iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2019

Abstract: Introduction: Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as the sequence of two or more spontaneous abortions as documented by either sonography or on histopathology, before 20 weeks (American Society Of Reproductive Medicine guidelines 2013). It affects nearly 1% of women in reproductive age group & the risk of recurrence increases with each successive abortion. It becomes nearly 30% after three consecutive losses. Various biochemical markers have been identified as predictors of miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy. Cancer Antigen- 125 (CA 125) is a high molecular weight glycoprotein, expressed by foetal chorionic membrane, amniotic fluid & maternal decidua. Therefore, in cases of disruption of decidua or foetal membranes, its levels in maternal..........

Keywords: Beta HCG, CA-125, Progesterone, Recurrent pregnancy loss

[1]. Sotiriadis A, Papatheodorou S, Makrydimas G. Threatened miscarriage: evaluation and management. BMJ. 2004;329(7458):152–155.

[2]. Mahdi B. Estimation of CA-125 level in first trimester threatened abortion. The Internet Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2009;12(2):1–5.

[3]. Fiegler P, Katz M, Kaminski K, Rudol G. Clinical value of a single serum CA-125 level in women with symptoms of imminent abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. J Reprod Med. 2003;48(12):982–988.
[4]. Ayaty, S.; Roudsari, F.V. and Tavassoly, F. 2007. CA125 in normal pregnancy and threatened abor on. Iranian J. Reprod. Med., 5: 57-60.
[5]. Bellon, S,.; Anfossi, S.O. and Brien, T.J. 2009. Genera on of CA125 specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in human leukocytes antigen– A2,1 posi ve healthy donors and pa ent with advanced ovarian cancer. American J. Obstet. Gynecol., 200: 75e1-e10.

Abstract: Emergence of advanced digital technology has opened up new perspectives for design and production in the field of dentistry. Rapid prototyping (RP) is the name given to the host of related techniques that are used to fabricate the physical models based on computer aided design and manufacturing. RP technology allows building of a three-dimensional (3D) model layer by layer, by additive process, reproducing almost every form of the external and internal anatomical structure by using 3D printers or stereolithography machines. RP is used in dentistry for a range of dental specialties including orthodontics, oral surgery, operative dentistry, prosthodontics etc. It has advantages of simplicity, flexibility, reliability, accuracy, better visualization and time saving. In this world.........

Key Words: Rapid prototyping, orthodontics, oral surgery, operative dentistry, prosthodontics

[1]. Biglino G, Schievano S, Taylor AT. The use of rapid prototyping in clinical applications. In: Hoque M, editor. Advanced Applications of Rapid Prototyping Technology in Modern Engineering. InTech; 2011. p. 1-21.
[2]. 2)Madhav VNV,Daule R.Prototyping and its applications in dentistry. J Dent Allied Sci 2013;2(2):57-61.
[3]. ChristianGroth, Neal D. Kravitz, Perry E. Jones, John W. Graham, W. Ronald Redmond. ThreeDimensional Printing Technology. JCO/AUGUST 2014 VOLUME XLVIII NUMBER 8
[4]. Vaibhav Bagaria1, Darshana Rasalkar2, Shalini Jain Bagaria3 and Jami Ilyas4 Medical Applications of Rapid Prototyping - A New Horizon
[5]. Azari A, Nikzad S. The evolution of rapid prototyping in dentistry: A review. Rapid Prototyp J 2009;15:216-25.

Abstract: Aim: To estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness in children coming to regional eye hospital (Kurnool) for visually handicapped certificate. Materials and Methods: Data was obtained from children coming to hospital for the visually handicapped certificate. Total 132 children of age ≤ 15 years of age were enrolled for about period of one and half years. Visual acuity estimation, external ocular examination, Retinoscopy and fundus examination was done. Results: The major causes of the blindness included congenital eye anomalies (30%) and retinal causes (13.6%). Corneal opacities caused about 7% and cataract with uncorrected aphakia and amblyopia about 15.2%, bilateral or unilateral phthisis bulbi was also common (9%) followed by optic atrophy (6.2%) and other causes (19%). Conclusion: Among all causes leading to blindness in children preventable causes were about 21% , non treatable causes were about 50% and many others were treatable causes.

Key Words: Childhood blindness ; Prevalence ; Causes; avoidable

[1]. Gilbert C, Rahi J, Quinn G. Visual impairment and blindness in children. In: Johnson, Minassian, Weale, West, editors. Epidemiology of eye disease. 2nd ed UK: Arnold Publishers; 2003Global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1998 (unpublished document WHO/PBL/97.61)
[2]. Rahi JS, Gilbert CE, Foster A, Minassian D. Measuring the burden of childhood blindness. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:387-8
[3]. World Health Organization, Global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness. WHO/PBL/97.61. Geneva: WHO; 1997
[4]. Rahi JS, Sripathi S, Gilbert CE, Foster A. Childhood blindness in India: Causes in 1318 blind school students in nine states. Eye (Lond) 1995;9 (Pt 5):545‑50.
[5]. Dandona L, Williams JD, Williams BC, Rao GN. Population-based assessment of childhood blindness in southern India. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:545-46.

Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of intrathecal and intravenousclonidine on the duration of subarachnoid block in patients undergoing caesareansections under spinal anaesthesia. 63 patients undergoing elective caesareansections under spinal anaesthesia were randomized into three groups of 21 each. Group1 (intrathecal group) each patient received clonidine 30 μg (0.2 ml) and hyperbaric bupivacaine 9 mg.Group 2 (intravenous group)each patient received hyperbaric bupivacaine 9mg intrathecallyfollowed by intravenous clonidine 1μg /mg (0.2 ml)diluted to 10 ml of........

Key words: bupivacaine,clonidine, Intrathecal,intravenous, Ramsay sedation scale, Spinal anaesthesia

[1]. Morgan G Edward, Mikhail Maged S, Michael J, Murray. Regional anesthesia and pain management I: Clinical Anesthesiology, 3rd edition, NewYork: Mc Graw – Hill ,2002; p291
[2]. Brown DL. Spinal block in Atlas of Regional Anaesthesia. 2ndedition. Philadelphia:WB Saunders Company; 1999.
[3]. Kanazi GE, AouadMT, Jabbour-Khoury SI, Al Jazzar MD, Almandine MM, Al-Yaman R, Bulbul M, Baraka AS. Effects of low dose dexmedetomidine or clonidine on the characteristics of bupivacaine spinal block. Acta Anesthesiol Scand 2006; 50: 222-117.
[4]. Dobrydnjov I, Axelsson K, Thörn SE, Matthiesen P, Klockhoff H, Holmström B, et al. Clonidine combined with small-dose bupivacaine during spinal anaesthesia for inguinal herniorrhaphy: A randomized double-blinded study. Anesth Analg 2003;96:1496–503.
[5]. De Kock M, Gautier P, Fanard L, Hody JL, Lavand'homme P. Intrathecal ropivacaine and clonidine for ambulatory knee arthroscopy: A dose-response study. Anaesthesiology 2001;94:574-8..

Abstract: Function such as speech has to be maintained during the orthodontic treatment. As speech is crucial for communication, to perform day to day activities and social acceptance, precautions should be taken to prevent any disturbance of speech during active and retentive phase of orthodontic treatment. Appliances such as posterior bite plane, Essix retainer and Hawley's appliance have an effect on speech. Many patients advised for these appliances, often complaint about the hindrance in speech. Hence, we would like to evaluate the effects of appliances on speech.

Key words: Posterior bite plane, Essix retainer, Hawley's Appliance

[1]. EzgiAtik, FatmaEsenAydinli, Mavis EmelKayikci, SemraCiger et al Comparing The Effects Of Essix And Hawleys Retainers On The Acoustics Of Speech. EJO 2016:1-6
[2]. Meibodi S E, FatahiMeybodi S, Samadi A H. The effect of posterior bite-plane on dentoskeletal changes in skeletal open bite malocclusion.
[3]. Kulak Kayikci, M.E. Akan, S. Ciger S. Ozkan, S. (2012) Effects of Hawley retainers on consonants and formant frequencies of vowels. The Angle Orthodontist, 82, 14–21
[4]. Jia Wan, Tong Wang, Xibo Pei, Qianbing Wan, WenkunFeng,Junyu Chen et al Speech Effects Of Hawley And Vaccum-formed Retainers By Acoustic Analysis.ANGLE 2016:286-292
[5]. Kent, R.D. and Kim, Y. (2008) Acoustic analysis of speech. In: Ball, M.J Perkins, M.R., Müller, N., Howard, S. Eds. The Handbook of Clinical Linguistics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK, pp. 360–381.

Abstract: Objective-To investigate the incidence of newly detected cases of diabetes mellitus, and correlation with the body mass index. Research design-The present study used in prospective observational cohort stud Method- Persons newly detected as a case of diabetes mellitus after health checkup. Age > 18 years and the persons known to have diabetes mellitus, coming for routine health checkup, age < 18 years and persons having impaired glucose tolerance were not placed in inclusion criteria. Sample and sampling technique-A total of 158 persons were selected strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria out of 597 persons who came who came for routine health checkup from 01.07.2009 to 31.12.2009 in the dept. of health checkup at Apollo Hospital, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh............

Key words: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Incidence Rate, Body Mass Index

[1]. Alvin C. Powers: Diabetes mellitus. Harrison's Principal of Internal Medicine 17th Edition: 2275-2304.
[2]. Centers for disease control and prevention. National Diabetes Fact Sheet. United States, 2005.
[3]. Tiyas Sen, Shashank R. Joshi, Zafir F. Udwala. Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: Merging epidemics, JAPI, May 2009, 57.
[4]. Park K. Obesity, Park's Textbook of preventive and social medicine, Feb 2007, 19thEdition:332-336.
[5]. Mohan Anjana, Sreedharan Sandeep, Raj Deepa, et al. Visceral and central abdominal fat and anthropometry in relation to diabetes in Asian Indians, Diabetes Care, 27:2948-2953, 2004.
[6]. Thang S. Han, Ken Williams, Naveed Sattar, et al. Analysis of obesity and hyperinsulinemia in the development of metabolic syndrome: San Antonio Heart Study, Obesity Research,2002, 10, 923-931.

Abstract: Background: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) causes a problem in chewing system which is comprised of the temporomandibular joint and soft tissue around it. Aim: The present study aimed to explore the relationship of Depression and Quality of Life in patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders. Methodology: This is the cross-sectional study which included all consecutive patient with TMD, reported in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with a duration of 3 months and 30 age-sex match healthy controls. Both the groups were assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Quality of Life Index (WHOQOL-100).............

Key words: Temporomandibular joint disorders, Depression, Quality of life

[1]. Okeson JP. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 2008. pp. 129–64. p.
[2]. Rollman GB, Gillespie JM: The Role of Psychosocial Factors in Temporomandibular Disorders. Current Review of Pain 2000, 4:71–81
[3]. Dworkin SF: Temporomandibular disorders: a problem in dental health. In Psychosocial Factors in Pain: Critical Perspectives. Edited by Gatchel RJ, Turk DC. New York: Guilford Press; 1999:213–226.

[4]. LeResche L. Epidemiology of temporomandibular disorders: implications for investigation of etiologic factors. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1997;8:291–305.

[5]. Dworkin SF, Huggins KH, LeResche L, Von Korff M, Howard J, Truelove E, et al. Epidemiology of signs and symptoms in temporomandibular disorders: clinical signs in cases and controls. J Am Dent Assoc. 1990;120:273–81.

Abstract: Introduction: Skin is the largest organ of the body and is most commonly affected Organ in patient with HIV.A wide range of infections and non infectious skin lesions may develop during the course of disease. In a study at least single cutaneous lesion was found in AIDS.The altered host immunity may result in atypical and aggressive presentation of common skin manifestations.So the study of DERMATOPATHIC LESIONS in HIV infected patients with special reference to PRURITIC PAPULAR ERUPTION in correlation with CD4 counts was done Materials and methods: Total number of 100 cases were studied over a period of 2years from Jan 2017 to feb 2019 in the departments.............

[1]. Ananthanarayanan 7th Edition Text book of Microbiology, HIV AIDS Pages: 582 – 599
[2]. IADVL (Indian Association of Dermatology Venereology Leprology) Textbook and Atlas of Dermatology: IInd Edition chapter -54 pages 1283-1293.
[3]. Laboratory guidelines for enumerating CD4 lymphocytes in the context of HIV/AIDS: World Health Organisation 2007
[4]. Lever Histopathology of Skin 8th Edition chapter- 8 Pages 7-8. and 586-588
[5]. Robbins and Cotran Text Book of Pathology – 7th Edition page 245-358..

Abstract: Mini implants have become the evolutionary change in the phase of implant placement.Unlike dental implants where multiple visitsbecomehassles for patients, mini implants eliminate the need for surgery and multiple appointments.The most common use for mini dental implant is the stabilization of overdenture and orthodontic treatments but now they are also used in paediatric dentistry for congenitally missing teeth and tooth loss due to trauma.Dental prosthesis helps in conventional oral rehabilitation of patients with anterior tooth loss. Mini implant is a temporary anchorage device, constitutes of pure titanium or titanium alloy as they are biocompatible and highly inert.

[1]. C. M. Viegas, S. M. Paiva, A. C. Carvalho, A. C. Scarpelli, F.M. Ferreira, and I. A. Pordeus, "Influence of traumatic dental injury on quality of life of Brazilian preschool children and their families," Dental Traumatology, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 338–347, 2014.
[2]. Agarwal N, Kumar D, Anand A, Bahetwar SK. Dental implants in children: A multidisciplinary perspective for long-term success. Natl J MaxillofacSurg Volume 7 | Issue 2 | July-December 2016.
[3]. S. Lin, O. Zuckerman, Z. Fuss, and M. Ashkenazi, "New emphasis in the treatment of dental trauma: Avulsion and luxation," Dental Traumatology, vol. 23,no. 5, pp. 297–303, 2007.
[4]. D. Br¨ullmann, R. K. Schulze, and B. d'Hoedt, "The treatment of anterior dental," Deutsches ¨ Arzteblatt International, vol. 108, no.34-35, pp. 565–570, 2010.
[5]. E.-J. Oh, T.-D. T. Nguyen, S.-Y. Lee, Y.-M. Jeon, T.-S. Bae, and J.-G. Kim, "Enhanced compatibility and initial stability of Ti6Al4V alloy orthodontic miniscrews subjected to anodization,Cyclic precalcification, And heat treatment," Korean Journal of Orthodontics, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 246–253, 2014.

Abstract: Keratoacanthoma is a. self-limited benign lesion usually presenting as a solitary, dome shaped nodule with a central crater filled with keratin. It frequently occurs on the sun exposed areas of the skin. Keratoacanthoma can be difficult to differentiate from oral squamous cell carcinoma both clinically and microscopically as it shows epithelial proliferative lesion that eventually presents with very similar clinical features to squamous cell carcinoma. Many KA appear in the vermilion border of the lips and therefore dental professionals must be familiar of the disease. This article reports the case of a 45-year-old male patient presenting with an exophytic ulcerative tumor in her lower lip that resolved after incisional biopsy.

Keywords: Keratoacanthoma, Low grade malignancy, Keratin, Lower lip

[1]. Schwartz RA. Keratoacanthoma. J Am AcadDermatol. 1994;30:1-19.
[2]. Patil P, Rathor V, Venkatraman S, Saxen S, Kamarthi N. Solitary keratoacanthoma involving upper lip: a diagnostic dilemma - case report and a brief review.Journal section: Oral Medicine and Pathology.J ClinExp Dent. 2010;2(1):e34-7.
[3]. Chauhan A,Chaudhary S, Agnihotri PG,Aadithya B. A solitary crateriform ulcer of the lower lip: A case report with review of literature. Indian journal of dermatology.2011;4:435-438.
[4]. Lara Maria A, Sérgio V, Adriano M , Marcus A, Antônio.Keratoacanthoma of the inferior lip: review and report of case with spontaneous regression.J Appl Oral Sci. 2009;17(3):262-5
[5]. Ko CJ. Keratoacanthoma: facts and controversies. ClinDermatol 2010;28:254-61

Abstract: Introduction: Endodontic instruments upon rotation are subjectedto both tensile and compressive stress incurved canals. This stress is localized at the pointof curvature.The purpose of this reviewwas to assess and compare theresistancetocyclicfatigueofXP-endoShaper(XPS;FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) instruments with different nickel-titanium alloy instruments. Material and methods: Electronic searches were performed in the Medline(PubMed), Scopus& Google Scholar databases using relevant keywords. Textbook searching was also applied. Following selection, articles were fully reviewed to ensure that they met inclusion/ exclusion criteria...............

Keywords: Cyclic fatigue resistance, XP-endo Shaper, nickel-titanium alloy rotary instruments.

[1]. Sattapan B, Nervo GJ, Palamara JE, Messer HH (2000) Defects in rotary nickel-titanium files after clinical use. J Endod 26:161–165

[2]. Gambarini G, Gergi R, Naaman A, Osta N, Al Sudani D (2012) Cyclic fatigue analysis of twisted file rotary NiTi instruments used in reciprocating motion. Int Endod J 45:802–806

[3]. Gambarini G, Grande NM, Plotino G, Somma F, Garala M, De Luca M, Testarelli L (2008) Fatigue resistance of engine-driven rotarynickel-titanium instrumentsproducedbynew manufacturing methods. J Endod 34:1003–1005

[4]. Gutmann JL, Gao Y (2012) Alteration in the inherent metallic and surface properties of nickel-titanium root canal instruments to enhance performance, durability and safety: a focused review. Int Endod J 45:113–128

[5]. Elnaghy AM, Elsaka SE (2014) Assessment of the mechanical properties of ProTaper Next nickel-titanium rotary files. J Endod 40:1830–1834

Abstract: Background: Gallbladder perforation is a rare but serious complication of acute cholecystitis. Its clinical features and management has evolved considerably since its classification by Niemeier in 1934. With the advancement in interventional radiology most of the patients are managed conservatively. We are presenting the clinical scenario and management of this rare complication. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the surgical emergency and the patients with acute abdomen were evaluated and managed for a period of one year. Results: Out of the twelve cases, seven patients were male and five were female. Nine patients were above the age of sixty years. According.............

Keywords: Acute cholecystitis, Niemeier classification, gallbladder perforation, radiological drainage

[1]. Schwartz's principles of surgery 10th edition Gall bladder and the extrahepatic biliary system, Thai H Pam. McGraw Hill Education; 2014; 1309-1340.

[2]. Roslyn JJ, Thompson JE, Darvin H, DenBesten L. Risk factors for gallbladder perforation. Am J Gastroenterol. 1987; 82:636–640. [3]. Lein HH, Huang CS. Male gender: risk factor for severe symptomatic cholelithiasis. World J Surg. 2002; 26:598–601.

[4]. Niemeier OW. Acute Free Perforation of the Gall bladder. Ann Surg.1934;99:922-4.

[5]. Isch JH, Finneran JC, Nahrwold DL. Perforation of the gallbladder. Am J Gastroenterol. 1971;55:451-8.

Abstract: Introduction: Lymph Node Tuberculosis (LNTB) is considered to be the local manifestation of a systemic disease. LNTB often affects children and young adults. Mycobacterial lymphadenitis most frequently affects patients in their second decade but may affect patients of any age. Some patients with LNTB may manifest systemic symptoms and these include fever, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats. There are many methods for detecting LNTB in patients, but recently focus has been shifted to Molecular diagnosis or nucleic acid amplification (NAA). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of CBNAAT in LNTB. Materials And Methods: This study was conducted at Institute of Respiratory diseases, SMS Medical college, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India from June 2017, to June 2018. In total, 51 consecutive patients, with suspicion of LNTB were subjected fine needle aspiration (FNA) and the specimens were processed simultaneously for Ziehl-Neelsen, Cytopathology................

Keywords: CBNAAT, FNAC Of lymph Node, Mycobacterial lymphadenitis

[1]. Sharma SK, Mohan A. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res 2004;120:316-53.
[2]. Gandhare and Mahashur: Tuberculosis of the Lymph Nodes. Astrocyte July-September 2017 Volume 4 Issue 2.
[3]. Asma Ghariani, Taha Jaouadi, Selma Smao, Emna Mehir. Diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF in Tunisia. International Journal of mycobaceriology 2015;4:270-275.
[4]. Global Tuberculosis Report WHO 2018..

Abstract: Introduction: All drugs have therapeutic effects and none are absolutely devoid of adverse effects and prescription of them should be judicious and with a satisfactory risk/benefit ratio. Pharmacovigilance has perceived several advancements throughout the world, over the past few decades. The WHO defines "Pharmacovigilance as the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other possible drug-related problems, including herbal materials." Materials and Methods: This study was done in Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, AP as a retrospective observational study. After getting ethical committee approval and consent from the pharmacovigilance committee of ADR monitoring centre KMC............

Keywords: WHO, risk/benefit ratio, Pharmacovigilance

[1]. Mittal N, Mittal R, Gupta MC. An overview of the pharmacovigilance system in India. Clin Res Regul Aff. 2016;33:4–8.
[2]. Kalaiselvan V, Kumar R, Singh GN. Indian pharmacopoeia commission's partners for promoting public health. Adv Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2015;4:181.
[3]. Tandon VR, Mahajan V, Khajuria V, Gillani Z. Under-reporting of adverse drug reactions: A challenge for pharmacovigilance in India. Indian J Pharmacol. 2015;47:65–71.
[4]. Gahr M, Eller J, Connemann BJ, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C. Subjective reasons for non-reporting of adverse drug reactions in a sample of physicians in outpatient care. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2016;49:57–61.
[5]. Agrawal M, Hishikar R, Joshi U, Halwai A, Toddar TL, Khubchandani V, et al. Adverse drug reaction scenario at ADR monitoring centre of tertiary teaching hospital at Raipur. Indian J Pharm Pharmacol. 2015;2:169–75.