iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Dengue fever causes a high burden of disease and mortality across tropical and subtropical regions in Southeast Asia, Africa, the Western Pacific, and the Americas. Dengue virus comprises five serotypes, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4 and DENV-5, which are transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. An estimated 2.5 billion people worldwide are at risk of dengue. More than 50 million dengue infections are estimated to occur annually, of which approximately 500,000 result in hospital admissions for severe dengue in the form of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), principally among children. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based prospective study done at the Department of Paediatrics, GVR Children Hospital, Kurnool during the......

Key Words: Dengue fever, PEM, DHF, DSS.

[1]. Tantawichien T. Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever in adolescents and adults. Paediatrics and international child health. 2012;32(Suppl 1):22–27.
[2]. Tanner L, Schreiber M, Low JG, Ong A, Tolfvenstam T, Lai YL, Ng LC, Leo YS, Thi Puong L, Vasudevan SG, et al. Decision tree algorithms predict the diagnosis and outcome of dengue fever in the early phase of illness. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008;2(3):e196.
[3]. Normile D. Tropical medicine. Surprising new dengue virus throws a spanner in disease control efforts. Science (New York, NY) 2013;342(6157):415.
[4]. Dwivedi VD, Tripathi IP, Tripathi RC, Bharadwaj S, Mishra SK. Genomics, proteomics and evolution of dengue virus. Briefings in functional genomics. 2017;16(4):217–227.
[5]. Guzman MG, Halstead SB, Artsob H, Buchy P, Farrar J, Gubler DJ, Hunsperger E, Kroeger A, Margolis HS, Martinez E, et al. Dengue: a continuing global threat. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010;8(12 Suppl):S7–16.

Abstract: Background: Apart from the WHO 2010 guided sperm parameters like sperm count, morphology, motility, vitality the sperm DNA fragmentation becomes a deciding factor of male infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss and lower pregnancy rate. Male infertility is a heterogeneous groups of disorders, out of which 30-40% are of known causes, rest constitute of unknown (idiopathic) causes. Male infertility has been found to be major cause of infertility, involving about 40%. Though in present days there is no guideline from WHO about standardization in value of DFI, or inclusion of this criteria as routine procedure in reproductive practice, it is expected to be important parameter in evaluation of the problem, prognosis and follow ups. Objective: The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical correlation of sperm DNA index with seminal profile in male infertility.....

Key Words: WHO, DNA fragmentation, ART, Sperm Chroma Kit test

[1]. Saleh RA, Agarwal A, Nelson DR, Nada EA, El-Tonsy MH, Alvarez JG, et al. Increased sperm nuclear DNA damage in normozoospermic infertile men: a prospective study. Fertil Steril. 2002;78(2):313–8.
[2]. Nallella KP, Sharma RK, Aziz N, Agarwal A. Significance of sperm characteristics in the evaluation of male infertility. Fertil Steril. 2006;85(3):629–34.
[3]. Barratt CL. Semen analysis is the cornerstone of investigation for male infertility. Practitioner. 2007;251(1690):8–10, 12, 15-7.
[4]. Riddell D, Pacey A, Whittington K. Lack of compliance by UK andrology laboratories with World Health Organization recommendations for sperm morphology assessment. Hum Reprod. 2005;20(12):3441–5.
[5]. Dam AH, Feenstra I, Westphal JR, Ramos L, van Golde RJ, Kremer JA. Globozoospermia revisited. Hum Reprod Update. 2007;13(1):63–75.

Abstract: Introduction: Eclampsia, which is considered a complication of severe preeclampsia, is commonly defined as new onset of grand mal seizure activity and/or unexplained coma during pregnancy or postpartum in a woman with signs or symptoms of preeclampsia.In the fifth century, Hippocrates noted that headaches, convulsions, and drowsiness were ominous signsassociated with pregnancy. In 1619, Varandaeus coined the termeclampsiain a treatise on gynecology.In the western world, the reported incidence of eclampsia is 1 in 2000 but in developing countries its incidence may be as high as 100 cases per 10,000 live birth. Materials and Methods: This is Retrospective study of all postpartum eclampsia patients admitted between January 2019 to December 2019 in the Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hazaribagh Medical College, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand. All patients admitted with postpartum eclampsia in eclampsia unit of HMCH, Hazaribaghwereincludedin thestudy.All postpartum eclampsia women were admitted in eclampsia room of Eden building during the study period......

Key Words: Eclampsia, maternal mortality, puerperium, seizures

[1]. Gabbe. Obstetrics: normal and problem pregnancies.Hypertension. 5thedn. Churchill Livingstone.An Imprint of Elsevier 2007.
[2]. ACOGCommittee on Obstetric Practice. ACOG practice bulletin.Diagnosis and management of preeclampsia and eclampsia.Number 33, Jan 2002. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2002;77(1):67-75.
[3]. Sharara HA. A review of eclampsia in Qatar: atwenty-year study (from January1991-December 2009). Qatar Med J 2013;2012(2):7-15.
[4]. GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regionaland national life expectancy, all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.Lancet388(10053):1459-544.
[5]. Global Burden of Maternal Death and Disability, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland-2012 newsletter.

Abstract: Introduction: Obstructed labor continues to plague thousands of women each year, accounting for about 8% of all maternal deaths in developing countries like India. It is the leading cause of hospitalization, comprising up to 39% of all obstetric patients in developing countries. Obstructed labor is the single most important cause of maternal death and is one of the three leading causes of perinatal mortality with the case fatality rate of 87%-100%. Materials and Methods: This Retrospective study of obstructed labour was conducted from January 2019 to December 2020 in the Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology of Hazaribagh Medical College, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand. All patients admitted with obstructed labour were included in the study. Detailed history regarding age, socioeconomic status, parity, previous obstetric history, past history, antenatal care, duration of labour, details of referral and management......

Key words: Obstructed labor, maternal death, Malposition, rupture uterus.

[1]. Gessessew A, Mesfin M. Obstructed labour in Adigrat zonal hospital, Tigray Region. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2003;17(3):175-80.
[2]. Dolea C, AbouZahr C. Global burden of obstructed labour in the year 2000. Evidence and Information for Policy (EIP), World Health Organization, Geneva; 2003:1-17.
[3]. Cron J. Lessons from the developing world: obstructed labor and the vesico-vaginal fistula. Medscape Gen Med. 2016;5(3):14.
[4]. Henok A, Asefa A. Prevalence of Obstructed Labour among mothers delivered at Mizan Aman general hospital, South West Euthopia. A Retrospective study. J Womens Health Care. 2015;4(5):1-4.
[5]. Adeyoe IS, Dimejesi L, Onoho R, Bartholomew O, Ezeanochie M, Kalu C. Obstructed labour South East Nigeria Revisited. A multicenter study on maternal socio demographic and clinical co relates. J Womens Health Care. 2014;3(3):160.

Abstract: Background: The scalp is exposed to many insults from the environment and also frequent location of various skin malignancies. It is more commonly susceptible to burns and other trauma that cause extensive disfigurement and scarring. . A successful reconstruction must result in less morbidity, decreased hospitalization time, good aesthetic appearance, preserving the hairline without violating the body contour. The aim of this study was to analyze scalp defects and to discuss various established reconstructive options available and their application at our Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. Materials and Method: All patients with scalp defect admitted during the period from October 2015, to December 2017 are included in this study. The data was collected......

[1]. Jose Antonio Garcia del Campo, Jose Antonio Garcia de Marcos et al. Local flap reconstruction of large scalp defects. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Buca, 2008 Oct1; 13(10): E666-70.
[2]. Camelia Tamas, Lucian Popa et al. Surgical reconstruction in scalp defects. Jurnalul de Chirurgie, Iasi, 2005, 1(2); 196 – 199.
[3]. Samuel J. Lin, M.D, Matthew M. Hanasono et al. Scalp and Calvarial Reconstruction. Seminars in plastic surgery 2008, 22 (4); 281 – 293.
[4]. Barbara S. Lutz, M.D. Scalp and Forehead Reconstruction. Seminars in plastic surgery 2010, 24 (2); 171 – 180.
[5]. TerKonda RP, Sykes JM. Concepts in scalp and forehead reconstruction. OtolaryngolClin North Am 1997; 30: 519–39..

Abstract: Natural or manmade disaster comes with the need of both manpower as well as health care and public health systems. This calls for provision on the part of the health care workers. Dentists are nor perceived as much of help in case of any disaster event. Usually the first responders are primarily looked upon for in the case of any disaster response; if called upon the dentists they can be a source of vital support in medical surge events. Dentists and dental auxillaries can aggrandise the existing medical professionals, in responding to a declared medical calamity. This paper aims at discussing the role of dentists in disaster management. Articles were searched in various medical databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed Central, Science direct, Wiley online Library, Scopus, Copernicus to gather all relevant info. The literature search unwrapped the potential of dentistry in disaster management revealing the extended roles of a dentist.

Key words: Dentists; Disasters; Role

[1]. Singh Gambhi R, Kapoor D, Singh G, Sawhney G, Setia S. Disaster management: Role of dental Professionals. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health. 2013;2(2):424-429.
[2]. National Disaster Management Plan, 2016.A publication of the National Disaster Management Authority, Government of India.May 2016, New Delhi.
[3]. Dutta SR, Singh P, Passi D, Varghese D, Sharma S. The Role of Dentistry in Disaster Management and Victim Identification: An Overview of Challenges in Indo-Nepal Scenario. Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery. 2016 Dec 1;15(4):442-8.
[4]. http://ndma.gov.in/images/policyplan/dmplan/National Disaster Management Plan May 2016.pdf
[5]. http://www.ndma.gov.in/en/disaster-data-statistics.html.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and haemodynamic effects between the sequential administration and pre mixing of morphine and hyperbaric bupivacaine. A randomized and single blinded study was undertaken in the department of anaesthesiology in the attached teaching hospital. 60 patients were divided equally, where one group received sequential and another received premixed morphine and hyperbaric bupivacaine. The demographic parameters of patients were comparable in two groups. There was no statistically significant change in pulse rate of study and control groups on induction of anaesthesia, however the blood pressure fall (both systolic and diastolic) after induction of anaesthesia was more in control group compared to study group. Statistical analysis was done using statistics package. P- value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Key words: Morphine, Hyperbaric bupivacaine, Opioids

[1]. Wylie and Churchill‟s Davidson‟s 5th edition page (734-747)
[2]. Senekal MG , The safe spinal anesthetic, CME, 2012:30:6: 207-10
[3]. Desai S, Lim Y, Tan CH Sia AT, A randomized trial of hyperbaric bupivacaine with opioids, injected as either a mixture or sequentially, for spinal anesthesia for caesarean section, Anaesth Intensive Care: 2010: Mar: 38:2:280-4.
[4]. Sachan P, Kumar n, Sharma JP, Efficacy of premixed versus sequential administration of clonidine as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally in caesarean section, Anesthesia: Essays and Researches, :2014:8:1:20-5.
[5]. Bogra J, Arora N, Srivastava P, Synergistic effect of intrathecal fentanyl and bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for caesarean section. BMC Anesthesiology 2005, 5, 5.
[6]. Robert K Stoetling Pamela Flood James Pharmacology and Physiology in Anaesthetic Practice 3rd edition page (157-160)

Abstract: Background: Leprosy is not only a communicable disease but also a disabling one because of deformities. The externally obvious deformities cause a marked handicap in social life apart from their disabling aspect to the individual. The aim of present study is to know the magnitude of the problems and to evaluate different factors that can influence the development of deformities of limbs in our center of Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. Materials and Method: This prospective comparative observational study was carried out on patients of Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, Civil Hospital and B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India from December 2016 to December 2018 over period of two years in which total 50 adult subjects were included. The incidence of claw hand.......

[1]. Bravo LL, Ratard RC. Leprosy disabilities in the New Hebrides. Lepr Rev. 1977;48(4):247‐260. [2]. Sharma P, Kar HK, Beena KR, Kaur H, Narayan R. Disabilities in multibacillary leprosy patients: before, during and after multidrug therapy. Indian Journal of Leprosy. 1996 Apr-Jun;68(2):127-136. [3]. Brandsma JW, Richard B. The need for controlled studies in tendon transfer surgery of the hand. Indian J Lepr. 1997;69(1):77‐82 [4]. Beine AO, Sampath SR, Cordeiro RA. A modification of the surgical correction of the thumb--a long term follow up. Indian J Lepr. 1989;61(1):17‐22. [5]. Mahajan PM, Jogaikar DG, Mehta JM. Study of deformities in children with leprosy: an urban experience. Indian J Lepr. 1995;67(4):405-409..

Abstract: Back ground: Globally, dental caries level has shown a marked decline in the last decades as a result of improved oral hygiene and wide use of fluoride. However, over 80% of dental caries still occur in the occlusal. Therefore, newly smart material has been conducted to act as primary prevention of deep pits and fissures and stimulating the repair of tooth structure such as fissure sealant containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). Aim: This study aimed to assess and compare the clinical effectiveness of amorphous calcium phosphate containing sealant (ACP) versus conventional sealant. To evaluate the penetration and the adaptation ability of the two sealant materials. Material and methods: the study was conducted as a split mouth randomized clinical trial.Sixty sound fully erupted lower first permanent mandibular.....

Key words: Aegis, Heliosael, fissure sealant, scanning electron microscope

[1]. Silva KG, Pedrini D, Delbem AC, Ferreira L and Cannon M,In situ evaluation of the remineralizing capacity of pit and fissure sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate and/or fluoride. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2010;68:11–18.
[2]. Kumaran P, Clinical Evaluation of the Retention of Different Pit and Fissure Sealants: A 1-Year study. international Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2013; 6(3): 183-187.
[3]. Bagramian RA, Franklin G, and Volpe AR, The global increase in dental caries. A pending public health crisis. American Journal of Dentistry, 2009;22(1): 3-8.
[4]. Urquía M, Brasca, Girardi M, Bonnin C and Ríos M. In vitro study of microleakage of fissure sealant with different previous treatments. Acta OdontológicaLatinoamericana, 2011;24(2):150-154.
[5]. Oba A , Sönmez IS , Ercan E and Dülgergil T , Comparison of retention rates of fissure sealants using two flowable restorative materials and a conventional resin sealant: two-year follow-up. Medical Principles and Practice, 2012;21(3): 234-237.

Abstract:The constant interaction between the subgingival bacterial biofilm and the host immune response leads to the clinical onset of a variety of signs and symptoms of periodontal disease. However, the disease can manifest differently from individual to individual, in terms of severity and rate of progression. This can be explained by the predisposing activity of certain local risk factors. These local risk factors can facilitate bacterial biofilm accumulation, complicate good oral hygiene methods, increase the mechanical stress on teeth or inflict physical damage to the periodontal tissues. In all, their combined action can have a significant predisposing and facilitating effect on the onset and evolution of periodontal disease. If left unmodified and uncorrected, such local risk factors can contribute decisively to the triggering of severe and rapidly progressive forms of periodontal disease, as depicted in the exhibited case report......

Key words: Periodontal Disease, Local Risk Factor

[1]. Cortelli JR, Aquino DR, Cortelli SC, Fernandes CB, de Carvalho-Filho J, Franco GCN, Kawai T. Etiological analysis of initial colonization of periodontal pathogens in oral cavity. Journal of Clinical Microbiology; 2008;46(4):1322-1329.
[2]. Ebersole JL, Dawson D, Emecen‐Huja P, Nagarajan R, Howard K, Grady ME, Kirakodu S. The periodontal war: microbes and immunity. Periodontology 2000; 2017;75(1):52-115.
[3]. Kamath DG, Nayak SU. Detection, removal and prevention of calculus: Literature Review. The Saudi Dental Journal; 2014;26(1):7-13.
[4]. AlJehani YA. Risk factors of periodontal disease: review of the literature. International Journal of Dentistry, 2014, Article ID 182513, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/182513.
[5]. Reynolds MA. Modifiable risk factors in periodontitis: at the intersection of aging and disease. Periodontology 2000; 2014;64(1):7-19..

Abstract: The portion of pulp tissue from the root canal orifice to apical foramen is the root canal (radicular pulp). It may be sectioned as coronal, middle and apical third. The root canal begins as a funnel shaped orifice, generally at the level or slightly apical to the cervical line and ends at the apical foramen. Accessory/Lateral canals are branching of main root canal.

Key words: Apical Constriction, Apical Foramen, Apical delta, Cementodentinal Junction, Tooth Apex

[1]. Textbook of Endodontics, 4th Edition, Nisha Garg, Amit Garg
[2]. Essentials of Endodontics, 2nd Edition, Vimal.K. Sikri
[3]. Grossmans Endodontic Practice, 13th Edition
[4]. Endodontics Principles & Practice, 5th Edition, Mahmoud Torabinejad, Richard E. Walton, Ashraf F. Foud
[5]. Tikku AP, Pandey PW, Shukla I. Intricate internal anatomy of teeth & its clinical significance in endodntics: A review. Endodontology 2012;24:160-9

Abstract: Hepaticinflammatorypseudotumors are rare, theymostoftenpresent in a severe clinical picture simulating a tumor syndrome. The diagnosis is based on a radiologicalexaminationsupplemented by an anatomopathologicalstudy, presentinginflammatorylesionswith a polymorphic infiltrate. We report the case of a patient withgeneral condition who has isolatedepigastralgia. The initial radiological diagnosis was in favor of a non resequablecholangiocarcinoma. The radiologicalexaminationobjectifiedthe disappearance of the tumorafter 5 months.

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[2]. Tsou YK, Lin CJ, Liu NJ, Lin CH, Lin SM. Inflammatorypseudotumor of the liver: Report of eight cases, includingthreeunusual cases and a literaturereview. J GastroenterolHepatol 2007;22:2143-7.
[3]. Koea JB, Broadhurst GW, Rodgers MS, McCall SL. Inflammatorypseudotumor of the liver: Demographic, diagnosis and the case for nonoperative management. J Am CollSurg 2003;196:226-35.
[4]. Shek TW, Ng IO, Chan KW. IPT of the liver: Report of four cases and review of the literature. Am J SurgPathol 1993;17:231-8.
[5]. Fukuya T, Honda H, Matsumata T, Kawanami T, Shimoda Y, Muranaka T, et al .Diagnosis of IPT of the liver: Value of CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994;193:1087-91.

Abstract: Wegener'sgranulomatosis (WG) or granulomatosiswithpolyangiitisis a vasculardiseasewichiscausingnecrotizinggranulomatousvasculitisthatmainly affect the upper and the lowerrespiratory tract, and the kidney. The ophtalmologic manifestations are not veryusual ;they are rarely the first symptomesoccuring the WG disease but cancomplicateit. Report cas of 35 y man who is known as a carrier of WG thing that was confirmed by clinical and biological tests especialy ANCA, then the patient presentedophtalmicsymptosessuch as exophtalmy, ICH syndrome and bilateral ptosis and the diagnostic of orbital wegenerwascalled up based on CT and MRI wherewecouldsee orbital pseudo infammatory's masses and alsohypertrophy of sinus'swall and pachymengitis.

Key words: Wegenerdisease ; Granulomatosis ; polyangiitis ; Vascularitis ; ocularinvolvement ; pseudotumor ; CT ; MRI

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