iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2023

Abstract: Background:Hematuria is defined as presence of >5 RBCs/HPF in uncentrifuged urine. A good clinical examination and urine microscopy distinguishes glomerular from non-glomerular etiology. The causes vary from UTI with quick recovery to severe glomerulonephritis with rapid decline in kidney function. Hence, it's crucial to determine the underlying disease for a better outcome. Materials and Methods:This is a prospective observational study, conducted between March 2021 and June 2022 which enrolled children aged 3 months to 14 years with gross hematuria and data was collected according to a predesigned proforma. General information, detailed history regarding antecedent or current illnesses, infections, urinary complaints drug intake, living conditions of the family, kind of diet consumed was documented.........

Keywords: Hematuria, outcome, UTI urinary tract infection, IRGN Infection related glomerulonephritis

[1]. Bolenz C, Schröppel B, Eisenhardt A, Schmitz-Dräger BJ, Grimm MO: The investigation of hematuria. DtschArztebl Int 2018; 115: 801–7.
[2]. Vedula R, Iyengar AA. Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Hematuria. Indian J Pediatr. 2020 Aug;87(8):618-624
[3]. Ingelfinger JR, Davis AE, Grupe WE. Frequency and etiology of gross hematuria in a general pediatric setting. Pediatrics. 1977;59: 557–61.
[4]. Vehaskari, V.M. et al. (1979) "Microscopic hematuria in schoolchildren: Epidemiology and Clinicopathologic Evaluation," The Journal of Pediatrics, 95(5), pp. 676–684.
[5]. Simon GR, Baker C, Barden GA III, et al; Bright Futures Periodicity Schedule Workgroup. 2014 Recommendations for pediatric preventive health care. Pediatrics. 2014;133:568-570

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this in vivo study was to evaluate the retention force of PEEK clips on PEEK bars in comparison to the conventional Poly-Oxy-Methylene (POM) clips on metallic Cobalt Chromium (Co-Cr) bars when used as attachments to retain mandibular implant overdenture supported by two implants in the interforaminal area. Subjects and Methods:Thirty completely edentulous patients (16 males and 14 females) were selected free from any systemic or local diseases that contraindicate implant placement, or preclude the final results of the study. All patientsfirstly received conventional upper and lower complete dentures, and two conventional implants in the interforaminalregion.......

Keywords: Mandibular implants overdenture, bar attachment, retention force, PEEK bar, PEEK bar clips

[1]. Samara SA, Haidar ZS. Re-visiting Edentulism: Complete Removable Dentures vs. Implant Overdentures. J Oral Health Comm Dent. 2011;55(33):107-9.
[2]. Ribeiro CG, Cascaes AM, Silva AE, Seerig LM, Nascimento GG, Demarco FF. Edentulism, Severe Tooth Loss and Lack of Functional Dentition in Elders: A Study in Southern Brazil. Braz Dent J. 2016;27(3):345-52.
[3]. Muller F. Interventions for edentate elders--what is the evidence? Gerodontology. 2014;31 Suppl 1:44-51.
[4]. Piampring P. Problems with Complete Dentures and Related Factors in Patients in Rajavithi Hospital from 2007 to 2012. J Med Assoc Thai. 2016;99 Suppl 2:S182-7.
[5]. Thomason JM, Kelly SA, Bendkowski A, Ellis JS. Two implant retained overdentures--a review of the literature supporting the McGill and York consensus statements. J Dent. 2012;40(1):22-34..

Abstract: Back ground : Peripheral arterial disease(PAD) comprises those entities which result in obstruction to blood flow in thearteries, exclusive of the coronary and intracranial vessels and the term is usually applied to disease involving the arteries of lower extremity. Aim of this study is to know the various etiologies ,the pattern of clinical presentation, to know the extent of various investigations that are effective in diagnosis and also the extent of management, whether conservative or surgical is effective in peripheral arterial diseases in surgical wards of Guwahati medical college and hospital.........

Key words : Peripheral Arterial diseases, Thromboangitis obliterans ( TAO), Diabetes Mellitus( DM).

[1]. Hiatt WR. Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease and claudication. N Eng J Med 2001;344:1608-21.
[2]. Ouriel K. Detection of Peripheral arterial disease in primary care. JAMA 2001 Sep; 286:1380-1.
[3]. Jaap AJ, Tooke JE. Diabetic angiopathy and Diabetic foot.Chapter 17. In: Tooke JE, Lowe GDO, editors. A textbook of vascular medicine. London: Arnold; 1996. p 254-71.
[4]. Criquis MH, Denenberg JO, Bird CE, Fronek A, Klauber MR, Langer RD. The correlation 1between symptoms and non-invasive test results in patients referred for Peripheral Arterial Disease testing. Vasc Med 1996;65-71.
[5]. Khanna SK. ThromboAngiitisObliterans.Ind J Surg.1978;40:169.

Abstract: Femoral shaft fractures constitute majority of long bone fractures. Closed IM nailing is currently the option of choicehowever, they require an image intensifier. This is largely unaffordable in resource poor settings. The SIGN nail was developed for resource poor regions with the benefit of not requiring a C-arm. These nails are provided free and offer the rare opportunity of patients accessing this current treatment technique irrespective of their socio economic status and based on evidence based decisions which is lacking due to paucity of clinical trials. The study was a prospective interventional study aimed to determine the short term outcome and was carried out between January and December 2016 at National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu, Nigeria. Ethical clearance was obtained from the hospital.........

Key words : Femoral Shaft Fractures, SIGN, Intramedullary Nail

[1]. Canale S T, Beaty J H. Campbell's operative orthopaedics: fractures of lower extremity.11th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby, An Imprint of Elsevier; 2008. P.2825-72.
[2]. Starr A.J, Bucholz R.W. Fractures of the shaft of femur. Chapter- 41, Rock Wood & Green's Fractures in Adults, 5th Edn., Vol. 2, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 1683-1730.
[3]. Dim EM, Ugwuegbulem OA, Ugbeye ME. Adult traumatic femoral shaft fractures: a review of the literatures. Ibom medical journal 2012; 5(1): 26-38.
[4]. McGuigan F.X. Skeletal trauma. Chapter 2, Essentials of Orthopaedic Surgery. Fourth edition.Springer,2010 pg. 35-73
[5]. Zirkle LG. Technique manual of SIGN IM and interlocking screw system insertion and extraction guide.2012 November 03; 26-33..

Abstract: Background: pulmonary tuberculosis is still among the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Aims and objectives: The aim of the study was the assessment of hematological parameters in pulmonary tuberculosis Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 127 patients attending the department of Pulmonary Medicine, Andhra medical college, Visakhapatnam diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis on the basis of history, clinical examination, chest x-ray, sputum examination, and laboratory parameters. Results: out of 127 patients. The disease was present significantly more in males and the middle-aged population......

Key words : Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Anemia, Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis.

[1]. Global tuberculosis report 2021. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021
[2]. Goldenberg AS. Hematologic abnormalities and mycobacterial infection. In, Williams NR, Stuart GM (ed). Tuberculosis. Boston, Little – Brown Company, 1996; 645-7.
[3]. Vijayan VK, Sagal Das. Pulmonary tuberculosis In, Suredra Sharma (ed). Tuberculosis 1st edition. New Delhi, Jaypee Publishers, 2009; 217-27.
[4]. "Global TB Report 2022", WHO, 2022
[5]. Rohini K, Surekha M, Srikumar PS, Kumar AM. Assessment of Hematological Parameters in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2016;31(3):332–335

Abstract: Background & Objectives: Female urethral strictures are rare but can cause severe symptoms. Etiology can be infection, iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic trauma, radiation etc. It can be treated by minimally invasive techniques and urethral reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to describe the outcome of female urethroplasty using buccal mucosal graft. Methods: This is a retrospective study from September 2019 to November 2021 involving 24 women with urethral stricture who underwent BMG urethroplasty. The diagnosis of urethral stricture was confirmed based on a combination of patient's symptoms, post-void residual urine, uroflowmetry, urethral calibration, urethroscopy, PVR and self........

Key words : urethroplasty; buccal mucosal graft; urethral stricture

[1]. Ackerman AL, Blaivas J, Anger JT. Female urethral reconstruction. Current bladder dysfunction reports. 2010 Dec;5(4):225-32.
[2]. Spilotros M, Malde S, Solomon E, Grewal M, Mukhtar BM, Pakzad M, Hamid R, Ockrim JL, Greenwell TJ. Female urethral stricture: a contemporary series. World Journal of Urology. 2017 Jun;35(6):991-5.
[3]. Montorsi F, Salonia A, Centemero A, Guazzoni G, Nava L, Da Pozzo LF, Cestari A, Colombo R, Barbagli G, Rigatti P. Vestibular flap urethroplasty for strictures of the female urethra. Urologia internationalis. 2002;69(1):12-6.
[4]. NITTI VW, TU LM, GITLIN J. Diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in women. The Journal of urology. 1999 May;161(5):1535-40.
[5]. Popat S, Zimmern PE. Long-term management of luminal urethral stricture in women. International urogynecology journal. 2016 Nov;27(11):1735-41..

Abstract: We present a case of a patient hospitalized at the intensive care unit (ICU) demonstrating the role of an echocardiogram in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) when potential reference imaging is not feasible. A 64-year-old woman was admitted to the Emergency Department of Ibn Rochd University hospital after experiencing chest pain at home. On admission, physical examination revealed borderline hemodynamics, in the high probability of having pulmonary thromboembolism (PE), A bedside transthoracic echocardiography was carried out demonstrating aspects in favor of Acute Cor Pulmonale and a clear thrombus intra-right ventricle and intrapulmonary artery. Thrombolytic treatment was given with unfractionated heparin. After 2 weeks of treatment in the hospital, she was sent home on oral NACO therapy. Now she is under long-term follow-up by our Department of cardiology. the etiology of the EP was correctly diagnosed as it was found to be breast cancer........

Key words : Pulmonary Embolism, Echocardiography, Emergency Department, Case report

[1]. Konstantinides SV, Torbicki A, Agnelli G, et al.: 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J. 2014, 35:997-1053. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu283
[2]. Fields JM, Davis J, Girson L, et al.: Transthoracic echocardiography for diagnosing pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017, 30:714-23. 10.1016/j.echo.2017.03.004
[3]. Kurzyna M, Torbicki A, Pruszczyk P, Burakowska B, Fijalkowska A, Kober J, et al.: Disturbed right ventricular ejection pattern as a new Doppler echocardiographic sign of acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Car- diol. 2002, 90:507-11. 10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02523-7
[4]. McConnell MV, Solomon SD, Rayan ME, Come PC, Goldhaber SZ, Lee RT: Regional right ventricular dysfunction detected by echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol. 1996, 78:469-73. 10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00339-6
[5]. Torbicki A, Galié N, Covezzoli A, et al.: Right heart thrombi in pulmonary embolism: results from the International cooperative pulmonary embolism registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003, 41:2245-51. 10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00479-0

Abstract: Mucormycosis is an aggressive, opportunistic, invasive fungal infection which is more prevalent among debilitating and immunocompromised patients with diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, hematological malignancies, neutropenia, burns, long term steroid therapy and immunosuppressive therapy. Many cases have been reported with mucormycosis infection in post COVID-19 patients. Patients with COVID-19 are at high risk of fungal infections, that may result directly from COVID-19 infection and/or as a side effect of the medications used in COVID-19 treatment.......

Key words : COVID-19 associatedMucormycosis (CAM), mandible, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT

[1]. Abdoli, A et al. COVID - 19 - associated opportunistic infections: a snapshot on the current reports. Clinical and Experimental Medicine (2020) 0123456789.
[2]. Singh A.K et al. Mucormycosis in COVID-19: A systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 15 (2021) 102146.
[3]. Kalaskar RR et al. Oral mucormycosis in an 18-month-old child: A rare case report with a literature review. J Korean Assoc Oral MaxillofacSurg 2016; 42:105-10.
[4]. Aggarwal, A et al. A pictorial review of imaging manifestations of rhino -orbito- cerebral mucormycosis – emerging threat in COVID pandemic. Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (2022).https://doi.org/10.1186/s43055-022-00735-x.
[5]. Roden MM, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported casesexternal icon. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Sep 1;41(5):634-53.

Abstract: Introduction: Guillain-Barré Syndrome is the commonest cause of acquired demyelinating disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system in any part of the world. It is a spectrum of illness of diverse etiology with a common pathological process. It is a non-seasonal illness affecting persons of all age groups. Materials and Methods: Detailed neurological examination including higher mental functions, cranial nerves, motor system, sensory system and autonomic system was done for all 50 patients. Motor power in these patients were assessed according to Medical Research Council grading. Autonomic dysfunction was looked for in all these patients. History of dryness of mouth, postural giddiness and defective sweating over the body were specifically asked for........

Key words : Guillain-Barré Syndrome, peripheral nervous system, severity.

[1]. ADAMS and VICTOR'S – Principles of Neurology – Eighth Edition, P 1121-1127.
[2]. ALLAN H-ROPPER Neurological and Neurosurgical intensive care – Fourth Edition, P -278-295.
[3]. ANDREOLI, CARPENTER, GRIGGS, LOSCALZO-CECIL Essentials of Medicine – sixth Edition, P -1078, 1080.
[4]. ASBURY, MCKHANN, MCDONALD, GOADSBY, MCARTHUR-Diseases of the Nervous system, Third Edition, Volume-2, P-1110 – 1114.
[5]. BRAIN'S Neurology, 11th Edition, P-357-365.

Abstract: Introduction: Pancytopenia is a common entity seen in clinical practice. It is a condition where all the three formed blood elements (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) are reduced below the normal reference range. It has numerous causes. The spectrum of disorders primarily or secondarily affecting the bone marrow may manifest with peripheral pancytopenia. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study of indoor patients of Department of General Medicine, Bhaskar Medical College, Yenkapally, Ranga Reddy, Telangana over a period of 6 months (July 2022-December 2022) including 80 patients. Patients who fulfilled the following inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after their consent........

Key words : Pancytopenia, Megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes

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[2]. Freedman MH, Nelson Textbook of Paediatrics 19th edition, South East Asia; Elsevier Academic Press Ltd. 2011:1684.
[3]. Tilak V, Jain R. Pancytopenia a clinico-hematologic analysis of 77 cases. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 1999;42(4):399-404.
[4]. Khunger JM, Arunselvi S, Sharma U, Ranga S, Talib VH. Pancytopenia a clinicohematological study of 200 cases. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2002,45:375-9.
[5]. Jain A, Naniwadekar M. An etiological reappraisal of pancytopenia – largest series reported to date from a single tertiary care teaching hospital. BMC Hematol. 2013;13(1):10..