iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2020

Abstract: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy has become the standard of care for patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. Patients diagnosed with early stage I disease can be treated with surgical resection and are expected to have 5 year survival rate(1). Indeed, significant difference occurs with therapeutic approach and prognosis in stage II and III disease since the local recurrence rate is higher. As neoadjuvant therapy induces change and alters the morphology of tumour cells, it results in diagnostic challenges in evaluating the therapeutic response and in assessment of residual disease(2). Awareness of the therapy induced histological changes in other words "knowledge about tumour healing‟ is essential for a pathologist to evaluate the respected specimen post neoadjuvant therapy. This.......

[1]. Colorectal Cancer Collaborative Group, "Adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer: a systematic overview of 8,507 patients from 22 randomised trials," The Lancet, vol. 358, no. 9290, pp. 1291–1304, 2001
[2]. O. Dworak, L. Keilholz, and A. Hoffmann, "Pathological features of rectal cancer after preoperative radiochemotherapy," International Journal of Colorectal Disease, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 19–23, 1997.
[3]. Henson D E, Hutter R V, Sobin L H, Bowman H E. Protocol for the examination of specimens removed from patients with colorectal carcinoma. A basis for checklists. Cancer Committee, College of American Pathologists. Task Force for Protocols on the Examination of Specimens from Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1994;118(2):122–125.
[4]. Goldstein N S, Soman A, Sacksner J. Disparate surgical margin lengths of colorectal resection specimens between in vivo and in vitro measurements. The effects of surgical resection and formalin fixation on organ shrinkage. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999;111(3):349–351
[5]. Cawthorn S J, Gibbs N M, Marks C G. Clearance technique for the detection of lymph nodes in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg. 1986;73(1):58–60..

Abstract: Background: Back pain is a common medical problem and predominant cause for medical consultations. The concept of lumbar spinal perineural analgesia (LSPA) is to achieve reduction of pain and desensitization of irritated neural structures and not complete analgesia or paralysis of lumbar spinal nerves. This article is intended to study the effectiveness of lumbar spinal perineural analgesia (LSPA) for various causes of low back ache on the basis of degree of pain relief following the procedure. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study comprising of 50 patients who had undergone appropriate investigations before assessment for eligibility, confirming the existence of lumbar disc disease and these selected patients underwent lumbar....

Key Words:back pain, low back ache, analgesia, lumbar disc disease, follow up.

[1]. Hart LG, Deyo RA, Cherkin DC. Physician office visits for low back pain. Frequency, clinical evaluation, and treatment patterns from a U.S. national survey. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995; 20(1):11‐19.
[2]. Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Côté P. The Saskatchewan health and back pain survey. The prevalence of low back pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998; 23(17):1860‐1867.
[3]. Cote P, Cassidy JD, Carroll L. The Saskatchewan Health and Back Pain Survey: the prevalence of neck pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1998; 23:1689 –98.
[4]. Miemelainen R, Videman T, Battie MC. Prevalence and characteristics of upper or mid-back pain in Finnish men. Spine 2006; 31:1846-1849.
[5]. Deyo RA, Weinstein JN. Low back pain. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344(5):363‐370..

Abstract: AIMS:Temporomandibular joint disorders(TMD) is a symptom complex rather than a single condition, and it is supposed to be multifactorial in nature. Although there are many treatments available, although there is a general lack of evidence for any treatment in TMD, and no widely accepted treatment protocol. Hence this present study was carried out to assess the knowledge, awareness and attitude of dental practitioners towards various treatment modalities prescribed for Temporomandibular joint disorder MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: An electronic survey was carried out where in all the the participants were sent mail giving description about the study as well as the survey link. 10 closed ended questions were asked in the questionnaire. Then the survey data was then analysed using Statistical packages for Social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA.....

Key Words: Temporomandibular joint, Treatment, Masticatory muscle

[1]. Kobs G, Bernhardt O, Kocher T, Meyer G (2005) Oral parafunctions andpositive clinical examination findings. Baltic Dent Maxillofac J 7:81-83
[2]. Kijak E, Lietz-Kijak E, Śliwiński Z, Frączak B (2013) Muscle activity in thecourse of rehabilitation of masticatory motor system functional disorders.PostepyHig Med Dosw 67:507-516
[3]. Liu F, Steinkeler A (2013) Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment oftemporomandibular disorders. Dent Clin North Am 57:465-479
[4]. Miettinen O, Lahti S, Sipilä K (2012) Psychosocial aspects oftemporomandibular disorders and oral health-related quality-of-life. ActaOdontolScand 70:331-336
[5]. Manfredini D, Borella L, Favero L, Ferronato G, Guarda-Nardini L (2010)Chronic pain severity and depression/somatization levels in TMD patients.Int J Prosthodont 23:529-534.

Abstract: The present study determines the nutritional status of migratory tribal pregnant women of Nakodar, Kapurthala, Jalandhar district in Punjab state. The sample comprised of 50 respondents and information was collected for various parameters including background data, information related to pregnancy, general information about product, storage of food of tribals, dietary assessment for food and nutrient intake, nutrition knowledge, anthropometric and biochemical assessment.

[1]. Ali A 1987. Food Habits, nutrition health status of the Lanjia Saora –A primitive tribe of Orrissa. Proc. Nutr. Soc. India 33: 56-69.
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[3]. Benefice, E.S. Chevassor- Agnes and Barral, H. 1984. Nutritional situation and seasonal variations for past ovalist populations of the Shael (Senegalese Ferlo). Eco. Food Nutr. 14: 229-247.
[4]. Berlin, E.A. and Markell, E.K. 1977. An assessment of the nutritional and health status of an Ayuaruna Jivaro Community Amazonas, Peru, Ecol. Food Nutr. 6:69-81.
[5]. Bhardwaj, N. 1991. Traditional beliefs versus healthy maternal care. Social welfare. 6:9-10.

Abstract: Introduction:-Rheumatic Mitral Regurgitation and less commonly stenotic and mixed mitral lesions are repaired more and more in developing countries with good short and long term results. Repair of degenerative mitral regurgitation(MR) is an established procedure but repair of regurgitation and mixed mitral valve lesions are often criticized in literature. In this study we critically assessed the outcome of rheumatic mitral valve repair in isolated mitral regurgitation in our institute. Materials and methods:-From May 2014 to Aug 2019 we have randomly selected 47 cases of mitral valve repair operated in our Institute by same set of surgeons. We excluded all patients with concomitant tricuspid valve repair, aortic valve replacement, atrial septal defect, coronary artery bypass graft or any other procedure done along with mitral valve repair. Of these 47 cases 34 were female and 13 were male [Male : Female = 13:34]; average age being 23±9.14 years (range 7to 47years,) ......

Key Words: Repair of mitral valve. Rheumatic Mitral regurgitation.

[1]. Ren JF, Aksut S, Lighty GW Jr, et al. Mitral valve repair is superior to valve replacement for the early preservation of cardiac function: relation of ventricular geometry to function. Am Heart J. 1996;131(5):974-981.
[2]. Suri RM, Schaff HV, Dearani JA, et al. Survival advantage and improved durability of mitral repair for leaflet prolapse subsets in the current era. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2006 Sep;82(3):819-826.
[3]. Enriquez-Sarano M, Schaff HV, Orszulak TA, et al.: Valve repair improves the outcome of surgery for mitral regurgitation. A multivariate analysis. Circulation 1995, 91:1022–1028.
[4]. David TE, Armstrong S, Sun Z, Daniel L. Late results of mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation due to degenerative disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 1993;56(1):7-14.
[5]. Gillinov AM, Cosgrove DM, Blackstone EH, et al. Durability of mitral valve repair for degenerative disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116(5):734-743

Abstract: Background: Spinal anaesthesia is the most commonly used regional technique which gives a rapid and effective block on injection of small doses of local anaesthetics in subarachnoid space. In last few decades, adjuvant like magnesium and dexmedetomidine have been administered with bupivacaine intrathecally to prolong the intra and post-operative analgesia. This study was done to evaluate the effects of intrathecal administration of dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in infraumblical surgeries. Material and Methods: Total of 40 patients aged 18-60 years, of ASA grade I & II scheduled for infraumblical surgeries under subarachnoid block were administered either hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg and dexmedetomidine 10 μg (Group BD) or hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg and magnesium sulphate 50 mg (Group BM). Onset and duration of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia, haemodynamic parameters, side effects and complications were compared between both the groups......

Key Words: Bupivacaine; Dexmedetomidine; Magnesium sulphate; Postoperative analgesia; Spinal anaesthesia.

[1]. Vasure R, Ashahiya ID, Mahendra R, Narang N, Bansal RK. Comparison of effect of adding intrathecal magnesium sulphate to bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine-fentanyl combination during lower limb orthopedic surgery: A randomized double blind study. International journal of scientific study 2016;3(10):141-46.
[2]. Elia N, Culebras X, Mazza C, Schiffer E and Tramer MR. Clonidine as an adjuvant to intrathecal local anaesthetics for surgery: Systematic review of randomized trials. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med. 2008;33:159-67.
[3]. Boussofara M, Carles M, Raucoules-Aime M, Sellam MR and Horn JL. Effects of intrathecal midazolam on postoperative analgesia when added to a bupivacaine-clonidine mixture. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med.2006;31:501-5.
[4]. Talke P, Xu M, Paloheimo M and Kalso E. Effects of intrathecally administered dexmedetomidine, MPV-2426 and tizanidine on EMG in rats. Act. Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003;47:347-54.
[5]. Horvath G, Joo G, Dobos I, Klimscha W, Toth G and Benedek G. The synergistic antinociceptive interactions of endomorphine-1 with dexmedetomidine and/or S (+)-ketamine in rats. Anaesth. Analg. 2001;93:1018-24.

Background and objectives: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block provides most complete and reliable anesthesia for upper limb surgery. Local anaesthetics like bupivacaine and ropivacaine are used frequently for block. To enhance the duration of analgesia different additives have been used. Recently dexamethasone has been studied as an adjuvant to local anesthetic in peripheral nerve block. We observed the effect of addition of dexamethasone to bupivacaine and ropivacaine in USG guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. The primary objective was the duration of analgesia and secondary objectives were onset and duration of sensory and motor block and side effects and complications, if any..........

Key Words: Dexamethasone, ropivacaine, bupivacaine, supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

[1]. Ekenstam B, Egner B and Ulfendahl. Intravenous regional conduction anaesthesia.: A technique. Br J Anaesth.1956;28:503.
[2]. Engineer S R, Patel R, Bishnoi A, Umrigar C M. Dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in brachial plexus block in upper limb surgery. International Journal of Scientific Reports. Oct 2017;3(10):265-270.
[3]. Gonuguntala S B. Efficacy of bupivacaine with 8 mg dexamethasone as an adjuvant for supraclavicular brachial plexus block by comparing with 0.25% bupivacaine alone. Scholar Journal of Applied Medical Sciences. 2016;4(3A):691-695.
[4]. Kuthiala G and Chaudhary G. Ropivacaine: A review of its pharmacology and clinical use. IJA 2011;55(2):104-110.
[5]. Krishna S S, Chandra G P, Chaitnya C K. Comparative study of ropivacaine alone versus ropivacaine with dexamethasone in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. International surgery journal. 2017;4(12):3879-3883.

Abstract: Schizo-obsessive disorders are described by the clinical syndrome in which related obsessive compulsive disorders companions in schizophrenia. This study examined the number of neuropsychological and clinic different between schizophrenia, Schizo-obsessive compulsive, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. While using different neuroimaging machine to study methods for meta-analysis of complex brain image data, as it includes many dimensions related in brain alterations in obsessive compulsive disorders and schizophrenia patients. This research will emphasize the different between structural and functional abnormalities in the brain including Gray matter and white matter in Schizo-obsessive compulsive disorders and schizophrenia patients by doing the abnormality in the different region of the brain. Schizophrenia, Schizo-obsessive and obsessive-compulsive patients are distinguished by age, gender, methods used in different reports of the patients in order to obtain more reliable performance results.

Key Words: schizophrenia, Schizo-obsessive, obsessive-compulsive disorders, a meta-analysis, neuroimaging, machine learning algorithm.

[1]. Abramovitch, A., Abramowitz, J. S., &Mittelman, A. (2013). The neuropsychology of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis.
[2]. Abramovitch, A., Dar, R., Mittelman, A., & Wilhelm, S. (2015). Comorbidity Between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Across the Lifespan: A Systematic and Critical Review.
[3]. Abramowitz, J. S., Taylor, S., & McKay, D. (2009). Obsessive-compulsive disorder
[4]. Alexander-Bloch, A., Raznahan, A., Bullmore, E., &Giedd, J. (2013) The convergence of maturational change and structural covariance in human cortical networks.
[5]. Hoexter, M. Q. (2012). Obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions correlate to specific gray matter volumes in treatment-naive patients.

Abstract: Background: Wounds and their management are fundamental in the practice of surgery. Honey dressing is new concept in management of diabetic foot patients. Very few studies conducted to compare the efficacy of Honey dressing and betadine dressing. Hence, this study is conducted as diabetic foot ulcers are a great burden on the Healthcare system. Aim & objectives: To Compare the Efficacy of Honey dressing versus betadine dressing in the Management of diabetic foot Ulcers. Materials and Methods: After getting ethical clearance certificate from ethical committee of SMIMER-Surat,60 Patients with diabetic foot admitted in Department of Surgery at Surat Municipal Institute Of Medical Education and Research-Surat (SMIMER-SURAT) were screened and selected for study during July 2018 to October 2019.........

Key Words: Diabetic foot, Honey dressing, Betadine dressing.

[1]. Smeltzer, s.c.,& Bare, B.G.; Management of diabetes mellitus in clinical practice; British Journal of Nursing 17 (17), 1106-1113, 2008
[2]. Ramchandran A. et al; Role of Industries in the Care of Diabetic Foot;the International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds
[3]. Jull AB, Walker N, Deshpande S. Honey as a topical treatment for wounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;4:CD005083.
[4]. Riddle JM. Dioscorides on pharmacy and medicine. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985
[5]. Molan PC. The evidence supporting the use of honey as a wound dressing. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2006;5:40e54