iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2019

Abstract: Aim: To estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness in children coming to regional eye hospital (Kurnool) for visually handicapped certificate. Materials and Methods: Data was obtained from children coming to hospital for the visually handicapped certificate. Total 132 children of age ≤ 15 years of age were enrolled for about period of one and half years. Visual acuity estimation, external ocular examination, Retinoscopy and fundus examination was done. Results: The major causes of the blindness included congenital eye anomalies (30%) and retinal causes (13.6%). Corneal opacities caused about 7% and cataract with uncorrected aphakia and amblyopia about 15.2%, bilateral or unilateral phthisis bulbi was also common (9%) followed by optic atrophy (6.2%) and other causes (19%).......

KEY WORDS: Childhood blindness ; Prevalence ; Causes; avoidable

[1]. Gilbert C, Rahi J, Quinn G. Visual impairment and blindness in children. In: Johnson, Minassian, Weale, West, editors. Epidemiology of eye disease. 2nd ed UK: Arnold Publishers; 2003Global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1998 (unpublished document WHO/PBL/97.61)
[2]. Rahi JS, Gilbert CE, Foster A, Minassian D. Measuring the burden of childhood blindness. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:387-8
[3]. World Health Organization, Global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness. WHO/PBL/97.61. Geneva: WHO; 1997
[4]. Rahi JS, Sripathi S, Gilbert CE, Foster A. Childhood blindness in India: Causes in 1318 blind school students in nine states. Eye (Lond) 1995;9 (Pt 5):545‑50.
[5]. Dandona L, Williams JD, Williams BC, Rao GN. Population-based assessment of childhood blindness in southern India. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:545-46..

Abstract: Objective: 1. To assess the occurrence of infective and non-infective complications in cases of acute pancreatitis on early enteral nutrition.2. To assess the need for surgical intervention in cases of acute pancreatitis on early enteral feeds.3. To assess the average duration of hospital stay with early enteral nutrition. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted on patients admitted to Subharti hospital with symptoms suggestive of acute pancreatitis from August 2016 to September 2018 on 50 patients. Patients with clinical picture consistent with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, along with more than 3 fold elevation of serum amylase and elevated serum lipase were considered to have acute pancreatitis. Two groups were made with equal number of............

[1]. Petrov MS, M Isabel TD Correia, John AW. Nasogastric Tube Feeding in Predicted Severe Acute Pancreatitis.A Systematic Review of the Literature to Determine Safety and Tolerance. J Pancreas (Online) 2008; 9(4): 440-448.
[2]. Petrov MS, Hjalmar CS et al. Enteral Nutrition and the Risk of Mortality and Infectious Complications in Patients With Severe Acute Pancreatitis :A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. Arch Surg. 2008;143(11):1111-1117.
[3]. Orestis Ioannidis, AthinaLavrentieva, DimitriosBotsios, Nutrition Support in Acute Pancreatitis. J Pancreas (Online) 2008; 9(4):375-390.
[4]. Windsor, A.C., et al., Compared with parenteral nutrition, enteral feeding attenuates the acute phase response and improves disease severity in acute pancreatitis. Gut, 1998. 42(3): p. 431-5.
[5]. Eatock, F.C., et al., A randomized study of early nasogastric versus nasojejunal feeding in severe acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol, 2005. 100(2): p.432-9.

Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of CAD/CAM zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramic (Vita suprinity) endo-crownin molars maxillary teeth. Materials and Methods: A total 60 non carious, devitalized human maxillary molars free from cracks were restored with reinforced Vita suprinity used in this study.They were classified into 2main groups in each tooth, 30 specimens each according to the type of restoration and designs of preparation as following. Group I: (n= 30) endodontically treated upper molars with 2mm ferrule and deep chamfer finish line restored with Vita suprinity endo-crown. Group II: (n=30) endodontically treated upper molars restored with butt joint margin Vita suprinity endocrown. The teeth...........

Key Words: Endocrown; Vita suprinity; CAD/CAM; Fracture resistance

[1]. Lang H, Korkmaz Y, Schneider K, Raab W. Impact of endodontic treatments on the rigidity of the root. J Dent Res. 2006;85: 364-368.
[2]. SedgleyCM, and Messer HH. Are endodontically treated teeth more brittle.JEndod.1992;18(7):332-5.
[3]. Schwartz RS, and Robbins JW. Post placement and restoration of endodontically treatedteeth:aliteraturereview.JEndod.2004;30:289– 301.
[4]. Dietschi D, Duc O, Krejci I, and Sadan A. Biomechanical considerations for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a systematic review of the literature, Part II (Evaluation of fatigue behavior, interfaces, and in vivo studies). Quintessence Int. 2007; 39:117–29.
[5]. El-Damanhoury H, Haj-Ali R, and Platt J. Fracture resistance and microleakage of endocrowns utilizing three CAD-CAM blocks. J operative Dent. 2015; 40: 201 – 10. 3.

Abstract: Aim: Helicobacter pylori (Gram negative bacilli), a commensal of gastrointestinal system is associated with many ocular manifestations. One of the associated links is proposed with glaucoma. Since the data on Indian population is lacking, we have devised this study to evaluate the prevelance of primary open angle glaucoma/ ocular hypertension in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori. Materials and Methods: This observational study included helicobacter pylori seropositive patients on the basis of Rapid stool antigen test. Seropositive patients were then evaluated for glaucoma and prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma/ ocular hypertension was evaluated in such patients. Results: Mean age of 100 patients was 55.93......

Keywords: helicobacter pylori, prevelance, primary open angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension

[1]. "Facts About Glaucoma". National Eye Institute. Available from: https://nei.nih.gov/sites/default/files/nehep-pdfs/GlaucomaToolkit_Factsheet_ENG.pdf
[2]. European Glaucoma Society Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma, (4th edn.). In: Classification and terminology Supported by the EGS Foundation: Part 1: Foreword; Introduction; Glossary; Chapter 2 Classification and Terminology. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101(5):73-127.
[3]. Warren JR and Marshall BJ. Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. Lancet 1983;1(8336):1273-5.
[4]. Calvino-Fernández M, Benito-Martínez S, Parra-Cid T. Oxidative stress by Helicobacter pylori causes apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in gastric epithelial cells. Apoptosis. 2008;13(10):1267-80.
[5]. Galloway PH, Warner SJ, Morshed MG, Mikelberg FS. Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk for open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(5):922-5..

Abstract: Background : Soft tissues are defined as the complex of nonepithelial extraskeletal structures of the body exclusive of the supportive tissue of the various organs and the haematopoietic/lymphoid tissue. It is composed of fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, blood and lymph vessels and the peripheral nervous system. Many times histopathological assessment correlates poorly with clinical outcome. Thus some limitations have motivated development of new technique so as to improve accuracy and reproducibility of prognostication. The newer technique is called "Silver stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs)" which is cheap,and simple to use to assess its role in histopathological..........

[1]. Berlin O, Stener B, Kindblom LG, Angervall L. Leiomyosarcomas of venous origin in the extremities. A correlated clinical, roentgenologic, and morphologic study with diagnostic and surgical implications. Cancer 1984;54(10):2147-59.
[2]. Crocker J, Boldy DAR, Egan MJ. How should we count AgNORs proposals for a standardized approach. J Pathol. 1989;158(3):185-88.
[3]. Khan N, Sood P, Vasenwala SM, Afroz N, Verma AK. Significance of AgNOR score in benign and malignant soft tissue tumours. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2006;49(1):17-20.
[4]. Gupta M, Shrivastava AN, Lal N, Agarwal A, Jaisava MSD. AgNORs scoring in benign intermediate and malignant soft tissue tumour. JK Science 2012;14(1):18-21.
[5]. Kuratsu S, Aozasa K, Myoui A, Tsujimoto M, Ueda T, Uchida A et al. Prognostic significance of agyrophilic nucleolar organizer staining in soft tissue Sarcoma. Int J Cancer. 1991;48(2):211-4..

Abstract: Introduction:Highprevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is a particularly important public health. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with atherosclerosis, obesity, Insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke.Material & Methods: A total of 100 patients participated in the study in the age range of 15-85 years. Out of 100 patients, 50 patients had normal vitamin D levels whereas 50 patients had reduced levels of vitamin D. In both the test group and control group, the serum total cholesterol levels and triglycerides levels were compared.Results: The mean ± S.D of vitamin D in test group is15.89 ± 5.72 compared to the mean ± S.D in control group.......

Key words: vitamin D, hypertension, lipid profile, association

[1]. HolickMf. Vitamin D Deficiency.NEngl J Med 2007; 357:266-281.
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Abstract: Introduction: An elevation in serum uric acid has been associated with an increased risk for the development of hypertension and 25% to 50% of hypertensive individuals are hyperuricemic.Methods:One hundred adults aged between 20-50 years were selected for the study and referred consecutively to the medical OPD of Sri VenkateswaraRamnarainRuia Government General Hospital, Tirupati.They were studied for Serum Uric acid levels.Normotensive controls (n = 100) were selected for the study and evaluated for clinical and laboratory data.Both males and females were included for the study. All subjects and controls had normal renal function (Renal biochemistry, USG Abdomen).........

Key words: serum uric acid, hypertension, association, Hyper uricemia

[1]. Chobanian A, Bakris G, Black H, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee: The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee. JAMA 289: 2560-2572, 2003.
[2]. Daniel Fieg, Duk – Hee Kang – Uric Acid and Cardiovascular risk – NEJM 2008.
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[5]. Alderman MH, Cohen H, Madhavan S, Kivlighn S. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular events in successfully treated hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 1999; 34: 144 – 150..

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tumors of epidermal appendages are uncommon accounting for 0.2%. Most of these tumors are difficult clinically to diagnose. Histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry will be helpful to analyze and categorize these tumors effectively. MATERIAL & METHODS: This study was conducted at Institute of Pathology, Madras Medical College, Chennai from January 2017 to August 2018. All the benign and malignant skin adnexal tumors were included in our study with the exclusion of non-neoplastic lesions. RESULTS: Out of total 19,856 biopsies, 46 cases of skin adnexal tumors were received comprising of 0.22%. Male to Female ratio was 1:2.06. 40 cases were.....

Keywords: Epidermal appendageal tumors, Eccrine poroma, Nevus sebaceous, Porocarcinoma

[1]. Jyotsna Suri,Deepti Mahajan, K KKoul, Rita Kumari. A Clinicopathological Analysis of Skin Adnexal Tumours : Four Year Retrospective Study. JK Science 2016; 18(4):248-251.
[2]. Tamer SS Ahmed, Joseph Del Priore, John T. Seykora. Tumors of epidermal appendages. Lever's Histopathology of Skin, Tenth Edition, P No. 851-909.
[3]. Ankit Sharma, Deepak G. Paricharak, Jitendra Singh Nigam, et al., ―Histopathological Study of Skin Adnexal Tumours—Institutional Study in South India,‖ Journal of Skin Cancer, vol. 2014, Article ID 543756, 4 pages, 2014.
[4]. Kaur K, Gupta K, Hemrajani D, Yadav A, Mangal K. Histopathological analysis of skin adnexal tumors: A three year study of 110 cases at a tertiary care center. Indian J Dermatol 2017;62:400-6
[5]. G.Jeyanthi, Meenakumari Gopalakrishnan, N. Sharmila Thilagavathy et al. Histomorphological Spectrum of Skin Adnexal Tumors: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Centre. Annals of Applied Bio-Sciences, 3(3):2016; 233-239.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the interrelationship between the frontal sinus size and growth pattern of an individual. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patient database was collected at the department of orthodontics. Total sample size 135 patients including both male and female were selected applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained from the department of oral medicine and radiology and examined for each sample using Nemoceph software. Growth pattern of an individual was determined in the software. Samples were classified.........

[1]. Preuschoft H, Witte H, Witzel U. Pneumatized spaces, sinuses and spongy bones in the skulls of primates. AnthropAnz. 2002;60:67–79.
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[3]. Tehranchi A, Motamedian SR, Saedi S, Kabiri S, Shidfar S. Correlation between frontal sinus dimensions and cephalometric indices: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Dent 2017;11:64-70.
[4]. Rossouw PE, Lombard CJ, Harris AM. The frontal sinus and mandibular growth prediction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;100:542–546.
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Abstract: hospital bed is both a scarce and expensive commodity in healthcare4. Dynamics of utilization of beds were studied retrospectively by observing the trend of expansion of bed-complements, bed occupancy rates (BOR), average length of stay (ALS) and bed turn-over rates (BTR) over a period of 35 years. Optimum utilization of hospital beds is the primary function of the administrator. The bed utilization indices should be used routinely to assess, analyze and improve the available resources

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[4]. Vaz FS, Ferreira AM, Kulkarni MS, Motghare DD.Bed Utilization Indices at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Goa: An Eight Year Trend Analysis, Indian J Public Health. 2007;51(4):231-3.
[5]. Otieno FA. Length of stay and the influence of specific factors at Tara-the H. Moross Centre; 2011.

Abstract: Introduction - The gallbladder is the pear shaped musculomembranous structure lodged in a fossa on the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver and shows various anomalies and anatomic variations. For upper abdominal surgeries and radiological approach it is very important to know and understand the anatomy and different types of variations of the gall bladder. objective - Aim of this study was to study External morphology of gallbladder . Material and method:-Study was conducted on 60 gallbladder obtained from formalin fixed cadavers. Location, Shape, length and transverse diameter of gall bladder were studied. Result : - Commonest shape observed in this.........

Keywords: Gall bladder, External morphology and variations.

[1]. Standering S; Gray's anatomy. The anatomical Basis of clinical Practice, 40 th edition, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, London 2008, pp 1177-1181.
[2]. Talpur KA, Laghari AA, Yousfani SA, Malik AM, Memon AI, Khan SA Anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of Extra HepaticBiliary System encountered during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, J Pak Med Assoc 2010;60:89-93
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[5]. Joliat GR, Shubert CR, Farley DR Isolated congenital agenesis of the gallbladder and cystic duct: report of a case, J Surg Educ. 2013 Jan-Feb; 70(1):117-20..

Abstract: IUD, the most commonly used method of contraception by women worldwide , can very rarely migrate to urinary bladder, occasionally leading to stone formation around it. However, because of its non-specific manifestations and a very low index of suspicion, the early diagnosis of this entity is difficult. We present a case of 25 year old female who presented with complaints of lower abdominal discomfort and urinary tract symptoms. On investigation, NCCT-KUB showed a bladder stone. She underwent cystolithotomy and a T shaped bladder stone was removed from the bladder. Adequate counseling of the patient should always be done before insertion of IUD. Also a high index of suspicion should be kept in mind while dealing with patients who present with lower abdominal discomfort and missing IUD string on vaginal examination, for early removal of IUD.

Keywords – Lower abdominal discomfort, Missing IUD, Secondary bladder stone, NCCT-KUB, Transmigration.

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Abstract: Knowledge of dental anatomy and its variations is a pre-requisite for successful endodontic treatment. Abnormal variations in canal morphology may present a challenge to the practitioner. The occurrence of 4 canals in the maxillary central incisor is a rare finding. The presented study was a case of a maxillary central incisor with single root and 4 root canals. The case was demonstrated using radiographs and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) scans..

Key words: Cone-beam computed tomography, dental anatomy, dental microscope, maxillary central incisor, tooth morphology

[1]. Vertucci FJ. Root canal morphology and its relationship to endodontic procedures. Endod Topics 2005;10:3‑29.
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Abstract: BACKGROUND : Multiple gestations are becoming a problem of increasing dimensions with a dramatic increase in numbers in the last decade due to pregnancy at older age and widespread use of assisted reproductive technology Objectives :To study the incidence of vaginal delivery versus caesarean section in twin pregnancy in primigravida. To study maternal and fetal outcome in twin pregnancy among primigravida. METHODS : A Prospective observational study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupati conducted over one year from October 2017 to September 2018. RESULTS : In one year, total of 11,242 deliveries were conducted and amongst them 48 were twin pregnancies in primigravida, giving........

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Abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of hand files, ProTaper R, Reciproc, XP-Endo Shaper in combination with XP-Endo Finisher R in the removal of obturation material with and without the aid of solvent. 120 extracted human mandibular premolars with single straight oval root canal were selected and prepared with a Reciproc #25.08 to the working length. The teeth were obturated with Elements Free Obturation Unit with AH Plus Sealer and then divided randomly into ten groups (n=10) according to the retreatment techniques. Group 1; hand files, Group 2; Reciproc, Group 3; ProTaper R, Group 4; XP-Endo Shaper, Group 5; XP-Endo Shaper in combination with XP-Endo Finisher R. In Groups 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 the mechanical retreatment procedures were the same as Groups 1, 2, 3.

Keywords: Protaper R, Reciproc, Retreatment, SEM, XP-Endo Shaper, XP-Endo Finisher R.

[1]. İriboz E, Sazak Öveçoğlu H. Comparison of ProTaper and Mtwo retreatment systems in the removal of resin-based root canal obturation materials during retreatment. Aust Endod J 2014; 40: 6-11.
[2]. Crozeta BM, Silva-Sousa YTC, Leoni GB, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Fantinato T, Baratto-Filho F, et al. Micro-computed tomography study of filling material removal from oval-shaped canals by using rotary, reciprocating, and adaptive motion systems. J Endod 2016; 42(5): 793-7.
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[4]. Fariniuk LF, Westphalen VP, Silva-Neto UX, Carneiro E, Baratto Filho F, Fidel SR, et al. Efficacy of five rotary systems versus manual instrumentation during endodontic retreatment. Braz Dent J 2011; 22: 294–8.
[5]. Marques da Silva B, Baratto Filho F, Leonardi DP, Henrique Borges A, Volpato L, Bramco Barletta F. Effectiveness of ProTaper, DRaCe, and Mtwo retreatment files with and without supplementary instruments in the removal of root canal filling material. Int Endod J 2012; 45: 927–32

Abstract: Introduction The changes in BP with changes in weather occur through different mechanisms, in the form of increased BP during winters and decreased BP during summer. This study is planned with the objectives of assessing the seasonal variation in blood pressure and its association with nutritional status (BMI) in healthy population. Materials & Methods The study was conducted in Department of Medicine, People's College of Medical Science & Research Center, Bhopal from December 2016 to June 2018. Normotensive individuals aged 18-80 years and giving consent were included in the study..........

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Abstract: Aims and Objectives: To assess the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosing early manifestations of Alzheimer's disease and to improve its accuracy in diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a group of 60 patients, who underwent MRI, along with MR spectroscopy, at our hospital. The study group was divided into thirty cognitively impaired and thirty cognitively normal patients, based on their clinical symptoms. MR spectroscopy was performed in posterior cingulate gyrus region using single voxel technique and the metabolite ratios NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, mI/Cr and NAA/mI were calculated. These ratios were correlated with imaging and clinical diagnosis. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to obtain cut off values with appropriate sensitivity and specificity........

Keywords: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; dementia; mild cognitive impairment; Alzheimer's disease

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[3]. Öz, G., Alger, J. R., Barker, P. B., et al. Clinical Proton MR Spectroscopy in Central Nervous System Disorders. 2019. [4]. Kantarci, K. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Common Dementias. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America. 2013;23(3):393-406.

[5]. Schott, J. M., Frost, C., MacManus, D. G., Ibrahim, F., Waldman, A. D. and Fox, N. C. Short echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal multiple time point study. Brain. 2010;133(11):3315-3322...

Abstract: Oral malodor is one of the major concern of patients today as it brings marked psychological discomfort and may interfere with social interactions. Although it usually originates from oral cavity, there are multiple other systemic causes that have to be addressed for its diagnosis. Correct diagnosis of the cause of the malodor and its precise treatment can render the patient satisfaction. There are newer development in faster and more efficient detection of levels of malodor, and wide array of treatment options are available in the market. It is utmost requirement for the dentist to have a sound understanding of this prevalent oral condition and provide effective intervention program. This article reviews the various causes and diagnosis option which will help in treatment of this multifactorial condition..

Key words : Halitosis, periodontal disease, Oral Malodor, volatile sulphur compounds

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