iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2020

Abstract: Le pnemomédiastin est défini par la présence de l'air dans le tissu médiastinal, c'est une situation clinique potentiellement rare, bien qu'elle puisse survenir dans une grande variété de troubles différents. La plupart des cas de pnemomédiastin sont probablement le résultat d'une rupture alvéolaire dans la gaine bronchovasculaire. Il est suspecté par la présence d'un emphysème sous-cutané, principalement dans la région du cou et peut être diagnostiqué principalement par ses critères radiologiques caractéristiques. De nombreux cas de pnemomédiastin ont été observés dans plusieurs formes de la tuberculose pulmonaire, décrite dans sa forme miliaire mais également dans la tuberculose cavitaire active qui reste une forme relativement rare. Nous rapportons dans cette observation originale un cas de pnemomédiastin spontané révélant une tuberculose pulmonaire multirésistante.

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[2]. Macklin CC. Transport of air along sheaths of pulmonic blood vessels from alveoli mediastinum: clinical implications. Arch Intern Med 1939; 64: 913-26
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[5]. Saxena M, Shameem M , Bhargava R , Baneen U , Mazhar Alam M , Nazish F. Broncho pleuro subcutaneous fistula with subcutaneous emphysema: A rare presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis. RespiratoryMedicineVolume 8,2013, Pages 3-4.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The diseases of thyroid form a major share of head and neck surgery. Clinical examination although very accurate in most cases, is inadequate in some areas especially in staging of thyroid malignancies and in detecting the multinodularity of the gland. The incidence of thyroid diseases are increasing in recent years due to goitrogens and changing food habits.Diseases of thyroid gland, especially multinodular goiter due to deficiency of iodine is prevalent in India. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of goitrogenous and neoplastic thyroid masses.To assess the clinical features of thyroid masses..To evaluate and assess the role of FNAC in the management of thyroid masses.To correlate FNAC report with histopathology report of thyroid masses......

Key Words: Thyroid, goiter, USG, FNAC, benign lesion, suspicious lesions, malignancy

[1]. Park K. Nutrition and Health, Park's text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 18th edition. Banarasidas Bhanot publishers; 2005:10: 419-420.
[2]. Jhon B Hanks, Thyroid. Sabiston Textbook of surgery: The biological basis of Modern Surgical Practice Vol 1, 18th. Saunder's Elsevier publishers; 2004: 947-983.
[3]. Gregory P Saddler, Orlo H Clarke , Jon A , Van Heerder. Schwartz-Principles of Surgery, 7th edition. Mcgraw hill; 1999:36: 1661-1711.
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Abstract: Introduction Inherited haemoglobin disorders (sickle-cell disorders and thalassaemias) were originally characteristic of the tropics and subtropics but are now becoming common worldwide due to migration. Haemoglobinopathies are the commonest hereditary disorders in India and pose a major health problem. The data on the prevalence of β-thalassemias and other haemoglobinopathies in different caste/ethnic groups of India is scarce. Materials & Method Chi square, Independent t test and one way ANOVA was used for continuous variables. Principal components analysis (PCA) for evaluation of relationship based on available.......

Key words: Burden, α halassemia, β thalassemia, Community control, Challenges.

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Abstract: 36 years old female presented in Emergency unit with 7 days history of chest pain and shortness of breath. She was febrile, initially hemodynamically stable, tachycardic, tachypneic and hypoxic. On chest auscultation bi-lateral equal air entry with fine basal crepitations. Rest of the physical examination remained unremarkable. Laboratory results showed lymphopenia with elevated CRP and high D-dimer. Chest x-ray revealed bi-lateral opacity with prominent right pulmonary segment (Figure 1). On further investigations Computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed bi-lateral extensive pulmonary embolism with ground glass changes consistent with COVID-19 pneumonitis (Figure 2,3). Echocardiogram showed dilated right ventricle and sinus tachycardia on ECG. The final diagnosis was bi-lateral extensive pulmonary embolism secondary to COVID-19. The patient was admitted to a negative pressure room, started on anti-coagulation with low molecular weight heparin and then full thrombolysis and eventually safely discharged to home on a novel oral anticoagulant.

[1]. Magro C, Mulvey J.J., Berlin D, et al. Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: A report of five cases. Transl Res. 2020 Apr 15; doi:10.10.16/j.trsl.2020.04.007
[2]. Chen N, Zhou Min, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan,China: a descriptive study. January 30,2020. Doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
[3]. Wong RS, Wu A, To KF, et al. Haematological manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: retrospective analysis. BMJ2003;326:1358-62
[4]. Lee N, Hui D, Wu A, et al. A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. N Engl J Med2003;348:1986-94
[5]. Casey K, Iteen A, Nicolini R, et al. COVID-19 pneumonia with hemoptysis: Acute segmental pulmonary emboli associated with novel coronavirus infection. Am J Emerg Med. 2020 Apr 8; doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.011
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Abstract: Early detection and diagnosis of dental caries reduces irreversible loss of tooth structure, the treatment costs and the time needed for restoration of the teeth. Examination and evaluation of carious lesions has traditionally been limited to physical criteria such as size depth presence and absence of cavitation which may fail to detect early lesions. There are various caries diagnostic aids for thedetection of dental caries . this brief review will discuss various investigations to detect dental caries early for appropriate clinical treatment decision.

Key words: conventional radiographs , digital radiographs, subtraction radiology ,QLF. DIAGNOdent.

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Abstract: Data is limited or scarce in Indian children on food allergies and their incidence in India. We set to find out the incidence, prevalence, presenting symptoms and the common food allergens in our single center prototype study. To prove the non-existence of data we searched Scientific databases1,2. Literature review in PubMed/ Google scholar/med base using keywords "Food " +" allergy "+"statistics "+ "children"+"SAARC countries" didn‟t reveal any results.Most of the papers related to food allergy were from the Western countries or they were anecdotal Indian data. The growing Indian population, increased usage of processed food, challenges posed by childhood obesity, reduced exposure to external triggers, rising cases of paediatric allergies makes it worthwhile to explore this rather grey area in India

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[2]. Lee BW, Shek LP, Gerez IF, Soh SE, Van Bever HP. Food allergy-lessons from Asia. World Allergy Organ J. 2008 Jul;1(7):129-33. doi: 10.1097/WOX.0b013e31817b7431. PMID: 23282480; PMCID: PMC3650988.
[3]. Goodman R, Gupta A, Mahesh PA, Singh AB, Komarla N, Van Ree R, Mills ENC, Taylor SL. Food allergy and anaphylaxis – 2057. Protecting food allergic consumers and celiac patients in India requires improvements in diagnostic accuracy, patient education, food handling and labelling practices. World Allergy Organ J. 2013 Apr 23;6(Suppl 1):P140. doi: 10.1186/1939-4551-6-S1-P140. PMCID: PMC3643534.
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Abstract: Dentistry is a profession demanding physical and mental efforts as well as personal contacts, which can result in a condition known as "burnout". This is true for all stages of dental career and even dental students. This may have negative effects on their personal and professional life and well-being. Burnout is characterized by 3 key aspects: Emotional Exhaustion (mental fatigue) Depersonalization (psychological distancing from others) and Reduced personal accomplishment or inefficiency. The aim of the review the to provide the clinician with information to recognize the onset of burnout ,the psychological and physiological effects ,the effect on the dentists and the provision of practical methods to address the problem.

Key Word: Burnout, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, Diminished Personal Accomplishment

[1]. Francisco Javier Carod-Artal and Carolina Vazquez-Cabrera;Burnout for Experts:Prevention in the Context of Living and Working.Baher-kohler(ed).DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-4391-9_2.Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
[2]. Shivam Kapoor, Manjunath P. Puranik, Uma SR; Burnout in Dentistry: AnOverview; International Journal of advanced Health sciences, Vol 1,issue 8,December 2014.
[3]. Maslach C, Jackson SE, LeiterMP, PaloAlto: Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual,3rded.PaloAlto:Consulting psychologist Press;1996.
[4]. Ashish Dwivedi,BharathiM,Purohit,Ajay Bhambal;Is Dentistry Turning into Weary Profession? Dimensionality of Experienced Professional Burnout among Dentists in Certral India;Journal of Dent Oro Surg 1(5):122,September 26 2016.
[5]. Pub Med Health.A service of the National Library of Medicine,Naonal Institute of Health.Informed Health Online [Internet].Cologn,Germany:Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care( IQWiG)2006 Depression:What is burnout?; last update:Jan :12,2017.

Abstract: Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics of neonatal sepsis in preterm babiesof tertiary medical college and hospital. Method: this observational study was carried out at Sir Salimullah Medical College andMitford Hospital, Dhaka from July 2010 to October 2011 among 80 preterm babies. Results:among the babies 50(62.5%) babies were in age group 'up to 24 hours', 21(26.3%) babies were in age group '24-48 hours' and 9(11.3%) babies in '48-72 hours' group. Also, 49(61.3%) babies were male and 31(38.8%) were female,3(3.8%) babies had extreme low birth weight (ELBW), 16(20.0%) had very low birth weight (VLBW), 57(71.3%) had low birth weight (LBW) and 4(5.0%) had normal birth weight (≥2500gm).Conclusion:From our study we.......

Keywords: Sociodemographic characteristics, neonatal sepsis, preterm babies, hand washing

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Abstract: Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon but potentially fatal disorder occasionally causing cyanosis particularly in congenital methemoglobinemia. Because of low oxygen saturation, it is often mistaken for other causes of hypoxia by anaesthesiologists despite simple bedside tests. If severe it may lead to hypoxemia and death. We report a case of incidentally detected methemoglobinemia for right osteotomy.

Key Word: Methemoglobinemia, osteotomy, pulse oximetry, oxidizing agent

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Abstract: Résumé: La tuberculose oculaire est rare et les granulomes choroïdiens sont exceptionnels sur un terrain immunocompétent, peut être isolé ou associé a une atteinte pulmonaire, nous rapportons le cas d'un granulome choroïdien imitant un mélanome malin.

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Abstract: Aesthetic dentistry has tremendously transformed patients‟ perspectives of dentistry. Resin composites have been extensively employed in restorative dentistry to meet the patients‟ demands for aesthetics. There has been an evolutionary development in composite resins to best suit the clinical challenges and requirements. But polymerization shrinkage and hydrolysis of hybrid layer have been the perennial difficulties compromising the longevity and integrity of composite restoration leading to post-operative sensitivity, secondary caries formation and finally failure of restoration[1]. Human dentin matrix contains MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-14, and MMP-20 as inactive zymogens. As a result of the local acidic pH (etching), these MMPS are activated and released from dentin upon the dissolution of inorganic compounds. These proteases act on the collagen fibres that are incompletely enveloped by......

[1]. Nedeljkovic I, Teughels W, De Munck J, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL. Is secondary caries with composites a material-based problem? Dent Mater Off PublAcad Dent Mater 2015;31:e247-277. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.001.
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Abstract: Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The fight against this scourge necessarily involves informing and educating the population. It is with this in mind that we conducted this study whose general objective was to evaluate the knowledge of patients received in hepato-gastroenterology consultations on viral hepatitis B. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted over a 4-month period in a hepato-gastroenterology consultation. The study population was divided into 2 groups of 65 individuals each: the first group (patient group), made up of individuals followed for chronic HBs antigen carrier, the second group (control group), made up of individuals who had come for consultation for a pathology not related to HBV. The two groups were matched according.....

Keywords: HBV ; knowledge ; modes of HBV infection ; complications

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Abstract: Introduction: Fractures of the distal end of radius constitutes a very common injury that is seen and treated in emergency room.It accounts for 20% of all fractures treated in emergency room. The common mechanisms of injury are road traffic accident, fall from height, industrial and sports trauma. Distal radial fractures have a bimodal type of age distribution with high energy trauma contributing to younger and low energy trauma in elderly. Open reduction and volar plating were designed to ensure more consistent correction of displacement and maintenance of reduction.....

Keywords: Distal end Radius fracture, volar T-plate, closed reduction, cast application.

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Abstract: Background - This prospective study is to assess maternal and neonatal outcomes after elective induction of labour and to do a comparative study for similar parameters in patients with spontaneous labour. Method - Prospective analytic study comparing 400 low risk electively induced patients at 38 to 41 weeks of gestation with 400 matched controls who laboured spontaneously at term in 2 years from January 2013 to December 2014 at Nalanda Medical College and hospital, Patna, Bihar. Study group consisted of consented patients who had to undergo induction at 38 to 41 weeks of gestation for specific reasons like pshycosocial reasons, suspected macrosomia, perception of decreased foetal movement with reactive NST, clinically suspected decreased liquor. Results – maternal and foetal outcomes were almost similar in both the groups with slightly increased rate of cesarean section in induced nulliparas.

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