iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2023

Abstract: Background: The increased platelet count has its association with increased prothrombotic activity in diabetics population and play a role in microvascular complications. Various platelet indices play a role in measurement of platelet activity, prothrombotic activity and atherogenic mechanisms. We aim to evaluate role of various platelet indices in a diabetic group, the relationship between increase in platelet parameters with increasing HBA1C value and also comparison of various platelet indices in diabetics from its healthy controls.Material and methods:This isa retrospective cross-sectional observational study carried out at Department of Pathology.....

Key words: Platelet Indices, HbA1c and platelet parameters, High glycemic index.

[1]. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Third report of the national cholesterol education [2]. National Cholesterol Education Program (US). Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults, 2002. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) (No. 2). International Medical Pub. [3]. Bener A, Zirie M, Janahi IM, Al-Hamaq AO, Musallam M, Wareham NJ. Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in a population-based study of Qatar. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2009 Apr 1;84(1):99-106.
[4]. Diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes (HEARTS-D). Geneva]: World Health Organization; 2020 (WHO/UCN/NCD/20.1). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. [5]. Dubey, Ishan et al. "A study to find correlation of platelet indices with HbA1c in diabetic patients with absence/presence of vascular complications." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5 (2017): 1042-1047

Abstract: Background: Benign breast diseases constitute the majority of breast complaints presented by young females to a surgical OPD. Much concern is given to malignant lesions of the breast because breast cancer is the most common malignancy occurring in women; however, benign lesions are 10 times more common than cancerous conditions and deserve attention due to their high prevalence, impact on women's lives, associated anxiety, and possibility of some turning into malignancy. In this study, we aim to find out the pattern of benign breast diseases regarding prevalence, age distribution, clinical presentation and comparison with pathological (FNAC) and radiological (USG) studies.......

Key words: benign breast diseases; fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC); ultrasonography (USG); lump; fibroadenoma; fibroadenosis; breast cyst; mastitis; galactocele; breast abscess.

[1]. Kumar BK. Clinico-radiological-pathological study of benign breast diseases. Int J Cont Med Resea. 2018;5(12):L1–4.
[2]. Guinebretière JM, Menet E, Tardivon A, Cherel P, Vanel D. Normal and pathological breast, the histological basis. Eur J Radiol [Internet]. 2005;54(1):6–14. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.11.020
[3]. Travis RC, Key TJ. Oestrogen exposure and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res [Internet]. 2003;5(5):239–47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bcr628
[4]. Murshid KR. A review of mastalgia in patients with fibrocystic breast changes and the non-surgical treatment options. J Taibah Univ Med Sci [Internet]. 2011;6(1):1–18. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1658-3612(11)70151-2
[5]. Lehman CD, Blume JD, Weatherall P, Thickman D, Hylton N, Warner E, et al. Screening women at high risk for breast cancer with mammography and magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer [Internet]. 2005;103(9):1898–905. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20971

Abstract: Objective: To investigate efficacy and safety of Sub-mucosal Peeling of Tongue Base with Radiofrequency in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Setting: Zagazig and Suez Canal Universities Hospitals methods: Twenty-one (21) patients underwent Submucosal Peeling for tongue base with Radiofrequency and Anterolateral advancement pharyngoplasty (ALA) Procedures according to the following: Age is ≥18 and ≤60 years old, BMI less than 35kg/m2, patients with moderate to severe OSA (defined as AHI >15) and having multilevel obstruction essentially tongue base collapse. Patients having retropalatal airway obstruction only were excluded. Patients were diagnosed and assessed before and six months after surgery by historyof OSA symptoms, outpatients clinical examination......

Keywords: Obstructive apnea; Polysomnography, Cephalometry, , Tongue base Peeling, Radiofrequency.

[1]. Vicini, C., Montevecchi, F., Dachuri, S., Obaidat, H., Rashwan, M. S., &Meccariello, G. (2017). Transoral Robotic Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: 9 Years of Experience. Current Surgery Reports, 5(6),12.
[2]. Woodson, B. T., Derowe, A., Hawke, M., Wenig, B., Ross Jr, E. B., Katsantonis, G. P. &Benbadis, S. (2000). Pharyngeal suspension suture with Repose bone screw for obstructive sleep apnea. Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, 122(3), 395- 401.
[3]. Maturo, S. C., & Mair, E. A. (2006). Submucosal minimally invasive lingual excision: an effective, novel surgery for pediatric tongue base reduction. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 115(8),624-630.
[4]. Powell, N. B., Riley, R. W., &Guilleminault, C. (1999). Radiofrequency tongue base reduction in sleep-disordered breathing: apilot study. Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, 120(5),656-664.
[5]. Emara, T. A., Hassan, M. H., Mohamad, A. S., Anany, A. M., & Ebrahem,A. (2016). Anterolateral advancement pharyngoplasty: A new technique for treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 155(4),702-707.

Abstract: Background: The conventional methods for block assessment are subjective and require patient cooperation. These methods consume time and are observer-dependent. Hence, objective methods have been developed for block assessment. The primary objective was to evaluate whether the perfusion index and perfusion index ratio can be used as predictors of successful infraclavicular nerve block. The secondary objective was to determine the cut-off value for PI and any other relevant observations. Methodology: After approval and permission from the institutional ethics committee no. MC/190/2007/Pt-11/July-2021/TH -26 40 patients of either sex, ASA 1 and 2, between the ages of 18-60, posted for upper limb surgeries under ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block were selected for the study.......

Keywords: Brachial plexus nerve block, infraclavicular block, perfusion index, pulse oximeter, ultrasonography.

[1]. Abdelnasser A, Abdelhamid B, Elsonbaty A, Hasanin A, Rady A. Predicting successful supraclavicular brachial plexus block using pulse oximeter perfusion index. BJA Br J Anaesth. 2017 Aug 1;119(2):276–80.
[2]. Bereket MM, Aydin BG, Küçükosman G, Pişkin Ö, Okyay RD, Ayoğlu FN, et al. Perfusion Index and ultrasonography in the evaluation of infraclavicular block. Minerva Anestesiol. 2019 Jul;85(7):746–55.
[3]. Bergek C, Zdolsek JH, Hahn RG. Non-invasive blood haemoglobin and plethysmographic variability index during brachial plexus block. Br J Anaesth. 2015 May;114(5):812–7.
[4]. Buono RD, Pascarella G, Costa F, Agrò FE. The perfusion index could early predict a nerve block success: A preliminary report. Saudi J Anaesth. 2020 Dec;14(4):442–5.
[5]. Galvin EM, Niehof S, Medina HJ, Zijlstra FJ, van Bommel J, Klein J, et al. Thermographic temperature measurement compared with pinprick and cold sensation in predicting the effectiveness of regional blocks. Anesth Analg. 2006 Feb;102(2):598–604.

Abstract: Background: The endotracheal tube cuff pressure inflated with saline or alkalinized lignocaine during general anaesthesia were compared and incidence of post operative throat symptoms like sore throat and cough were analyzed following extubation. Methodology: We enrolled 98 patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia maintained by nitrous oxide in our prospective, double-blind trial. Patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Group A: Patients in whom saline was used to inflate endotracheal tube cuff, and Group B: Patients in whom alkalinized lignocaine......

Keywords: cuff pressure, endotracheal tube cuff, alkalinized lignocaine, sore throat, cough

[1]. Rizvanović N, Čaušević S, Hrnčić N, Hatibović H. Effect of intracuff alkalinized 2% lidocaine on endotracheal tube cuff pressure and postoperative throat symptoms in anaesthesia maintained by nitrous oxide. Med Glas Off Publ Med Assoc Zenica-Doboj Cant Bosnia Herzeg. 2019 Feb 1;16(1):7–12.
[2]. Gaur P, Ubale P, Khadanga P. Efficacy and Safety of Using Air Versus Alkalinized 2% Lignocaine for Inflating Endotracheal Tube Cuff and Its Pressure Effects on Incidence of Postoperative Coughing and Sore Throat. Anesth Essays Res. 2017 Dec;11(4):1057–63.
[3]. Lam F, Lin YC, Tsai HC, Chen TL, Tam KW, Chen CY. Effect of Intracuff Lidocaine on Postoperative Sore Throat and the Emergence Phenomenon: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PloS One. 2015;10(8):e0136184.
[4]. Navarro LHC, Braz JRC, Nakamura G, Lima RME, Silva F de PE, Módolo NSP. Effectiveness and safety of endotracheal tube cuffs filled with air versus filled with alkalinized lidocaine: a randomized clinical trial. Sao Paulo Med J Rev Paul Med. 2007 Nov 1;125(6):322–8.
[5]. Souissi H, Fréchette Y, Murza A, Masse MH, Marsault É, Sarret P, et al. Intracuff 160 mg alkalinized lidocaine reduces cough upon emergence from N2O-free general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. Can J Anaesth J Can Anesth. 2016 Jul;63(7):862–70.

Abstract: Background and Objectives:- Objectives of the study are to: 1. Determine the existing knowledge regarding selfinsulin administration technique among diabetes mellitus patients as measured by a structured interview schedule. 2. Design and provide instructional demonstration on self insulin administration technique among diabetes mellitus patients. 3. Find the effectiveness of instructional demonstration regarding self insulin administration technique among diabetes mellitus patients as measured by the same structured interview schedule. 4. Find an association between pre–test knowledge score and selected demographic variables.......

[1]. Diabetes mellitus [online]. Available from: URL:http://who.int/diabetes mellitus
[2]. Diabetes mellitus [online]. Available from: URL:http://asiandiabetes.org
[3]. Diabetes mellitus [online]. Available from URL:http://nepaldiabets.org
[4]. Epidemiology: Diabetes in India – a country faced with a mammoth diabetes epidemic.
[5]. Brunton S. Carmichael B, Funnell M. Type 2 diabetes the role of insulin. The Journal of Family Practice Supplement 2005 May

Abstract: Introduction- Gallstone disease are one of the most common biliary pathology. Prevalence of gall stone is 10-14% in adult population of the eastern world. About 3-14.55% patients of cholelithiasis may be associated with the common bile duct (CBD) stones1 Choledocholithiasis can produce a wide range of symptoms and pathology, from benign and asymptomatic to life-threatening septic shock.. Patients may be presented only with jaundice with past history of pain abdomen. CBD stones may be associated with complications like biliary pancreatitis, cholangitis or rarely hepatic abscess which may be associated with high morbidity and mortality. These complications need immediate interventions.....

KEYWORDS- Choledocholithiasis, Bile culture

[1]. Meyers WC: Jones RS. development of the liver and the biliary tract. In Textbook of liver and biliary surgery. J.B. Lippincott Company 1990:(1):1-19.
[2]. Njeze GE. Gallstones. Nigerian Journal of Surgery. 2013;19(2);49-55.
[3]. Maki T. Pathogenesis of calcium bilirubinate gallstone: role of E. coli, betaglucuron and coagulation by inorganic ions ,polyelectrolytes and agitation. Ann Surg. 1966;164;90-100
[4]. Ujiki M, Hedberg HM. Current Understanding of Choledocholithiasis: Clinical Presentation and Pre operative Evaluation. Choledocholithiasis: Springer; 2018.p.31-48.
[5]. Collins C, Maguire D, Ireland A, Fitzgerald E, O'Sullivan GC. A prospective study of common bile duct calculi in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: natural history of choledocholithiasis revisited. Annals of surgery.2004:239910;28.

Abstract: Background: Intertrochanteric hip fracture is a common major public health issue among elderly patients. Indians are at more risk of osteoporosis and hip fractures, as per Malhotra et al.The proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) is a modification of proximal femoral nail (PFN), and it was introduced in 2003. PFNA was designed for proper femoral geometric proportions, but variations exist between Asian and Caucasian femoral geometry. Objective:This study was done to know the clinical outcomes of treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures of femur fixed using PFNA2.......

Key Words: Implant, Osteoporosis, outcomes, proximal femoral nail anti-rotation 2, Trochanteric fractures

[1]. Malhotra N, Mithal A. Osteoporosis in Indians. Indian J Med Res. 2008 Mar;127(3):263-8. PMID: 18497441.
[2]. Pande KC. Prevalence of low bone mass in healthy Indian population. J Indian Med Assoc. 2002 Oct;100(10):598-600, 602. PMID: 12452513.
[3]. Koval KJ, Aharonoff GB, Rokito AS, Lyon T, Zuckerman JD. Patients with femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures. Are they the same? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996 Sep;(330):166-72. doi: 10.1097/00003086-199609000-00020. PMID: 8804287.
[4]. Koval KJ, Zuckerman JD. Subtrochanteric Fractures. In: Hip Fractures. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2000. p. 191–252.
[5]. Calvert PT. The Gamma nail--a significant advance or a passing fashion? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992 May;74(3):329-31. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.74B3.1587869. PMID: 1587869.