iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2023

Abstract: IntroductionPlacentaaccreta - an abnormal trophoblast invasion of a part or total placenta into the myometrium of the uterine wall 1.Placenta accreta spectrum, formerly known as morbidly adherent placenta, refers to the range of pathologic adherence of the placenta, including placenta accreta , increta and percreta. Maternal morbidity and mortality can occur because of severe and sometimes life-threatening hemorrhage. Materials and methodology: Prospective observational study conducted at obstetrics department of NRI General and Super speciality , Chinakakani, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.Study was done after taking permission from institutional ethics.....

Keywords: placenta previa, placenta accreta spectrum, LSCS, cesarean hysterectomy, bladder injury

[1]. Usta IM , Hobeika EM , Musa AA , Gabriel GE , Nassar AH . Placenta previa-accreta: risk factors and complications . Am J ObstetGynecol 2005 ; 193 :1045 – 9 .
[2]. Shellhaas CS , Gilbert S , Landon MB , Varner MW , Leveno KJ , Hauth JC , et al . The frequency and complication rates of hysterectomy accompanying cesarean delivery. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network . ObstetGynecol 2009 ; 114 : 224 – 9 .
[3]. Jauniaux E, Bhide A. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and outcome of placenta previa accreta after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J ObstetGynecol. 2017;217(1):27–36. doi:
[4]. Eller AG , Bennett MA , Sharshiner M , Masheter C , Soisson AP , Dodson M , et al . Maternal morbidity in cases of placenta accreta managed by a multidisciplinary care team compared with standard obstetric care . ObstetGynecol 2011 ; 117 : 331 – 7 .
[5]. Jauniaux E, Alfirevic Z, Bhide AG, et al. Placenta Praevia and Placenta Accreta: diagnosis and Management: green-top Guideline No. 27a BJOG Int J ObstetGynaecol. 2019;126(1):e1–48.

Abstract: Leukodystrophies, are a wide spectrum of inherited neurodegenerative disorders that affect the integrity of myelin in the brain and peripheral nerves. Most of these disorders are classified into lysosomal storage diseases, peroxisomal disorders, and diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Each leukodystrophy has distinct clinical, biochemical, pathological, and radiologic features (1). The etiology of white matter lesions is very heterogeneous and includes congenital(5), vascular(3,4), inflammatory(6,7), neoplastic(2,3), neurodegenerative(2,8,9), metabolic(10,11,12), toxic (13,14)and traumatic origins. The term "toxicleukoencephalopathy" encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases that may injure and cause structural alteration ofthe white matter with functional.......

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[4]. Jäger HR, Gomez-Anson B. Small Vessel Disease – Imaging and Clinical Aspects. In: Barkhof F, Jäger R, Thurnher M, et al., eds; Clinical Neuroradiology. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer; 2019: 167–201
[5]. Rudie JD, Rauschecker AM, Nabavizadeh SA et al. Neuroimaging of Dilated Perivascular Spaces: From Benign and Pathologic Causes to Mimics. J Neuroimaging 2018; 28: 139–149

Abstract: Penile cancer is less frequently occurring cancer, but one with a higher incidence rate in India. Various risk factors leading to cancer development have been identified. Organ preserving surgeries for cancer penis are gaining much grounds. For the management of PeIN (Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia) and carcinoma in situ, topical agents like 5FU (5-flourouracil) and Imiquimod are being successfully used. Use of lasers is being advocated in all lesionstill T1, while radiation therapy has been found effective up to T2 lesions. Among the surgical techniques; Moh's surgery, circumcision and glans resurfacing can be performed for lesions till T1, while Glansectomy can be used even for T2 lesions. Partial penectomy can be performed in lesions till T3 stage......

Keywords: Glansectomy, Glans resurfacing, Moh's surgery, Partial Penectomy, Penile cancer, Topical agents

[1]. Fu L, Tian T, Yao K, Chen X, Luo G, Gao Y, Lin Y, Wang B, Sun Y, Zheng W, Li P, Zhan Y, Fairley C, Grulich A, Zou H Global Pattern and Trends in Penile Cancer Incidence: Population-Based Study JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022;8(7):e34874.
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Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the main factor in end-stage renal disease, adult-onset blindness, and non-traumatic lower extremity amputations brought on by artery atherosclerosis.According to the World Health Organization, diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with multiple aetiologies that is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia and disturbances of the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as a result of defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.After China, India is the country with the second-highest global diabetes burden. According to the International.....

[1]. Seth A, Attri AK, Kataria H, Kochhar S, Seth SA, Gautam N. Clinical Profile and Outcome in Patients of Diabetic Foot Infection. Int J Appl Basic Med Res [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Feb 2];9(1):14–9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6385536/
[2]. Ghobadi A, Ahmadi Sarbarzeh P, Jalilian M, Abdi A, Manouchehri S. Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Severity of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Patients with Diabetes Referred to a Diabetes Centre in Kermanshah. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther [Internet]. 2020 Mar 13 [cited 2023 Feb 2];13:693–703. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7078779/
[3]. Bekele F, Chelkeba L, Fekadu G, Bekele K. Risk factors and outcomes of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetes mellitus patients admitted to Nekemte referral hospital, western Ethiopia: Prospective observational study. Ann Med Surg [Internet]. 2020 Jan 18 [cited 2023 Feb 2];51:17–23. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6992950/
[4]. Factors Related to Severity of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Systematic Review [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 2]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7259447/
[5]. Kumar VH, Moghadam AGB. A study to test the validity of diabetic ulcer severity score (DUSS) at tertiary care hospital. Int Surg J [Internet]. 2017 Nov 25 [cited 2023 Feb 2];4(12):4010–4. Available from: https://www.ijsurgery.com/index.php/isj/article/view/2075

Abstract: Infections that impact either the incision or deep tissue at the operation site and arise up to 30 days after surgery (or up to one year following surgery in patients receiving implants) are known as surgical site infections (SSIs).The most frequent nosocomial infection among surgical patients is surgical site infection (SSI), which makes up 15% of all nosocomial infections. Increased postoperative hospital stays due to postsurgical infection result in significantly greater costs, higher rates......

Keywords: ANTIBIOTICS, EMPERICAL ANTIBIOTICS, SSI

[1]. Reichman DE, Greenberg JA. Reducing Surgical Site Infections: A Review. Rev Obstet Gynecol [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2023 Jan 24];2(4):212–21. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812878/
[2]. Owens CD, Stoessel K. Surgical site infections: epidemiology, microbiology and prevention. J Hosp Infect [Internet]. 2008 Nov 1 [cited 2023 Jan 24];70:3–10. Available from: https://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195-6701(08)60017-1/fulltext
[3]. Major trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial infection - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jan 24]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1928195/
[4]. Rajarajan S, Devi THS, Simon NM, Shankar KRN, Ganesan V. Comparative study on prophylactic antibiotic versus empirical antibiotic in prevention of surgical site infection. J Drug Deliv Ther [Internet]. 2019 Mar 15 [cited 2023 Jan 24];9(2):9–13. Available from: http://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/2344
[5]. Himabindu Bangaru, Varun V. Gaiki, , M. V. Ranga Reddy. Comparative study of single dose preoperative antibiotics versus both preoperative and postoperative antibiotics in laparoscopic appendicectomy for nonperforated appendicitis. Bangaru H et al. Int Surg J. 2017 Sep;4(9):3092-3096.

Abstract: Aim of the study: This research aimed to study the effect of TQ on skeletal muscle innervation in the 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) - induced degeneration of the hamster buccal pouch (HBP). Material and Methods: 70 male golden Syrian hamsters were divided into 3 groups. Group A: (5) untreated animals (negative control group). Group B: (5) animals, topically treated with 0.5% 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) 3/week/6weeks (positive control group). Group C: (60) animals were treated as group B, then divided equally into two sub-groups CI and CII. They received one and two i.p thymoquinone (TQ) (0.1 mg/kg body weight) injection(s), respectively, then 5 animals from each subgroup were euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 20 days after the last TQ injection(s).All HBPs were surgically excised, fixed and processed for H&E, immunohistochemistry (......

Keywords: 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.Thymoquinone. Neurofilament heavy chain. Neuromuscular junction. Muscle specific tyrosine kinase

[1] Juhas M, Bursac N. Engineering skeletal muscle repair. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 2013; 24: 880-886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.04.013.
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[3] Forcina L, Cosentino M, Musarò A. Mechanisms regulating muscle regeneration: Insights into the interrelated and time-dependent phases of tissue healing. Cells. 2020; 9: 1297-1325. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051297
[4] Beehler BC, Sleph PG, Benmassaoud L, Grover GJ. Reduction of skeletal muscle atrophy by a proteasome inhibitor in a rat model of denervation. Experimental biology and medicine 2006; 231: 335-341. https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020623100315.
[5] Rizzuto E, Pisu S, Nicoletti C, Del Prete Z, Musarò A. Measuring neuromuscular junction functionality. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 2017; 126: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3791/55227.

Abstract: Several modalities of management of maxillofacial fractures have been tried in the last few decades. Different osteosynthesis materials such as stainless steel wire , skeletal pins and various plating systems have been used for fixation of bony fragments. Microplates provide adequate fixation of midfacial fractures and can be selectively used for mandibular fractures. They show negligible palpability in the thin maxillofacial regions, very minimal thermal conductivity, highly malleable, so easily adaptable to complex facial contours and highly biocompatible. Microplates give a very good access and easy placement without disturbing adjacent anatomic structures. Background: This study is about the management......

Keywords: Microplates , Open Reduction and Internal fixation, Osteosynthesis

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Abstract: Background: Regional anaesthesia has emerged as an essential technique with simplicity, effectiveness, and safety due to various advantages. Most of the patients presenting for endoscopic urological surgery are elderly, usually with coexisting cardiac, pulmonary, or some other co-morbid conditions. Clonidine, an imidazoline derivative is partial α2-adrenoreceptor agonist that is used intrathecally. Dexmedetomidine, a lipophilic α-methlol derivative highly selective α2 agonist, is under evaluation as a neuraxial adjuvant as it provides stable haemodynamic conditions with anα2/......

Keywords: Bupivacaine, Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine, Endoscopicsurgeries, Spinal anaesthesia

[1]. Barash P, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK, Cahalan M, Stock MC, Ortega R. Clinical Anesthesia 7th edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2013;1373-99.
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[5]. Gupta R, Verma R, Bogra J, Kohli M, Raman R, Kushwaha JK, et al. A comparative study of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as adjuvants to bupivacaine. J AnaesthesiolClinPharmacol2011;27(3):339-43.

Abstract: Background: Trauma is a common cause of admission to hospital emergency department. Elderly patients differ significantly from younger patient in physiology, shock response, mechanisms and types of injury. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cause of admission, and to assess outcome of trauma patients in elderly age group (>65 years). Methods: A Prospective observational study conducted in emergency Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College , Jammu. 200 patients over age 65 years and who met the criteria of a trauma patient (injury severity score [ISS] > 12) on admission were recruited in the study. The mechanism of injury, injury type, special care unit......

Keywords: Trauma, Elderly, Emergency, Complications

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