iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2020

Abstract: There are various types of ovarian tumors. About 80% are benign and these occurs mostly in young women between the ages of 20 to 45 years.Malignant tumors are more common in older women, between the ages of 46 to 60 years.Ovarian cancer is the eighth most common cancer among the women and accounts for 3% of all cancers in females and the 5th most common cause of death in the United States [1]. According to world health organization histological classification of ovarian neoplasm classified as the basis of origin; Surface-epithelial stromal tumor (65%), Germ cell tumor (15%), Sex cord-stromal tumor (10%), Metastatic (5%), and miscellaneous (5%).Different subtypes of ovarian cancer were discussed in several studies. Studies show that approx. 89% of all ovarian cancer have epithelial origin and the remaining ovarian cancer have non-epithelial origin [2-4]. Surface epithelial-stromal....

[1]. Lora HerickEllenson and Edyta C. Pirog. The Female Genital Tract; in Robbins &cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease.southasia edition. ELSEVIER;2016:page 1022-1023
[2]. Bell DA. Origins and molecular pathology of ovarian cancer. Modern Pathol. 2005;18(S2):S19. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800306
[3]. Andrews L, Mutch DG. Hereditary ovarian cancer and risk reduction. Best Pract Res ClinObstetGynaecol. 2017;41:31–48.doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.10.017
[4]. Reid BM, Permuth JB, Sellers TA. Epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a review. Cancer Biol Med. 2017;14(1):9. doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0084
[5]. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER*Stat Data-base: North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) Incidence Data-Cancer in North America (CiNA) Analytic File, 1995-2014, for Expanded Races, Custom File With County, American Cancer Society Facts and Figures Projection Project (which includes data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries [NPCR], the Canadian Counsel of Cancer Registry's Provincial and Territorial Registries, and the National Cancer Institute's SEER, Registries), certified by the NAACCR as meeting high-quality incidence data standards for the specified time periods. Bethesda MD: National Cancer Institute; 2016.

Abstract: As per International Diabetes Federation (2017), 8.8% of total Indian population are diabetic. Sometimes Diabetes is accidentally diagnosed before extraction during routine laboratory investigations. The stress of extraction in these patients may result in altered glucose homeostasis, persistent hyperglycaemia, endothelial dysfunction, postoperative sepsis, impaired wound healing and cerebral ischemia. It may precipitate perioperative complications like diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome as well as hypoglycaemia. Hence metabolic control is imperative. This paper deals with proper guidelines for routine dental extractions in diabetic patients..

Key Words: Diabetes mellitus, dental surgery, Sliding scale insulin, pre-operative management, peri-operative management, post operative management.

[1]. The ORION Medical Journal 2007 May;27:467-469
[2]. Goldmann DR: Surgery in patients with endocrine dysfunction. Med Clin North Am 71:499–509, 1987
[3]. Galloway JA, Shuman CR: Diabetes and surgery. Am J Med 34:177–191, 1963.
[4]. Hempel A, Maasch C, Heintze U, Lindschau C, Dietz R, Luft FC, Haller H: High glucose concentrations. increase endothelial cell permeability via activation of protein kinase C alpha. Circ Res 81:363–369, 1997..

Abstract: Background: Dengue fever is a tropical infection, presenting with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Hepatic dysfunction in dengue fever is not uncommon, and may lead to fulminant liver failure. This study aims to evaluate the hepatic dysfunction in dengue fever and assess the prognostic value of serum transaminases in determining the severity of dengue. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out at Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, from September 2018 to September 2019. A total of 165 adult patients (both male and female), aged ≥18 years, who tested positive for dengue NS1 antigen or dengue serology (IgM/IgG) were included. Liver function tests were sent for all patients. Patients with elevated serum transaminases were classified into mild elevation.......

Key Words: Dengue Fever, Transaminitis, Hepatitis

[1]. Fever DH. Diagnosis, Treatment. Prevention and Control. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR). 2009;3.
[2]. World Health Organization, Special Programme for Research, Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization. Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization. Epidemic, Pandemic Alert. Dengue: guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. World Health Organization; 2009.
[3]. Khan MY, Venkateshwarlu C, Sandeep N, Krishna AH. A study of clinical and laboratory profile of dengue fever in a tertiary care hospital, Nizamabad, Telangana State, India. Headache. 2016;115:76-7.
[4]. Gubler DJ, Kuno G. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever: its history and resurgence as a global public health problem, p 1-22. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. CAB international, London, United Kingdom. 1997
[5]. Kumar S, Singh M, Chakraborty A. Climatic Imbalance and their Effect on Prevalence of Dengue Fever in India. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 2015;4(11):185-91.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Fracture shaft femur represents 1.6 percent of bony injuries in paediatric age group. It is one of the common fracture requiring hospitalization and further treatment, either conservative or operative. Many times non operative methods are being preferred considering the financial status of the patient. Other modalities include casting, traction, Thomas knee splint and Pavlik harness. Operative modalities include TENS, Plating and External fixators. Nowadays TENS is one of the preferred modality for such fractures in paediatric age group.......

Key Words: Titanium elastic nail, Hip Spica Cast, Paediatric, Femoral shaft fracture, early mobilization.

[1]. Flynn JM, Schwend RM: Management of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. JAAOS 2004, 5:348–359.
[2]. Levy J, Ward WT: Pediatric femur fractures: an overview of treatment. Orthop 1993, 16:185–190.
[3]. Carey TP, Galpin RD: Flexible intramedullary nail fixation of pediatric femoral fractures. Clin Orthop 1996, 332:110–118.
[4]. Bar-On E, Sagiv S, Porat S: External fixation or flexible intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures in children: a prospective randomised study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1997, 79:975–978.
[5]. Khazzam M, Tassone C, Liu XC, Lyon R, Freeto B, Schwab J, Thometz J: Use of flexible intramedullary nail fixation in treating femur fractures in children. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2009, 38:E49–E55.
[6]. Czertak DJ, Hennrikus WL: The treatment of pediatric femur fractures with early 90–90 spica casting. J Pediatr Orthop 1999, 19:229–232.

Abstract: Introduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in ENT. CSOM affects over 300 million individuals over the globe of which 60% suffer from significant hearing loss. Over 90% of the burden is borne by countries in South East Asia, Western Pacific and Africa. Chronic suppurative otitis media is the chronic inflammation of the middle ear cleft.1It is characterized by persistent discharge from the middle ear through a tympanic membrane perforation. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study in the department of ENT, M.G.M Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur....

Key Words: CSOM, Audiometry, preponderance

[1]. Benninger MS, Ferguson BJ, Hadley JA, et al. Adult chronic rhinosinusitis definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology and pathophysiology. Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 2003;129(Suppl 3):S1-S32.
[2]. AhmadZ, Singh A,Goel S, et al.An evaluation of role of sinusitis as focal sepsis in chronic otitis media active mucosal disease.A cross-sectional survey. International Archives of Integrated Medicine 2015;2(7):11-15
[3]. Mion O, de Mello JF,Lessa MM, et al. The role of rhinitis in chronic otitis media. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;128(1):27-31.
[4]. Kim CS, Jung HW, Yoo KY. Prevalence of otitis mediaand allied diseases in Korea-results of a nation-wide survey,1991. J Korean Med Sci 1993;8(1):34-40.
[5]. BozkusF, BozanN, IynenI, et al. Analysis of sinonasal, pharyngeal and allergy-related risk factors for chronic suppurative otitis media.Acta Medica Mediterranea 2013;29:47-52.

Abstract: Introduction: Occupational noise induced hearing loss (ONIHL) is a major cause of disability throughout the world. Occupational noise exposure is likely to contribute in very high proportion of cases of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in workers who are continuously exposed to high frequency noise being emitted from industrial machines. Materials and Methods:This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of noise pollution at work place and different noise scale in two industries, that is, textile and hard strip rolling at Jamshedpur, India. This study was conducted in 100 male industrial workers in age group of 19-55 years, which includes office workers, machine operators, and helpers. All underwent ENT examination and audiometery. The patients suffering from chronic suppurative otitis media, wax, deviated nasal septum, sinusitis, diabetes, and hypertension and on drugs known to affect hearing were excluded from the study......

Key Words: SNHL, Noise, dBA, industrial workers

[1]. Hong O, Lusk SL, Ronis DL. Ethnic differences in predictors of hearing protection behavior between Black and White workers. Res Theory Nurs Pract. 2005;19:63–76.
[2]. Leensen MC, Van Duivenbooden JC, Dreschler WA. A retrospective analysis of noise-induced hearing loss in the Dutch construction industry. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2011;84:577–90.
[3]. Money A, Carder M, Turner S, Hussey L, Agius R. Surveillance for work-related audiological disease in the UK: 1998-2006. Occup Med (Lond) 2011;61:226–33.
[4]. Davies H, Marion S, Teschke K. The impact of hearing conservation programs on incidence of noise-induced hearing loss in Canadian workers. Am J Ind Med. 2008;51:923–31.
[5]. Tak S, Davis RR, Calvert GM. Exposure to hazardous workplace noise and use of hearing protection devices among US workers — NHANES, 1999-2004. Am J Ind Med. 2009;52:358–7.

Abstract: Aim – The aim of the study was to evaluate the Knowledge & Attitude of Dental Practitioners on Green Dentistry in Navi Mumbai Materials and Methods: The survey included 253 responses that were disseminated via google forms. The responses were then analysed. Results: Although most of the dental practitioners are aware about the dire need of environment friendly approach even in the dental routine, the current practices portray a slightly contrasting scenario. 65.6 % and 68.4% people use disposable cups and drapes in their clinic. However, 83.4% dentists are in favour of digital radiographs rather than the conventional.....

[1]. Erridge P. Green dentistry. British dental journal 2008;205:167.
[2]. Rastogi V, Sharma R, Yadav L, Satpute P, Sharma V. Green dentistry, a metamorphosis towards an eco-friendly dentistry: a short communication. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR 2014;8:ZM01-02.
[3]. Duane B. Green dentistry: motivating change. British dental journal 2014;217:388.
[4]. Damle SG. Eco-friendly green dentistry: The future of dentistry? Contemporary clinical dentistry 2016;7:423-425.
[5]. Greene B. Green dentistry: It's easy being green. British dental journal 2018;225:992.

Abstract: The primary aspect of resolving the chief complaint of a dental patient includes resolution of the pain related discomfort as well as eradicate the phobia often associated with going ahead with dental treatment. Dental patients often come with a preinstalled fear of anticipating pain during dental procedures which in turn leads to indecisiveness and apprehension. An important and often ignored aspect of treatment in such cases is to effectively allay patient anxiety and achieve effective pain control both preoperatively via premedication as well as during and after the procedure is finished. This is where come the role of adjunctive pharmacologic strategies to supplement the clinical treatment procedure and make the patient comfortable. The aim of this article is to explore the role of various drugs that help in pain and anxiety management in cases of endodontic pathology....

Key Words: Dental, Pain, Endodontic, Drugs, Anxiety, Root Canal Treatment

[1]. Mehlisch DR. The efficacy of combination analgesic therapy in relieving dental pain. J Am Dent Assoc 2002;133(7):861-71.
[2]. Marshall JG, Walton RE. The effect of intramuscular injection of steroid on posttreatment endodontic pain. J Endod 1984; 10(12):584-8.
[3]. Liesinger A, Marshall FJ, Marshall JG. Effect of variable doses of dexamethasone on posttreatment endodontic pain. J Endod 1993; 19(1):35-9.
[4]. Keiser K, Hargreaves KM. Building effective strategies for the management of endodontic pain. Endod Top. 2002;3:93–105.
[5]. Petersson K, Soderstrom C, Kiani-Anaraki M, Levy G. Evaluation of the ability of thermal and electrical tests to register pulp vitality. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999;15: 127–131.

Abstract: The polycysticovary syndrome(PCOS)is a widespread reproductive disorder that encompasses many associated health conditions and impacts various metabolic processes and alargeproportion of women of reproductive age are suffering from PCOS. It is defined as a syndrome of ovarian dysfunction along with polycystic ovary morphology and hyperandrogenism. It enhances risks of type II diabetes, insulin resistance(IR) and cardiovascular disease. The etiology of the disease remains unclear. Different factors could result in different manifestations and many of these are related to predispositions. Among adolescent patients it is difficult to diagnose PCOS due to overlapping.....

Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome; Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) ; Hyperandrogenism

[1]. H.Teede,A.Deeks,andL.Moran,―Polycysticovarysyndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan,‖BMCMedicine,vol.8,article41,2010.
[2]. Dunaif, A. (1997). Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis. Endocr. Rev. 18, 774–800. doi: 10.1210/er.18.6.774
[3]. Dewailly, D., Lujan, M. E., Carmina, E., Cedars, M. I., Laven, J., Norman, R. J., et al. (2014). Definition and significance of polycystic ovarian morphology: a task force report from the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society. Hum. Reprod. Update 20, 334–352. doi: 10.1093/humupd/ dmt061
[4]. deZegher,F.,andIbáñez,L.(2009).EarlyOriginsofpolycysticovarysyndrome: hypotheses may change without notice. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 3682–3685. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1608
[5]. de Zegher, F., Lopez-Bermejo, A., and Ibáñez, L. (2009). Adipose tissue expandability and the early origins of PCOS. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 20, 418–423. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.06.003.

Abstract: Background: Leadership skills are the essential component for nurses to provide quality patient care. Yet true leadership skills are challenging to solve the clinical decision making problems in the hospital. Objective: The study aim was to identify the level of leadership skills as perceived by clinical nurses at tertiary level public hospital in Bangladesh. Methods. This was a descriptive study conducted among the clinical nursing working at Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital in Dhaka city with self-administered questionnaire. A total of 112 participants were conveniently recruited into the study. Participants' characteristics and leadership skills were measured using demographic questionnaire (DQ-9) and Registered Nurses Clinical Leadership Scale, Bangladesh (RN-CLS, BD-63). Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and SD was used to measure the variables. Inferential statistics including independent......

Keywords: Leadership, clinical Nurse, Skill.

[1]. Abdelsalam Ahmed Eldeeb, G. (2016). Perception of Patient Safety among Nurses at Teaching Hospital. American Journal of Nursing Science, 5(4),122.
[2]. Assessment of Patient Safety Culture among Health Care Workers in Beni-Suef University Hospital, Egypt. (2017). the Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine, 35(3),11-19.
[3]. Al-Sawai, A. (2013). Leadership of healthcare professionals: where dowestand? Oman medical journal, 28(4),285.
[4]. Akhondzadeh, K., Hosseini, S. A., Bahrami, M., & Salehi, S. (2007). Critical thinking and clinical decision making in nurse. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research Winter,12(1).
[5]. Latif, A., Boonyoung, N., & Chaowalit, A. (2017). Clinical Leadership Skills of Registered Nurse: A Qualitative Study from the Perspective of Bangladesh. Songklanagarind Journal of Nursing, 37(Supplement),106-115..