iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2023

Abstract: Burns are among the oldest injuries that people today experience and have since man first discovered fire. Autogenous skin is still the best material for burn protection. However, the scarcity of suitable donor skin prompted researchers to explore for substances that would temporarily seal wounds. In recent years, it has been routine practise to temporarily close wounds with biological and synthetic materials(1). There hasn't been a comparison study of burns treated with heparin as a topical application and collagen described, despite the fact that the efficacy of heparin (a glycosaminoglycan) and collagen have been examined independently and proved to be efficacious as against usual care with topical SSD. In our hospital context, it was thought necessary to compare the effectiveness of topical heparin to Type I collagen sheets in the care of partial thickness burns as a temporary dressing strategy(2,3).

Keywords: Burns healing, Topical application, Type I collagen

[1]. Wang Y, Beekman J, Hew J, Jackson S, Issler-Fisher AC, Parungao R, et al. Burn injury: Challenges and advances in burn wound healing, infection, pain and scarring. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018 Jan 1;123:3–17.
[2]. Gupta A, Verghese TJ, Gupta P, Gupta AK. Role of topical heparin in the management of burns: experience in a district government hospital of Karnataka in South India. Plastic and Aesthetic Research. 2015 May 15;2:111–4.
[3]. Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Kozioł M, Tobiasz M, Baj J, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Przekora A. Burn Wound Healing: Clinical Complications, Medical Care, Treatment, and Dressing Types: The Current State of Knowledge for Clinical Practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 25;19(3):1338.
[4]. Schaefer TJ, Szymanski KD. Burn Evaluation And Management. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 [cited 2023 Feb 2]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430741/
[5]. Oryan A, Alemzadeh E, Moshiri A. Burn wound healing: present concepts, treatment strategies and future directions. J Wound Care. 2017 Jan 2;26(1):5–19.

Abstract: A significant global public health issue is tuberculosis (TB). India is responsible for almost one-fourth of the world burden. In India, there were 28 lakh cases and 4.8 lakh deaths from tuberculosis in 2020 (1). Even with effective anti-tuberculosis medication, the healing process can cause a number of sequelae, including fibrosis, cavitations, bronchiectasis, bulla, and calcification. This may result in a number of symptoms and a change in pulmonary function. These individuals typically exhibit symptoms like haemoptysis, dyspnoea, coughing up sputum, wheezing, fever, and dyspnoea(2). With spirometry, the functional state of the lungs is assessed. Lung function has been shown to decline as a result of smoking by numerous ways. Smoking is a major risk factor that affects the respiratory and cardiovascular systems specifically, which can result in a variety of respiratory problems or exacerbate respiratory symptoms(3). The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is any correlation between the effects of smoking on lung function or exercise capacity and the effects of tuberculosis sequelae(4).

Keywords: PFT, Tuberculosis, Smoking.

[1]. Huddart S, Svadzian A, Nafade V, Satyanarayana S, Pai M. Tuberculosis case fatality in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5(1):e002080.
[2]. Shah M, Reed C. Complications of tuberculosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2014 Oct;27(5):403–10.
[3]. Hassmiller KM. The association between smoking and tuberculosis. Salud Publica Mex. 2006;48 Suppl 1:S201-216.
[4]. Sathiyamoorthy R, Kalaivani M, Aggarwal P, Gupta SK. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lung India. 2020;37(1):45–52.
[5]. Adigun R, Singh R. Tuberculosis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 30]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441916/

Abstract: Early childhood dental problems can have a significant impact not only on the oral health of young children, but also on their quality of life and the quality of life of their families. Added to this is the long-term risk of contracting permanent teeth. An objective overview of the current literature on dealing with early childhood caries and its effects on general oral and general health. Findings Recent studies show that the risk of tooth decay, gum disease, crooked teeth, and other common health problems, including overweight and obesity, may be increased in children with early childhood tooth decay.........

[1]. Armfield J. The avoidance and delaying of dental visits in Australia. Aust Dent J 2012; 57: 243–247.
[2]. Hill K B, Chadwick B, Freeman R, O'Sullivan I, Murray J J. Adult Dental Health Survey 2009: rela- tionships between dental attendance patterns, oral health behaviour and the current barriers to dental care. Br Dent J 2013; 214: 25–32.
[3]. Filstrup S L, Briskie D, da Foneseca M, Lawrence L, Wandera A, Inglehart M R. Early childhood caries and quality of life: child and parent perspectives. Pediatr Dent 2003; 25: 431–440.
[4]. Martins-Júnior P A, Viera-Andrade R G, Corrêa-Faria P, Oliveira-Ferreira F, Marques L S, Ramos-Jorge M L. Impact of early childhood caries on the oral health- related quality of life of preschool children and their parents. Caries Res 2013; 47: 211–218.
[5]. Wong H M, McGrath C P, King N M, Lo E C. Oral health-related quality of life in Hong Kong pre- school children. Caries Res 2011; 45: 370–376.

Abstract: Background: Malleolar injuries are complex injuries that are difficult to manage. These injuries gain importance because whole body weight is transmitted through the ankle and have the potential to produce significant long-term disability and complications in the form of instability, pain and early degenerative arthritis. The surgical method restores a perfect anatomy and contact loading characteristics of the ankle, which could be achieved by open reduction and internal fixation.Materials and methods: A prospective study of 30 cases of bimalleolar fractures of ankle managed surgically from November 2020 to October 2022were studied. The functional outcome was evaluated using Olerud and Molander scoring system.Results: In our study......

Key Word: Tension band wiring(TBW), Locking compression plate(LCP)

[1]. Bauer M, Bengnér U, Johnell O, Redlund-Johnell I. Supination-Eversion Fractures of the Ankle Joint: Changes in Incidence over 30 Years. Foot & Ankle. 1987;8(1):26-28.
[2]. Daly PJ, Fitzgerald RH, Melton LJ, Listrup DM. Epidemiology of ankle fractures. ActaOrthopaedica Scandinavian, 1987; 58: 539-44.
[3]. Carragce EJ, Csongradi JJ, Bleck EE. Early complications in the operative treatment of ankle fractures. J Bone Joint Surg 1991; 73B:79- 82.
[4]. Geissler WB, Tsao AK, Hughes JL. Fractures and injuries of the ankle. In: Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults.4th ed. Lippincott Raven;1996: 2201-66.
[5]. Hemanth HP, Patil A, Darshan MS. Functional outcome of ankle fractures treated surgically: A prospective study. J. Evid. Based Med. Healthc. 2016; 3(42), 2073-2085. DOI: 10.18410/jebmh/2016/462.

Abstract: W.H.O. defines economic blindness as "best corrected visual acuity of 6/60 or below in better eye." The biggest misery a person may experience is blindness. Loss of sight is akin to losing a workforce, which weakens the economy of the entire society. A person who is blind develops self-loathing and dependence on their family and country.1,2 A condition known as corneal blindness occurs when the cornea's transparency is compromised, preventing light from passing through the cornea and reaching the retina leading to visual impairment.3

[1]. Khor WB, Prajna VN, Garg P, Mehta JS, Xie L, Liu Z, et al. The Asia Cornea Society Infectious Keratitis Study: a Prospective Multicenter Study of Infectious Keratitis in Asia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018;195:161–70.
[2]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment
[3]. Pascolini D, Mariotti SP. Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(5):614–618. [4]. Sharman S, Vajpayee RB. Corneal blindness – Present status. Cataract Refract Surg Today 2005;5:59-61
[5]. Burton, M. J. Prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Community Eye Health. 2009;22:33–35.

Abstract: Background :Baker's cysts, also known as popliteal cysts, are one of the most common disorders in the knee. These fluid-filled cysts form a lump at the back of the knee that often causes stiffness and discomfort, these cysts commonly arise as a distension of a communicating gastrocnemius- semimembranosus bursa. These cysts usually result from an injury or condition that causes swelling and inflammation inside the knee joint, such as Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis ,Meniscus tear, Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, Other conditions that damage the tissues inside the joint.........

KEY WORDS: Baker's cyst, MSKUS, knee effusion, OA knee

[1]. Chi-Ching Chang, Say-Tsung Liao, Prevalence of Baker's cysts in painful primary osteoarthritis of the knee: a musculoskeletal ultrasound study, Formosan Journal of Rheumatology 2008;22:43-49
[2]. Lindgren PG, Willen R. Gastrocnemio-semimembranous-bursa and its relation to the knee joint. I. Anatomy anD histology. ActaRadiologica 1997;18:497-512.
[3]. Burleson RJ, Bickel WH, Dahlin DC. Popliteal cyst. A clinicopathological survey. J Bone Joint Surg1956;38A:1265-74.
[4]. Gristina AG, Wilson PD. Popliteal cysts in adults and children. Arch Surg 1964;88:357-63.
[5]. Wolfe RD, Colloff B. Popliteal cysts. An arthrographicstudy and review of the literature. J Bone Joint Sur 1972;54A:1057-63.

Abstract: Introduction: The aim is to study on "Knowledge of Danger Signals" in third trimester in pregnant women visiting OPD(1,3). This study assesses pregnant women's knowledge about obstetrical danger signals during her antenatal visits.Maternal knowledge was found to be low regarding warning signs and symptoms(4). Education, residence and income were significantly associated with maternal knowledge of obstetrical warning signs. It need to be given focus as it makes women & their families ready for prompt & appropriate decisions and take measures in case of any adverse event.(5)

Keywords: Knowledge, Signals& Pregnancy. Study Designed: Observational Study.

[1]. Radhika K .A study to assess the knowledge of selected warning signs in pregnancy among primi-gravida women in KempaCheluvamba general hospital, Master thesis, Bangalore, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Sarvodaya College of Nursing,2005.
[2]. Gupta N. Maternal mortality: Magnitude causes & concerns, Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Today, 2004; 9(9):555-58.
[3]. World Health Organization. Improve the quality of maternal health services. Geneva, Switzerland, WHO. Division of Reproductive Health (Technical Support), 1998; 4 (World Health Day – 7April: Safe motherhood / WHO 98.8). Accessed 14 Aug 2008.
[4]. Boro E. A study to assess the effectiveness of self instructional module on self-care strategies of antenatal mothers attending outpatient department in selected hospital, Master thesis, Bangalore, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Goutham College of Nursing ,2007.
[5]. Donna V, Barbara K. Improving maternal health. exd

Abstract: Introduction: The term ascites is derived from the Greek word "ASKOS" (bladder, belly, bag) and denotes the presence of excessive fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Many diseases are known to lead to the formation of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. Basically the causes of ascites may be grouped into those conditions in which the pathological process does not directly affect the peritoneum and those in which the peritoneum itself is involved. The evaluation of a patient with ascites requires that the cause of the ascites to be established. In most cases ascites appears as part of a well-recognized illness such as cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, nephrosis or disseminated carcinomatosis, in these situations the physician should determine that the development of ascites is indeed a consequence of the basic......

[1]. Kumar B, Sharma B, Raina S, Sharma N, Gupta D, Mardi K. Etiology of ascites in adults living in the Hills of Himachal Pradesh, India: A hospital-based study. CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research. 2016 Jan 1;3(1):41.
[2]. Runyon BA. Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. InSleisenger and Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease 2010 Jan 1 (pp. 1517-1541). WB Saunders.
[3]. Ginés P, Arroyo V, Rodés J, Schrier RW, editors. Ascites and renal dysfunction in liver disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. John Wiley & Sons; 2008 Apr 15.
[4]. Ginés P, Quintero E, Arroyo V, Terés J, Bruguera M, Rimola A, Caballería J, Rodés J, Rozman C. Compensated cirrhosis: natural history and prognostic factors. Hepatology. 1987 Jan;7(1):122-8.
[5]. Rimola A, García-Tsao G, Navasa M, Piddock LJ, Planas R, Bernard B, Inadomi JM. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. Journal of hepatology. 2000 Jan 1;32(1):142-53.

Abstract: We report a case of Kounis syndrome , an allergic reaction causing coronary artery vasospasm due to release of inflammatory cytokines through mast cell activation. A case of 41-year-old female diagnosed as disseminated tuberculosis with superadded MRSA infection, with no riskfactors for coronary artery disease developed coronary artery spasm, after 2 hours of initiation of intravenous vancomycin .ECG revealed significant ST-T changes, elevated cardiac enzymes. Drug reaction was suspected, Symptoms and ECG changes resolved after stopping vancomycin and administration of isosorbide mononitrate.

[1]. Kounis NG. Kounis syndrome: an update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeuticmanagement.ClinicalChemistryandLaboratory Medicine(CCLM).2016Oct1;54(10):1545-59.
[2]. Martinez E, Sahni S, Cheema MA, Iftikhar A. Vancomycin-induced coronary artery spasm: a case ofKounissyndrome. CaseReports. 2018 Jan 17;2018:bcr-2017.
[3]. Leibee C, Getachew B, Ehmann MR. Vancomycin-induced Kounis syndrome. The American Journal ofEmergencyMedicine. 2019 Sep 1;37(9):1806-e3.
[4]. OmriM,KraiemH,MejriO,NaijaM,ChebiliN. Managementof Kounissyndrome:twocase reports.Journalof medicalcasereports. 2017 Dec;11(1):1-6.
[5]. Soufras GD, Ginopoulos PV, Papadaki PJ, Zavras GM, Gouvelou-Deligianni GV, Batsolaki M, Kouni S,KounisNG,KoutsojannisCM.PenicillinallergyincancerpatientsmanifestingasKounissyndrome.Heartandvessels. 2005 Jul;20(4):159-63.

Abstract: Background:Pregnant women, generally experienced COVID-19, as a mild to moderate illness, although a minority became critically ill and mortality did occur. Few studies have worked to evaluate the silent alterations of blood biochemical values in asymptomatic or mild forms of the disease. The aim of this work was to study the blood biochemical values in pregnant patients at term, in asymptomatic forms of disease, in different periods during the pandemic, when different viral variants of concern were present. Materials and Methods: A total of 153 pregnant patients with an asymptomatic form of COVID-19, and 306 healthy pregnant patients, admitted for delivery in our hospital between April 1, 2020 and March 1, 2022, were studied. The biochemical blood values and liver function biomarkers, harvested closest to the time of delivery, were considered.......

Keywords: Mild COVID-19; Pregnancy; ALT; AST; Uric acid; Alkaline phosphatase;Lactate dehydrogenase; Cholesterol; C reactive protein.

[1]. Chae, S.Y.; Bhattacharyya, A.; Mendoza, R. COVID-19 in pregnancy: A current review of global cases. ObstetGynecolSurv. 2021 Aug;76(8):504-513. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000925.
[2]. Covali, R.; Socolov, D.; Socolov, R. et al. Complete blood count peculiarities in pregnant SARS-CoV-2 infected patients at term: a cohort study. Diagnostics (Basel)..2021 Dec 30;12(1):80. doi:10.3390/diagnostics12010080.
[3]. Socolov, R.; Akad, M.; Pavaleanu, I. et al. The rare case of a COVID-19 pregnant patient with quadruplets and postpartum severe pneumonia. A case report and review of literature. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021. Nov 1;57(11):1186. doi: 10.3390/medicina 57111186.
[4]. Kasraeian, M.; Zare, M.; Vafaei, H. et al. COVID-19 pneumonia and pregnancy; a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatala Med. 2020 May;35(9):1652-1659. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1763952.Epub 2020 May 19.
[5]. Wang, C.-L.; Liu, Y.-Y.; Wu, C.-H.; Wang, C.-Y.; Wang, C.-H.; Long, C.-Y. Impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy. Int J Med Sci. 2021 Jan 1;18(3):763-767. doi: 10.7150/ijms.49923. eColection 2021.