iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2019

Abstract: Objective: An imbalance of the cerebrovascular response during functional activation of the brain has been postulated as a factor in the pathophysiology of migraine .The purpose of this study is to determine ictal and inter ictal hemodynamic abnormalities by Transcranial Doppler (TCD) Sonography and compare them in patients of Migraine with or without Aura with Controls . Methods :This is Single Center , Prospective , Case Control study conducted on 100 patients (50 cases ,50 controls)during January 2013 to August 2014 in a Tertiary care hospital.Subjects were classified as ictal or interictal based on.......

Keywords :MCA ,TCD , MIGRAINE

[1]. Steiner et al. The Journal of Headache and Pain 2013, 14:1 www. the journal of headache and pain.com/content/14/1/1
[2]. Bradley‟s Neurology in Clinical Practice sixth edition volume2, Chapter 69
[3]. Anthony R. Lupetin, MD, Donalee A. Davis, CNRN, Irwin Beckman, DO, Nilima Dash, MDTranscranial Doppler Sonography Part 1. Principles, Technique, and Normal Appearances RadioGraphics1995; 15:179- 191.
[4]. Micieli G, Bosone D, Marcheselli S, Cavallini A, Rossi F, Nappi G. Cerebral hemodynamics in primary headaches : the transcranial Doppler experience. Cephalalgia 1998;18Suppl 21:17-22. Oslo. ISSN 0800-1952.
[5]. Villalon CM, Centurion D, Valdivia LF, De Vries P, Saxena PR. Migraine: pathophysiology, pharmacology, treatment and future trends. CurrVascPharmacol 2003; 1: 71–84.

Abstract: Background.PBL provides motivation for self directed learning, offers an opportunity to work in groups and helps develop problem solving skills. Problem based learning(PBL) has emerged as an effective teaching learning tool and has been adopted by many medical schools worldwide. PBL has been recently adopted as one of the teaching-learning methods even in the department of Physiology in our institute. Aim: To assess the students' perception and opinion on problem based learning. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study which includedfifty MBBS students of NEIGRIHMS. The students were voluntarily asked to respond to a 7 item questionnaire evaluating their perception and opinion on PBL Perception was measured with a 3 point likert scale. Paired t-test........

Key Words: Problem based learning, teaching learning tool, group learning

[1]. Milan LPB, Semer B, Rodrigues JM, Gianinin RJ. Traditional learning and problem based learning: self persception of preparedness for internship. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2012; 58:594-599
[2]. Muller S.Physicians for the twenty-first century: Report of the project panel on the general professional education of the physician and college preparation for medicine. J Med Edu 1984;59(11 Pt 2): 1-208.

[3]. Ostbye T, Fernando ML, Robinson M, Weston WW. Introducing problem-based learning into a traditional undergraduate medical curriculum. Natl Med J India 1996; 9: 231-6.
[4]. Boyer Commission on Educating Undergraduates in the Research University.Reinventing Undergraduate Education: A Blueprint for America's Research Universities. Stony Brook, NY: State University of New York, 1998.
[5]. National Research Council. From Analysis to Action: Undergraduate Education in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1996..

Abstract: Abstract: This study reports a case of multiple epidermoid cysts of the tonsil with actinomycosis in a 56-years-old female patient presented to our ENT outpatient department with discomfort in the throat and presence of a few whitish masses over her right tonsil which was her major concern. She underwent a tonsillectomy followed by a course of antibiotic for 3 weeks the diagnosis was confirmed by histology.Our results indicate that actinomycetes may play an active role in the etiology of epidermoid cyst of tonsillar tissue. The clinical importance of recognising this organism lies in the fact that definitive treatment requires a long course of penicillin group antibiotics even after surgical excision. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in English-indexed literature

Keywords: Palatine tonsil, multiple cysts, epidermoid cyst, Actinomyces

[1]. Priyadarshini SA, Shubhashree AR, Ganapathy H. Actinomycosis of tonsils- incidental or pathological?- A case report. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2014; 5(4):164 – 168
[2]. Shobha K, Kumar H, Raj D, Srinivasa K, Jayaganesh. Epidermoid Cyst in Tonsil- a rare presentation. Transworld Medical Journal 2014;2(1): 75–76.
[3]. Kini YK, Kharkar VR, Rudagi BM, Kalburge JV. (2013). An unusual occurrence of epidermoid cyst in the buccal mucosa: A case report with review of literature. J Maxillofac Oral Surg, 12, 90-93.
[4]. Shivakumar MS, TL Yogesh, Tejavathi Nagaraj,Pooja Sinha . (2015). Epidermal inclusion cyst of buccal mucosa: A rare case report. International Journal of Medical and Dental Case Reports, article ID 050115, 3pages
[5]. Gulia SP, Lavanya M, Kamidi V, Arun Kumar SP. Epidermoid cyst of the tonsil: An incidental finding. Int J Adv in Case reports 2015;2:777-779.

Abstract: Introduction: Basilar artery is a single trunk, formed at the pontomedullary junction, by joining two vertebral arteries. It runs in the median groove of Pons, in the subarachnoid space. It ends by dividing into right and left posterior cerebral arteries, at the upper border of pons.Aneurysms are more common at the site of termination of basilar artery and may compress the oculomotor nerve. Incidence rate of basilar artery aneurysm depends upon pattern of termination of basilar artery as shown by various studies. Methods: Study on variant pattern of termination of basilar artery was done by taking 13 human brains, obtained from the cadavers used in the routine educational dissection for undergraduate students in department of Anatomy for......

[1]. Winn H. Richard, Youman's Neurological surgery,( Sixth edition) 2011, volume -4,Elsevier Saunders, page,3740, 3886
[2]. Gunalsandhya et al "Anatomical variability in the termination of basilar artery in human cadaveric brain" published in Turkish neurosurgery, august 2015.DOI 105137/10195149 ,JTN-12812-14
[3]. RomanesG.J.,Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy,(15th edition) 1986, Oxford, Voll-3,page217-219
[4]. OgengoJA,OlabuBO,Obimbo Mm, Sinkeet SR.et al "Variant termination of Basilar artery in black Kenian Population" published in j morphological sciences,2012 vol.29 page 91-93
[5]. BalaManju, SubhasKausal, Passi Dinesh "Trifurcation of basilar artery" a case report, published on International journal of Anatomical variations(2013)6;199-200.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of the bispectral index (BIS) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the acute cerebral function change in coma patients. Methods: In research studied total 28 patients selected which classified under coma Patients. Patients defined as unconscious, unresponsive, or having a Glasgow coma scale score (GCS) ≤8 were considered as comatose in studies ,Among them, 13 male patients, 15 female patients in the age between 48 to 92 years old, (72.10±11.35) years old. The BIS values were recorded and the serum NSE was measured at 24 hr, 72 hr and one week respectively after ICU admission. Neurological outcome was classified according to the Pittsburgh cerebral performance category (CPC 1 to 5)........

Key words: Neuron-specific enolase, Bispectral index, Neurologic outcome, cerebral performance category andGlasgow coma scale.

[1]. Callaway CW, Donnino MW, Fink EL, et al.2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care[J]. Circulation, 2015, 132 (18Suppl2): S465-482.
[2]. Drezner JA, Toresdahl BG, Rao AL, et al. Outcome from sudden cardiac arrest in US high schools: a 2-year prospective study from the National Registry for AED Use in Sports[J]. Br J Sports Med, 2013, 47(18):1179-1183.
[3]. Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Study Group. The Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Study Group.Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest[J]. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(8):549-556.
[4]. Bernard SA, Gray TW, Buist MD et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia[J]. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(8):557-563.
[5]. Johansen J. Update on bispectral index monitoring. Best Pract Res ClinAnaesthesiol 20:81, 2006.

Abstract: Background And Objectives- Maintenance of airway is an integral part of general anaesthesia. Various airwaydevices are used for this purpose. Hemodynamic changes are major hazards of general anesthesia and are probably generated by direct laryngoscopy &endotracheal intubation. Supraglottic airway devices have been widely used as analternative to tracheal intubation during general anaesthesia.Laryngeal mask airway is a supraglottic airway device with an inflatable cuff forming a low pressure seal around the laryngeal inlet and permitting ventilation. Thei-gel is a novel supraglottic airway device made of thermoplastic elastomer which is soft, gel-like.............

Key words: Laryngeal mask airway; i-gel; supraglottic airway device

[1]. Pennant JH, White PF. The laryngeal mask airway: Its uses in anaesthesiology.Anaesthesiology 1993;79:144-163.
[2]. Helmy AM, Atef HM, El-Taher EM, Henidak AM. Comparative studybetween i-gel, a new supraglottic airway device, and classical laryngeal maskairway in anesthetized spontaneously ventilated patients, Saudi J Anaesth2010;4(3):131-6.
[3]. Dorsch JA, Dorsch SE. Understanding Anesthesia Equipment.
[4]. Kovac AL. Controlling the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy andendotracheal intubation. Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 1996;8:63-79.
[5]. Prys-Roberts C, Green LT, Meloche R, Foex P. Studies of anaesthesia inrelation to hypertension II. Haemodynamic consequences of induction andendotracheal intubation. Br J Anaesth 1971;43:531-47.

Abstract: Background: Low birth weight is one of the most serious challenges for maternal and child health in both developed and developing countries. It is the single most important factor that determines the changes of child survival. Nearly 50% of neonatal deaths occur among LBW babies. The survivors among them are at a higher risk of developing malnutrition, recurrent infections and neurodevelopment backwardness. The objective of this study is to assess th effect of antenatal risk factors and mode of delivery on the survival out come of low birth weight babies, in Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad.
Methods: The present study was conducted........

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Abstract: Introduction: Screening test for transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) like HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, malaria and syphilis are mandatory in India. Along with this, mandatory testing for safe blood, transfusion services have also started to inform the TTI reactive donors. But post donation notification and follow-up poses a challenge, majorly due to lack of awareness about this among public. Our primary aim of the study to study the comparison of response rate of donor notification using various forms of communication along with that we also analysed the prevalence of TTIs among blood donors and concordance between various methods of testing. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study from March 2015 to December 2017, total of 46,213 donors were included.........

Key words: Transfusion Transmitted Infection, Donor Notification, Identity Card, Donor Screening

[1]. Bihl F, Castelli D, Marincola F, Dodd RY, Brander C. Transfusion-transmitted infections. Journal of translational medicine. 2007 Jun 6;5(1):25.

[2]. Shyamala V. Transfusion transmitted infections in thalassaemics: need for reappraisal of blood screening strategy in India. Transfusion Medicine. 2014 Apr 1;24(2):79-88.

[3]. Hans R, Marwaha N. Nucleic acid testing-benefits and constraints. Asian journal of transfusion science. 2014 Jan;8(1):2.
[4]. NACO. Standards for Blood Banks & Blood Transfusion Services. National AIDS Control Organization Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India New Delhi ; 29.08 2007 . http://naco.gov.in/blood-transfusionservices-publications
[5]. National AIDS Control Organisation. India department of aids control, ministry of health & family welfare annual report 2016–17. http://naco.gov.in/sites/default/files/naco%20annual%20report%202016-17.pdf

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death worldwide. About two thirds of patients develop impaired pulmonary function after completion of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. Post tubercular impairment can manifest as reversible or irreversible obstructive airway disease, mixed defect or as pure restrictive defects. Cavitation, extensive fibrosis, bulla formation and bronchiectasis implicated in the genesis of airway obstruction caused by the destroyed lung due to pulmonary tuberculosis. Only a few studies have been done to identify this entity, but all the studies have definitely concluded that such an entity exists. Objective of this study is to determine the frequency of airway obstruction in treated patients of tuberculosis in the hospital

[1]. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzali M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors 2001: systemic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006;367:1747-57.
[2]. Anno H and Tomaschefsky JF. Studies on the impairment of respiratory function in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuberc; 1955; 71:333–348.
[3]. Bobrowitz ID, Rodescu D, Marcus H, Abeles H. The destroyed tuberculous lung. Scand J Respir Dis; 1974; 55:82-88.
[4]. Birath G, Caro J, Malmber R, Simonson BG. Airway's obstruction in pulmonary tuberculosis. Scand J Respir Dis; 1966;47:27-36.
[5]. Malmberg R. Gas exchange in pulmonary tuberculosis. II. Review of literature, clinical significance and conclusions. Scand J Respir Dis; 1967;47:227-95..

Abstract: Osteoarthritis of wrist is one of the most common problems encountered by the Orthopaedic surgeons in clinical practice. It results in prolonged functional disability. Majority of these are due to post traumatic sequel, the other causes being either metabolic or inflammatory joint disease or idiopathic. The present study is a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of various subtypes of osteoarthritis in symptomatic patients above 40 years who consulted the outpatient department in our institute.

Key words: osteoarthritis - plain radiographs - wrist

[1]. Krista E.Weiss, Craig M.Rodner MD Osteoarthritis of wrist The Journal of Hand Surgery vol32 A .NO 5 may-june 2007
[2]. Anil K.Bhat ,Bhaskaranand kumar, Ashwath Acharya Radiographic imaging of the wrist Indian J Plastic Surg 2011 may-aug: 44 (2) : 186-196
[3]. Ronit Wollestein, Julio Clavijo, Louis A.Gilula Osteoarthritis of the wrist STT Joint and Radiocarpal joint Hindawi publishing corporation : arthritis 2012 article ID 242159.
[4]. Nimit Patel ,Glenn Russo, Craig Rodner in Chap. Osteoarthritis of the wrist in Osteoarthritis –diagnosis,treatment and surgery 2012 Intechopen
[5]. Watson, H. K. and J. Weinzweig (1999). "Triquetral impingement ligament tear (tilt)." Journal of hand surgery 24(3): 321-324..

Abstract: This study was planned to know the prevalence of depression among diabetics when compared to non-diabetic patients and the associated factors with depression and to correlate with the glycaemic control. This study was an observational study and cross-sectional study. Institutional ethics committee approval was taken. The sample size calculated was 117 (117 diabetics and 117 non-diabetics). The study subjects were grouped into two groups (diabetics and non-diabetics) based on the history of diabetes. They were selected from medicine out-patient department randomly during the study period. The patients aged 19-70 yrs were included in the study. Type-1 diabetics, known psychiatric patients............

Key words: Diabetes, Depression, HAM-D, Glycaemic control

[1]. International Diabetes Federation. https://www.idf.org/our-network/regions-members/south-east-asia/south-east-asia-news.html accessed on Jan 18 2018.
[2]. Burden of diabetes www.searo.who.int/india/topics/diabetes_mellitus/en/ accessed on Jan 18 2018.
[3]. Depression in India: Lets talk: Available from www.searo.who.int/india/depression_in_india.pdf accessed on Jan 19 2018.

[4]. Ranjan Das, Omprakash Singh, Rajarshi G T, M.R. Khandakar, S.N.Ali, Asim K.M et al Prevalence of Depression in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and its Impact on Quality of Life. Indian J Psychol Med. 2013 Jul Sep; 35(3): 284–289. doi: 10.4103/02537176.119502.
[5]. Amit Raval, Ethiraj D, Anil B, Sandeep G, Pramil T. Prevalence & determinants of depression in type 2 diabetes patients in a tertiary care centre Indian J Med Res 132, August 2010, 195-200.

Abstract: Introduction : Le rôle du système dans la physiopathologie des vascularites à ANCA a longtemps été méconnu jusqu'à ces dernières années où il est devenu une cible thérapeutique (anticorps anti-C5a) et un facteur pronostique (corrélation négative entre le taux de C3 et le pronostic rénal et vital). Notre objectif est d'évaluer le rôle du complément dans les vascularites rénales à ANCA, et sa relation avec les données clinico-biologiques, histologiques et pronostiques. Materiel Et Methodes : C'est une étude rétrospective incluant les patients porteurs d'une vascularite rénale à ANCA menée entre Janvier 2009 et Décembre 2018. Les patients n'ayant pas eu de dosage du C3 avant l'initiation du traitement ont été exclus. Deux groupes de patients ont été définis selon le taux de (C3<0,9 ou ⩾0,9 g/l). Nous avons colligé puis comparé les données anthropométriques, clinico-biologiques, histologiques et évolutives. L'analyse......

Key words: renal vasvulitis, ANCA, alternative complement pathway, Prognosis

[1]. Guilpain P, Chanseaud Y, Tamby MC, Mahr A, Servettaz A, Guillevin L et al. Pathogénie des vascularites systémiques primitives (I) : vascularites ANCA-positives. La Presse Médicale. 2005 Août ; 34(14):1013-22.
[2]. Groh M, Le Pendu C, Mahr A. Classification des vascularites. Revue du rhumatisme monographies. 2017 juin ;84(3):207-14.
[3]. Mouthon L, Millet A, Régent A, Pederzoli-Ribeil M, Witko-Sarsat V. Physiopathologie des vascularites ANCA-positives. Presse Med. 2012; 41: 996–1003.
[4]. Molada Y, Tovarb A, Ofer-Shiber S. Association of Low Serum Complement C3 with Reduced Patient and Renal Survival in Antimyeloperoxidase-Associated Small-Vessel Vasculitis. Nephron Clin Pract 2014;126:67–74.
[5]. Augusto JF, Langs V, Demiselle J, Lavigne C, Brilland B, Duveau A et al. Low Serum Complement C3 Levels at Diagnosis of Renal ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Is Associated with Poor Prognosis. 2016 Jul; 11(7): e0158871.

Abstract: Health professionals still prefer to give various drug regimens for patients undergoing surgical removal of mandibular third molar to counteract swelling and pain. The study result help in deciding treatment regimen to be followed after third molar surgeries and suggests better patient comfort level is achieved with use of dexamethasone compared to serratiopeptidase for patients undergoing third molar surgeries. In this study serratiopeptidase and dexamethasone had equal and minimal effect on trismus. Serratiopeptidase can be used as an alternative drug to control inflammation in cases where corticosteroids are contraindicated.

Key words: Swelling, Pain, Trismus, Serratiopeptidase, Dexamethasone

[1]. Filho JRL, Maurette PE, Allais M, Cotinho M, Fernandes C. Clinical comparative study of the effectiveness of two dosages of Dexamethasone to control postoperative swelling, trismus and pain after the surgical extraction of mandibular impacted third molars. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008; 13:E129–32.
[2]. Markiewicz MR, Brady MF, Ding EL, Dodson TB. Corticosteroids reduce postoperative morbidity after third molar surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Sep; 66(9):1881-94.
[3]. Kaur N, Misurya R, Narula R, Kumar M, Neelkamal, Neeraj. Comparison of the clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone with ibuprofen and ibuprofen alone on the postoperative sequelae of surgical removal of impacted third molar. Indian J Pain. 2014; 28:105-10.
[4]. Ata-Ali J, Ata-Ali F, Peñarrocha-Oltra D, Peñarrocha M. Corticosteroids use in controlling pain, swelling and trismus after lower third molar surgery. J ClinExp Dent. 2011; 3:e469-75.
[5]. Chopra D, Rehan HS, Mehra P, Kakkar AK. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of paracetamol, serratiopeptidase, ibuprofen and betamethasone using the dental impaction pain model. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009; 38:350-5.

Abstract: Breast cancer is the second cause of death among women. Early prediction of breast cancer will help with the survival of breast cancer patients. Data mining and machine learning have been widely used in the diagnosis of breast cancer and on the early detection of breast cancer. The aim of this research is to review the role of machine learning and data mining techniques in breast cancer detection and diagnosis. Most of these studies concentrated on diagnoses and prognoses breast cancer using WEKA tool. Most of the studies compared different classification algorithms to breast cancer prediction such as Decision tree, Naïve Bayes, and Artificial Neural Network.

Key words: breast cancer, machine learning, data mining, classification algorithms, clustering algorithms

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