. Wijnen MM, Cate TO, Schaaf VM, Harendza S. Graduates from vertically integrated curricula. Clin Teach. 2013;10(3):155-9.
[5]. Cave J, Goldacre M, Lambert T, Woolf K, Jones A, Dacre J. Newly qualified doctors' views about whether their medical school had trained them well: questionnaire surveys. BMC Medical Education. 2007;7:38.

Abstract: Introduction: Anatomy is an important subject in medical sciences. The knowledge of structure of the human body from the naked eye appearance (gross anatomy) down to molecular level is fundamental to understanding its function and how both structure and function are modified by disease processes. A decline and dearth of anatomy lecturers to match the number of medical schools and increasing student populations has been reported in USA and India. More medical schools are springing up in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out in Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, AP. A total of two hundred undergraduate students were selected......

Key words: Anatomy, questionnaire, attitude

[1]. Soufi HE. Attitude of medical students towards psychiatry. Medical Education 1992: 26: 38-4.
[2]. Tolani B. Continuing medical education and career choice among graduates of problem based and traditional curricula. Medical education 1991; 25(5): 414-20.
[3]. Dr G. Agnihotri & M. G. Sagoo. Reactions of first year Indian Medical students to the dissection hall experience. NJIRM 2010, Vol 1(4) Oct- Dec.
[4]. M. H. Bob et al. First year medical students attitude towards anatomical corpse dissection & its relationship with their personality. RJME, 2015; 56(1): 321-324.
[5]. Plaisant O et al. Medical students attitude towards science & gross anatomy & the relationship to personality. PubMed- NCBT, J. Anat 2014 Mar; 224(3): 261-9.

Abstract: Introduction: Cobalamine is required mainly for two important conversion reactions in the body1.for methyma-lonylcoA isomerization, 2.for methylation of homocysteine. Deficiency of these two reactions in the body has widespread implications. While the deficiency of folic acid in sickle cell anemia has been comprehensively stu-died, vitamin b12 has been widely overlooked leading to undefined morbidity patterns Material and methods: seventy patients with sickle cell disease were selected for the study.50 were males and 20 females.Complete blood counts, hemograms,vitamin b12 and folic acid levels were obtained and compared with 100 controls. Patients were devided into two groups......

Key words: Cobalamine, sickle cell anemia

[1]. Watanabe, F. ,Takenaka, S., Kittaka-Katsura, H., Ebara, S. and Miyamoto, E. (2002) Cha-racterization and Bioavailability of Vita-min B12-Compounds from Edible Algae.Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 48, 325-231.
[2]. Nakano, S., Takekoshi, H. and Nakano, M. (2010) Chlorella Pyrenoidosa Supplementation Reduces the Risk of Anemia, Proteinuria and Edema in Pregnant Women. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 65, 25-30.
[3]. Lam, J.R., Schneider, J.L., Zhao, W. and Corley, D.A. (2013) Proton Pump Inhibitor and Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonist Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency. JAMA, 310, 2435-2442.
[4]. Yeomans, N.D., Hanson, R.G., Smallwood, R.A., Mihaly, G.W. and Louis, W.J. (1982) Ef-fect of Chronic Ranitidine Treatment on Secretion of Intrinsic Factor. BMJ, 285, 264.
[5]. Ting, R.Z., Szeto, C. C. , Chan, M.H., Ma, K.K. and Chow, K.M. (2006) Risk Factors of Vita-min B(12) Deficiency in Patients Receiving Metformin. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1975-1979.

Abstract: HIV seropositivity is a significant health hazard for antenatal women. Moreover, the seropositivity is used to estimate the HIV seroprevalence in the general population as part of sentinel surveillance extrapolation. To assess the HIV seroprevalence among the antenatal women and determine its relation with some relevant variables like age group, education, occupation, marital status and parity etc. It is a cross-sectional study conducted among 4,187 antenatal women attending the Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre in the Govt. Maternity Hospital attached to S.V. Medical College, Tirupati. We did the study during 2013-2014. The record of the Integrated.....

Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Antenatal women (AW), Integrated counselling and testing centre (ICTC), Seroprevalence (SP).

[1]. WHO Progress report (2010). executive summary, HIV/AIDS in the South East Asia region. World Health Organization. p.5 Available from; http://www.searo.who.int/link Files/HIV-AIDS-HIV-report- 2010, 30 Nov.
[2]. Annual Report 2010–2011 [internet]. Government of India:National AIDS Control Organization (NACO). c2007 - [cited 2012 May 28]. Available from: http://www.nacoonline.org
[3]. Kumar R, Jha P, Arora P, Mony P, Bhatia P, Millson P, et al. Trends in HIV-1 in young adults in south India from 2000 to 2004: a prevalence study. Lancet 2006; 367:1164-72.
[4]. Pitkin J, Peattie A, Magowan B (2003). Obstetrics and Gynaecology: An illustrated colour text. Chuchill Livingstone, London. 16:17.
[5]. Srikanth P, John TJ, Jeyakumari H, Babu PG, Mathai D, Jacob M, et al. Epidemiological features of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in southern India. Indian J Med Res 1997; 105:191-7.

Abstract: Background: Positioning of the patients head and neck for best visualization of glottis is the prime need before laryngoscopy and intubation. The study was conducted to compare traditional sniffing position with head elevation/neck flexion position to find out which position provides better laryngoscopy and intubation in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients were randomly allocated to two groups. In Group I (n=50), laryngoscopy was done in sniffing position, while in Group II (n=50), laryngoscopy was done in simple head extension with head flat on operating table. Glottic visualization was assessed by Cormack-Lehane grading and Intubation Difficulty Scale........

[1]. Adnet F, Borrow SW, Dumas JL, Lapostolle F, Cupa M, Lapundry C. Study of the sniffing position by magnetic resonance imaging. Anesthesiol 2001; 94(1): 83-6.
[2]. Adnet F, Baillard C, Borron SW, Denantes C, Lefebvre L, Galinski M, et al. Randomized study comparing sniffing position with simple head extension for laryngoscopic view in elective surgery patients. Anesthesiol 2001; 95(4): 836-41.
[3]. Caplan RA. The closed claimed project: Looking back, looking forward. ASA Newsletter 1999; 63(6): 7-9.
[4]. Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway. An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists task force on management of the difficult airway. Anesthesiol 2003; 98: 1269-77.
[5]. Mangal V, Sinha MK, Nigam R, Agnihotri P. Comparative evaluation of glotticvisualisation and ease of intubation using sniffing position and simple head extension during laryngoscopy in elective surgical procedures – a randomised prospective observational study Central J ISA 2017; 1(2): 57-63.

Abstract: Survival after curative surgery in advanced carcinoma is not so promising. Even after use of chemotherapy, radiation therapy the goals are not met. So it is the tumour biology which is important and the future would be probably biological therapy. Considering western data on stomach cancer molecular profile Her2neu would be promising marker for target therapy to be considered. But the fact has not been adequately tested in Indian scenario and the present study does not support routine testing of Her2neu in cases of stomach cancer considering financial aspect of Indian patient population as well as rate of its positivity in various samples of gastric cancer tissue.........

Key words: early postoperative course, pathological outcome, modified D2 Gastrectomy

[1]. Dikshit RP, Mathur G, Mhatre S, Yeole BB. Epidemiological review of gastric cancer in India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2011;32(1):3-11.
[2]. Maruyama K, Okabayashi K, Kinoshita T. Progress in gastric cancer surgery in Japan and its limits of radicality. World J Surg. 1987;11:418–425.
[3]. Soga J, Kobayahsi K, Saito J, Fukimaki M, Muto T. The role of lymphadenectomy in curative surgery for gastric cancer. World J Surg. 1979;3:701–708.
[4]. Bonenkamp JJ, Hermans J, Sasako M, Van de Velde CJH. Extended lymph-node dissection for gastric cancer. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:908–914.
[5]. Cuschieri A, Fayers P, Fielding J, Craven J, Bancewicz J, Joypaul V, Cook P. Postoperative morbidity and mortality after D1 and D2 resections for gastric cancer: preliminary results of the MRC randomised controlled surgical trial. Lancet. 1996;347:995–999..

Abstract: Purpose: To compare the results of Endoscopic Endonasal DCR with External DCR. Methods: All patients with the symptom of epiphora from period between June,2016 to june , 2018 were included Results: Of total 60, 30 operated for external DCR & 30 for endoscopic DCR. At 6 months postop, success rate of external DCR was 85%, whereas, it was 81.8 % of endoscopic DCR. Conclusion: No statistically significant difference noted between these procedures with low complication rates. However, endoscopic DCR has an important advantage of not having external scar & early post operative rehabilitation..

Key words:External DCR, Endoscopic DCR, Epiphora

[1]. Anijeet D, Dolan L, MacEwen CJ. Endonasal versus external dacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction (Review)
[2]. Woog JJ. The incidence of symptomatic acquired lacrimal outflow obstruction among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976–2000 (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2007; 105: 649–66.
[3]. Traquair H. Chronic dacryocystitis: its causation and treatment. Arch Ophthalmol 1941; 26: 165–80.
[4]. Parsons‟ diseases of the eye. Twenty- first edition. Page 464-468. Editors Ramanjit Sihota, Radhika Tandon.
[5]. Handbook of Ophthalmology edited by Amar Agarwal..

Abstract: Dentigerous cyst is the most common type of cyst encountered in a dental practice. Though, it is commonly encountered entity in the second and third decade of life, cases have been reported in the first decade of life, too. It may be symptomatic or asymptomatic and is diagnosed on routine examination. The treatment modality depends on the size and location of the cyst. For a smaller cyst not approximating the vital structures, enucleation is carried out. If there is a risk of damage to vital structures in a large cystic lesion, marsupilisation is carried out. This case report presents a case of lateral dentigerous cyst in a 10 year old female associated with unerupted premolar. Enucleation of the cystic lesion was carried out without extracting the unerupted tooth. A seven month follow up revealed eruption of the tooth in the oral cavity with no signs of recurrence..

Key words: Dentigerous cyst, developmental, inflammatory, enucleation, unerupted tooth,

[1]. Neville, Brad W. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders/Elsevier, 2009.
[2]. Kalaskar RR, Tiku A, Damle SG. Dentigerous cysts of anterior maxilla in a young child: A case report. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2007;25:187‑90.
[3]. Tilakraj TN, Kiran NK, Mukunda KS, Rao S. Non syndromic unilateral dentigerous cyst in a 4‑year‑old child: A rare case report. Contemp Clin Dent 2011;2:398‑401.
[4]. Demirkol M, Ege B, Yanik S, Aras MH, Ay S. Clinicopathological study of jaw cysts in southeast region of Turkey. Eur J Dent 2014;8:107‑11.
[5]. Kirtaniya BC, Sachdev V, Singla A, Sharma AK. Marsupialization: A conservative approach for treating dentigerous cyst in children in the mixed dentition. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2010;28:203‑8.

Abstract: Introduction: Menstrual cycle include changes that occur at intervals in the uterus, ovaries, vagina during reproductive age to make procreation possible. The biological activity of the menstrual cycle is regulated by coordination between hypothalamic, pituitary and ovarian hormones. Many females suffer from dysmenorrhea, painful cramping sensation in the lower abdomen during menstruation. Reproductive hormones primarily estrogen, modulate cardiovascular function through a number of mechanisms, including induced activation of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal and sympatho-adreno-medullary systems and also through direct vasodilatory effect on the blood vessels. There appears to be a correlation between the hormonal levels in females and the ANS control of their cardiac activity. This study was designed to determine the effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on various physiological...........

Key words: Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate,Menstrual Cycle, Dysmenorrhea

[1]. Silverthorn, Dee Unglaub. Human Physiology: An integrated approach. 6th ed. Glenview, IL: Pearson Education, Inc.;2013.pp.850-890.
[2]. Sherwood, Laurelee. Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. 8th ed. Belmont, CA: Cengage;2013.p.735-794.
[3]. Jones and Barlett. Women‟s gynaecologic health. 2011. P.94.
[4]. Cooke WH, Ludwig DA, Hogg PS, Eckburg DL, Convertino VA. Does the menstrual cycle influence the sensitivity of the vagally mediated baroreflexes. Clin Sci. 2002;102:639-644.
[5]. Dawood MY. Primary Dysmenorrhea: Advances in pathogenesis and management. Am J Obstet and Gynaecol. 2006;108:428-44..

Abstract: The Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), is an infrequent multisystemic disease inherited in a dominant autosomal way, which shows a high level of penetrance and variable expressiveness It is characterized by disorders affecting multiple systems including skeletal, cutaneous, ophthalmic, reproductive, and nervous systems.. Gorlin syndrome is associated with germlinemutations in components of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, including Patched1 (PTCH1) and Suppressor of fused (SUFU). The purpose of this present article is to describe the clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings in three cases of Gorlin Goltz syndrome diagnosed in our department, and to discuss the role of gene mutation analysis and circumstances to avoid in order to prevent primary manifestations......

Key words: Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, Multiple odontogenic keratocysts, Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome

[1]. Lo Muzio L. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2008;3:32. (latha1) [2]. Casaroto AR, Loures DC, Moreschi E, Veltrini VC, Trento CL, Gottardo VD, et al. Early diagnosis of Gorlin-goltz syndrome: Case report. Head Face Med 2011;7:2. (latha2)
[3]. Straith FE. Hereditary epidermoid cyst of the jaws. Am J Orthod Oral Surg 1939;25:673-7. (kiran 10)
[4]. Gross PP. Epithelioma adenoides cysticum with follicular cysts of maxilla and mandible. J Oral Surg (Chic) 1953;11:160-5. (kiran 11)
[5]. Bettley FR. Two cases of multiple naevoid basal cell epitheliomata? porokeratosis of Mantoux. Br J Dermatol 1953;65:219-21. (kiran 12).