iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2020

Abstract: INTRODUCTION The incidence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing strains among clinical isolates has been steadily increasing over the past years resulting in limitation of therapeutic options. Microorganisms responsible for urinary tract infection such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species have the ability to produce ESBLs in large quantities. There is not enough data on the prevalence of ESBL producers in urinary tract infection in Jharkhand, India. Hence, the present study was undertaken. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES......

Keywords: Extended spectrum β–lactamase (ESBL), Klebsiella species, Escherichia coli, Antibiogram.

[1]. Elsayed TI, Ismail HA. Elgamal SA et al. The occurrence of multidrug Resistant E. coli which produce ESBL and Cause Urinary Tract Infections. J Appl Microbial Biochem. Vol. 1 No.2:8.
[2]. Chaudhary U, Aggarwal R. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) – An emerging threat to clinical therapeutics Indian J Med Microbiol 2004;22:75-80.
[3]. S. Thenmozhil, K. Moorthy, B.T. Suresh kumar, M. Suresh, Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism of ESBL. Producing Enterobactriaceae in Clinical Field. A Review.
[4]. Nandagopal B, Sankar S, Sagadevan k, Arumugam H, Jesudason M V, Aswathaman K, Nair A. Frequency of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing urinary isolates of Gram-negative bacilli among patients seen in a multispecially hospital in Vellore district, India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015;33:282-285.
[5]. Babypadmini S, Appalaraju B, Exxtended spectrum β-lactamases in a terriary care hospital Indian J Med Microbiol 2004;22:172-174..

Abstract: Aims and objectives - The aim of the study was to assess trends in CD4 cell counts in HIV infected patients before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy at RIMS, Ranchi. Materials and methods - In this study, 64 patients were included ,attending ART centre, RIMS Ranchi. Study period was from the month of January, 2017 to June, 2018. The CD4 counts before and after ART intervention of 6 months and 12 months respectively of all 64 patients were analysed by calculating mean and standard deviation. Results - Present study shows that the mean CD4 count in 64 patients before ART was 226, with standard deviation of ±290.After 6 months of ART, the mean CD4 count increased to 440 with ±300 standard deviation of mean value. After 12 months of ART, the mean CD4 count decreased to 411 with ±281standard deviation of mean value......

[1]. Schaller T, Herold N. The Early Bird Catches the Worm - Can Evolution Teach us Lessons in Fighting HIV? Current HIV Research. 2016;14(3):183-210. PubMed | Google Scholar
[2]. Teshome W, Tefera A. Detection of immunological treatment failure among HIV infected patients in Ethiopia? a retrospective cohort study. BMC Immunology. 2015 Sep 16;16:55. PubMed | Google Scholar
[3]. Hirnschall G, Harries AD, Easterbrook PJ, Doherty MC, Ball A. The next generation of the World Health Organization's global antiretroviral guidance. Journal of the International AIDS Society. 2013 Jun 30;16:18757. PubMed | Google Scholar
[4]. Jennifer Hoffman , Johan van Griensven , Robert Colebunders & Mehri McKellar. Role of the CD4 count in HIV management. HIV THERAPY, VOL.4,NO.122 Dec 2009 https://doi.org/10.2217/hiv.09.58
[5]. Zaccarelli M, Tozzi V, Lorenzini P et al.: Multiple drug class-wide resistance associated with poorer survival after treatment failure in a cohort of HIV-infected patients. AIDS 19(10), 1081–1089 (2005).

Abstract: Background and Aim: Spinal anaesthesia is widely used for lower limb orthopaedic surgery. A number of adjuvants are added to maximize quality of anaesthesia, effective analgesia and to overcome the side-effects associated with local anaesthetic agents are used. This study has been carried out to evaluate onset of sensory and motor block, duration of block, analgesic efficacy, intraoperative hemodynamic parameters and side-effects of magnesium sulphate and fentanyl when used as an adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine in lower limb orthopaedic surgery. Methods: This prospective, randomized double blind study was conducted in 100 patients of either sex, ASA I and II, posted for lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. The patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups: Group.......

Key words: Spinal anesthesia, Bupivacaine, Magnesium sulphate, Fentanyl, Lower limb orthopaedic surgery

[1]. Etches RC, Sandler AN, Delay MD, Respiratory depression & spinal opioids. Can J Anaesth. 1989; 71;165-185.
[2]. Laulin JP, Larcher A. CelerierE, LeMoal M,SimonnetG. Long –lasting increased pain sensitivity in rat following exposure to heroin for the first time. Eur J Neurosci1998;10:782-5.
[3]. Tramer MR, Schneider J.Marti RA, Rifat K. Role of magnesium sulphate in postoperative Analgesia. Anesthesiol 1996; 84:340-7.
[4]. Roseag OP. Lui, Cicutti NJ, Bragg PR, Perioperative multimodal pain therapy for caesarean section: analgesia and fitness for discharge. Can J Anesth 1997;44:803-9.
[5]. Woolf CJ,Thompson SW. The induction and maintenance of central sensitization is dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activation; Implications for the treatment of post-injury pain and hypersensitivity states.Pain 1991;44:293-9.

Abstract: Quality control on diagnostic X-ray machine in Radiological units of two public Hospital and two private diagnostic centers in Sokoto metropolis designated UDUTH, SHS, MDC, CDC was carried out using Beam Alignment and collimator test tool, KVP Reproducibility and Accuracy meter. The study was based on Technical standards for Radiological Protection and Quality control in medical diagnosis. The collimator and Bean alignment tests were used to measure the degree of misalignment of the target points while the kVp Accuracy and Reproducibility were also ascertained at different sets kVps. The techniques employed in measuring the percentage of....

Keywords: Quality control, Misalignment, accuracy, reproducibility, kilovolt peak,

[1]. Akaagerger, N.B., Tyovenda A.A., and Ujah F.O. (2015). "Evaluation of Quality Control Parameters of Half-Value Layer, Beam Alignment and Collimator Test tools on Diagnostic x-ray machines. International Journal of Science and Technology. Volume 4 No. 6.
[2]. Behrouz Rasuli, Ali Mahmoud Pashazadeh, Mohamad JavadTahmasebiBirgani, Mohammad Ghorbani, MozafarNaserpour, and JafarFatahi-Asl (2015). Quality control of conventional radiology devices in selected hospitals of Khuzestan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Medical physics. Volume 2 No.5.
[3]. Bushong S.C. (2001). Radiologic physics for technologist; physics, biology and protection. 7th edition. St. Louis , Missouri. Pp. 45-87.
[4]. Carlton, R. and Adler A. (2006). Principle of Radiographic Imaging. 4th edition. Thomson-Delmer Canada. Pp. 123-205.
[5]. ICRP – International Commission on Radiological Protection (1991). "1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), Publication 60, Annals of the ICRP 1991; pp 21: 1-3

Abstract: The fibrovascular polyp is a rare benign intraluminal lesion of the esophagus, this lesion can remain asymptomatic until it becomes voluminous, its diagnosis is usually evoked in endoscopy and confirmed by barium esophagogram and CT scan. We report a case of a fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus in a 82-year-old man, the polyp is composed of dense fibrous tissue, in which there are thin-walled blood vessels and predominant amount of adipose tissue, the diagnosis was confirmed by an endoscopic biopsy

[1]. Levine MS (2003) Benign tumors of the esophagus: radiologic evaluation. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 15:9–19
[2]. Ginai AZ, Halfhide BC, Dees J. Giant esophageal polyp: a clinical and radiological entity with variable histology. Eur Radiol 1998; 8: 264–69
[3]. Wolfensberger M, Hauser R, Terracciano L. Fibrovascular polypsof the esophagus. HNO 1995; 43(7): 442–45
[4]. Patel J, Kieffer RW, Martin M, Avant GR (1984) Giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus. Gastroenterology 87:953–956
[5]. Ascenti G, Racchiusa S, Maziotti S. Giant fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus: CT and MR findings. Abdom Imaging 1999; 24: 109–10

Abstract: Background: Class IV or Dirty wounds are old traumatic wounds with retained devitalized tissue and those that involve existing clinical infection or perforated viscera. Dirty abdominal wounds have a higher incidence of wound dehiscence or 'Burst Abdomen' especially in the presence of poor fascial approximation. Since there are no studies on rectus closure techniques in dirty abdominal wounds, we tried to compare the two commonly used techniques of rectus closure and assess the outcome. Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, 97 patients undergoing closure of midline laparotomy wounds were randomly allocated into 2 interventional groups based on the technique of rectus closure, Group C (Continuous.....

Key Word: Rectus closure; Interrupted; Continuous; Dirty wounds; Abdominal wounds

[1]. (n.d.). WHO | World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/infection-prevention/tools/surgical/SSI-surveillance-protocol.pdf
[2]. Classification of surgical wounds - Preoperative skin antiseptic preparations and application techniques for preventing surgical site infections: A systematic review of the clinical evidence and guidelines - NCBI bookshelf. (n.d.). National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK174534/#top
[3]. Agrawal, C. S., Tiwari, P., Mishra, S., Rao, A., Hadke, N. S., Adhikari, S., & Srivastava, A. (2012). Interrupted abdominal closure prevents burst: Randomized controlled trial comparing Interrupted-X and conventional continuous closures in surgical and Gynecological patients. Indian Journal of Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-012-0611-8
[4]. Srivastava A, Roy S, Sahay KB, Seenu V, Kumar A, Chumber S, Bal S, Mehta S. Prevention of burst abdominal wound by a new technique: A randomized trial comparing continuous versus interrupted X-suture. Indian J Surg 2004;66:19-27
[5]. Varik, K., Kirsimägi, Ü., Värimäe, E., Eller, M., Lõivukene, R., & Kübarsepp, V. (2010). Incidence and risk factors of surgical wound infection in children: A prospective study. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery, 99(3), 162-166. https://doi.org/10.1177/145749691009900311

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perception of ophthalmic surgeries among ophthalmic outpatients of Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu. METHODS: A hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study. Eligibility criteria included consented adults aged 18 years or above, who attended the eye clinic within the period of study irrespective of patient's ocular pathology. The study instrument used was a pretested, researcher-administered structured questionnaire containing Participant's demographics and their perceptions of eye surgeries. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 20.0. Chi-square(x2) was used for class comparisons while student T-test was used to compare....

Key Words: perception, eye, surgeries, tertiary hospital

[1]. Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etiga' ale D, Kocur I, Parajasegaram R, Palcharel GP, et al. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 844-51.
[2]. Resnikoff S, Pararajasegaram R. blindness prevention programmes: past, present, and future. Bull World Health Oragn 2001; 79: 222-6.
[3]. Elliwein LB, Kupfer C. Strategic Issuers in cataract blindness prevention in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73(3): 681-90.
[4]. De Senne FMB, Cardillo JA, Rocha Em, Kara-Jose N: Long term visual outcomes in the cataract-free zone project in Brazil. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2002; 80(3) : 265-6.
[5]. Carvalho KM, Monterio GBM, Isaac CR, Shiroma LO, Amaval MS. Causes of low vision and use of optical aids in the elderly. Rev Hosp Clinic Fac Med 2004; 59: 157-60.

Abstract: Background : Laparoscopic surgery has become the procedure of choice for treating appendicitis. But in this evolving era, single incision laparoscopic surgery for appendicitis is gaining importance because of its cosmetic benefits . So, here we compared outcomes of two laparoscopic surgeries. Method: A total of 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy were studied. Patients were grouped under 2 categories randomly, group A undergoing single incision laparoscopic appendectomy(SILA) & group B undergoing conventional three port laparoscopic appendectomy(CLA). Post operatively, duration of surgery, intra operative time, post operative hospital stay , tolerance to diet, patients satisfaction were monitored.......

Keywords: single incision, laparoscopic, appendectomy, cosmesis, pain

[1]. McBurney C. The incision made in the abdominal wall in cases of appendicitis, with a description of a new method of operating. Ann Surg 1894; 20 : 38-43.
[2]. Semm K. Endoscopic appendectomy. Endoscopy 1983; 15 : 59-64.
[3]. Aziz M. Merchant & Michael W. Cook & Brent C. White & S. Scott Davis & John F. Sweeney & Edward Lin. J Gastrointest Surg 2009;13;159–162.
[4]. Saber AA, Elgamal MH, Itawi EA, et al. Single incision laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SILS): a novel technique. Obes Surg. 2008;18:1338–1342.
[5]. Tagaya N, Rokkaku K, Kubota K. Needlescopic cholecystectomy versus needlescope-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Technol. 2007;17:375–379.

Abstract: The novel coronavirus (named "2019-nCoV") causes severe respiratory illness that was first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The developing countries as well as developed countries along with WHO are struggling to control the pandemic effectively. Meanwhile, the pace of growth of diagnostic tools and treatment procedures could not compensate for the tremendous spread of this disease. Here, our perspective study describes the utilization of traditional medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment. Siddha medicine is the traditional medical system of Tamilnadu in India. There are several diagnostic methods and treatment procedures which have been practiced for thousands of years by Siddhars. Some traditional practices might be helpful.....

Keywords: Covid-19, Kabavadhasuram,Kabavadhasura kudineer, Naadi(Pulse reading), Siddha Medicine, Smell identification test, Taste identification test.

[1]. CDC Health Alert Network Advisory Update and Interim Guidance on Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China.
[2]. China reports 42 new confirmed covid-19 cases, 49 asymptomatic infections, The Hindu, Business line updated on April 10, 2020.
[3]. Mindy weisberger, loss of smell could be a symptom of COVID-19, Live science online on March 23, 2020.
[4]. Suzuki et al., Identification of virus in patients with post viral olfactory dysfunction, The Laryngoscope/ volume 117, issue 2, Jan2009.
[5]. Menni et al., Loss of smell and taste in combination with other symptoms is a strong predictor of COVID- 19 (Non-peer reviewed) doi: 10.1101/2020.04.05.20048421