iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2020

Abstract: WHO has published laboratory testing guidelines for COVID-19 in suspected cases. Recognizing that the global spread of COVID-19 has dramatically increased the number of suspected cases and the geographic area where laboratory testing needed to be implemented,intensified with shortage of molecular testing's and reagents can meet the definition and help us to understand the prevention and proper safety measures of samples. The 2019 Coronavirus pandemic which was initially referred to as 2019-nCoV, was first identified in Wuhan, China. Early response from the Chinese government included quarantine of infected persons, isolation and total lockdown of Wuhan province to prevent further spread. With the spread of the disease across national borders and declaration of the disease as a global pandemic, there has been a robust response by the international community to contain......

Keywords: COVID-19, Laboratory samples, Safety and handling specimens, Limited resources, Preventive measures.

[1]. World Health Organization 2004. Laboratory biosafety manual. – 3rd ed.
[2]. Azhar El, Hui DSC, Memish ZA, Drosten C, Zumla A. The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019;33(4):891-905
[3]. Alsaad KO, Hajeer AH, Al Balwi M, et al. Histopathology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronovirus (MERS-CoV) infection - clinicopathological and ultrastructural study. Histopathology. 2018; 72: 516-524.
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[5]. Ahmed SS, Alp E, Ulu-Kilic A, Doganay M. Establishing molecular microbiology facilities in developing countries. Journal of Infection and Public Health 2015; 8(6): 513-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2015.04.029.

Abstract: Introduction:Valgus impacted femoral neck fractures present considerable difficulty inachieving anatomical reduction and therefore the management of these fractures remainan area of considerablecontroversy. Conventionally, in situ fixation without disimpaction of the fracture fragments has been advocated which sometimes is known tobe associated with kinking of lateral epiphyseal vessels , inferiomedial opening offracture and hence progressing to AVN femoral head and nonunion . We thereforedescribe our technique of achieving anatomic reduction of fracture neck....

Key Words: Neck of femur fracture , Valgus impacted , Reduction technique

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Abstract: Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an abrupt onset of renal dysfunction resulting from injurious endogenous or exogenous processes characterized by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). AKI is common in critically ill children and an early diagnosis is important for better outcome. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study over 2 years at PICU of a tertiary care hospital, NMCH Patna including critically ill children of age group >30 days to 16 years. Children were diagnosed as AKI and its severity categorized, either at admission or subsequently during the hospital stay based on pRIFLE criteria. Clinical variables and outcome.....

Key words: Acute kidney injury, mortality, risk actors, Pediatric intensive care unit, pRIFLE

[1]. Bellomo R, Kellum JA, Ronco C. Acute kidney injury. Lancet.2012; 380:756–764
[2]. Narayanan P, Prabha S, Mondal N, Mahadevan S, Srinivasan S, Krishnamurthy S, et al. Clinical profile of acute kidney injury in a pediatric intensive care unit from Southern India: a prospective observational study. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2013;17(4):207-12.
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[4]. Fortenberry JD, Padden ML, Goldstein SL. Acute kidney injury in children: an update on diagnosis and treatment. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013; 60:669–688
[5]. Akcan-Arikan A, Zappitelli M, Loftis LL, Washburn KK, Jefferson LS, Goldstein SL. Modified RIFLE criteria in critically ill children with acute kidney injury. Kidney Int. 2007;71(10):1028-35.

Abstract: AIM-To study the correlation of thyroid hormone levels with FSH, LH and prolactin in infertile women of reproductive age group. MATERIAL AND METHODS-This study includes 50 infertile women who attended gynaecology OPD of our institute along with 50 fertile women as a control group between age group of 20 to 40 years. Thyroid hormones and infertility hormones level was measured from all participants by chemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULT- Prolactin and TSH were positively correlated with each other. They were also negatively correlated with LH, FSH and T3 in infertile groups. Therefore we can say that hyperprolactinemia and hypothyroidism plays an important key role in etiopathogenesis of infertility.......

Key Words-Infertility, Thyroid hormones, FSH, LH, Prolactin

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[5]. Micińsk P., Wielgus E., Wojcieszyn M., Pawlicki K. Abnormal ovarian reserve test reflects thyroid dysfunction. Pol J Gyn Invest., 2006; 9(1): 30-4.

Abstract: Background: Nose and nasal cavity constitute a common site for polypoidal masses. Nasal masses encountered have clinical and pathological entities revealing wide spread histopathological spectrum. Material and Method: The retrospective and prospective study of all cases who underwent surgery or biopsy in period of 2 year from August 2017to July 2019. Results:A total of 86 cases( 53 males and 33 females) were reported. Non-neoplastic nasal massesformed the largest group: 61 cases(70.9%) followed by 25 cases(29.1%) of neoplastic nasal masses.Non-neoplastic masses was inflammatory polyp:42 cases(48.8%),Rhinosporidiosis.....

Keywords: Nasal masses, Polyps, Rhinosporidiosis, Adenoid cystic carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma

[1]. Humayun AHM, ZahurulHuq AHM, Ahmed SMT, et alClinicopathological study of sinonasal masses. BangladeshJ Otorhinolaryngol 2010;16:15-22.
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[3]. Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abas, Jon C. Aster. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease: South Asia Edition. VolII : Elsevier; 2017. P.735.
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[5]. Makannavar JH, Chavan SS (2001) Rhinosporidiosis—a clinicopathological study of 34 cases. Indian J PatholMicrobiol 44:17–21.

Abstract: The interpretation of changes in thyroid hormones concentration during normal pregnancy should be based on an understanding of the normal physiological changes during pregnancy, the iodine adequacy, medication and ambient goitrogens in different geographical region. (1-5)It also depends upon topography, nutrition intake, socioeconomic status and cultural practices.Indian thyroid society has taken recommendation of American thyroid association strongly recommends population defined , trimester-wise and region specific reference range for the diagnosis6,7 Aim and ObjectivesTo evaluate the variation in thyroid status in different trimester of normal......

Keywords: Pregnancy, Trimester, FT3, FT4,TSH

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Abstract: The present pandemic of COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 and constitutes a public health emergency of global concern. This virus primarily spreads between people during close contact often via small droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, and talking. The droplets usually fall to the ground or onto surfaces rather than remaining in the air over long distances .The Symptoms of COVID-19 infection include fever, cough, and respiratory distress. Right now here none of the private healthcare establishments here have access to rapid diagnostic......

Key words: Covid-19, face shield. PPE, ENT, safety

[1]. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. (February 2020). "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China". Lancet. 395 (10223): 497–506. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5. PMC 7159299. PMID 31986264.
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[5]. "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—Transmission". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.

Abstract: The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic is an ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. Several countries including India has resorted to countrywide lockdown limiting population movement as a preventive measure against the pandemic. However in order to make some essential services available to the community and to continue working in the present situation or in the near future, guidelines have been issued by several international and national organisations. Their major recommendations include 1. Developing an Infectious Disease Preparedness and Response Plan 2.Developing, Implementing.....

Key words: workplace, COVID 19, prevention, response

[1]. World Health Organisation.Coronavirus. Available from https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus. Accessed on 22/4/2020 [2]. International Labour Organisation. Prevention and Mitigation of Covid 19 at work. Action Checklist. Available from https://www.ilo.org /instructionalmaterial/wcms_741813.pdf. Accessed on 22/4/2020
[3]. World Health Organisation. Getting workplace ready for COVID 19. Available from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for-covid-19.pdf Accessed on 22/4/2020
[4]. National Centre for Disease Control. Guidelines for workplace in COVID 19 case. Available from https://ncdc.gov.in/ Accessed on 22/4/2020
[5]. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 Available from https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3990.pdf Accessed on 22/4/2020

Abstract: The objective of the analysis reported in this paper was to calculate the universal health coverage gaps in 54 African continent countries as a proxy indicator of vibrancy of underlying national health systems. The data analysed was extracted from the WHO Global Health Observatory. The UHC index gap varied widely from 22% in Algeria to 75% in Somalia. The UHC gaps were 30% and below in 4 countries; 31-40% in 8 countries; 41-50% in 6 countries; 51-60% in 23 countries; 61-70% in 10 countries; and 71% and above in 3 countries. The fact that UHC index gaps were more than 50% in 36 (66.7%) countries raise significant concern about those countries national health systems capacities to conduct laboratory testing of suspected cases, tracing of confirmed cases contacts, isolating, and safely managing positive COVID-19 cases.

Keywords: COVID-19, National health system, Universal health coverage, Universal health coverage gap

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[6]. WHO. Global Health Observatory. UHC Service Coverage Index. http://apps.who.int/gho/portal/uhc-overview.jsp. Accessed 30 March 2020.

Abstract: Purpose - To study the clinical profile of patients of endophthalmitis presenting to the tertiary health care centre. Methods- This was a prospective observational study that involved 25 patients with endophthalmitis complaining of blurring of vision, redness, pain, purulent discharge, photophobia and eyelid swelling. Results-There were 18 males and 7 females and the age group taken was 30 to 75 years. 14 patients belonged to the age group of 30 to 45 years, out of which 10 were males and 4 were females. 7 patients belonged to age group of 46 to 60 years, out of which 5 were males and 2 were females. 4 patients belonged to the age group of 61 to 75 years , out of which 3 were males and 1 was females. Most common presentation in endophthalmitis patients is blurring of vision in 86% patients followed by redness in 74% patients ,pain in 72% patients, purulent discharge in 66% patients ,photophobia in 55% patients and eyelid swelling in 42% patients. Majority of patients belong....

Keywords: endophthalmitis, post traumatic, post operative, endogenous, hypopyon

[1]. A. R. E. Dehghani, L. Rezaei, H. Salam, Z. Mohammadi, and M. Mahboubi, "Post traumatic endophthalmitis: incidence and risk factors," Global Journal of Health Science, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 68–72, 2014.
[2]. C. M. Andreoli, M. T. Andreoli, C. E. Kloek, A. E. Ahuero, D. Vavvas, and M. L. Durand, "Low rate of endophthalmitis in a large series of open globe injuries," American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 147, no. 4, pp. 601–608, 2009.
[3]. R. W. Essex, Q. Yi, P. G. P. Charles, and P. J. Allen, "Posttraumatic endophthalmitis," Ophthalmology, vol. 111, no. 11, pp. 2015–2022, 2004.
[4]. Y. Zhang, M. N. Zhang, C. H. Jiang, Y. Yao, and K. Zhang, "Endophthalmitis following open globe injury," The British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 111–114, 2010.
[5]. S. D. Nicoara, I. Irimescu, T. C ˘ Jlinici, and C. Cristian, "Outcome and prognostic factors for traumatic endophthalmitis over a 5- year period," Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 2014, Article ID 747015, 7 pages, 2015. 6 Journal of Ophthalmology.

Abstract: Purpose - To study the clinical profile of patients of fungal keratitis presenting to the tertiary health care centre. Methods- This was a prospective observational study that involved 100 eyes of 50 patients with fungal keratitis complaining of foreign body sensation ,pain ,blurring of vision ,redness , itching ,watering ,photophobia. Diagnostic tests were done in all the patients. Results-There were 34 males and 16 females and the age group taken was 30 to 75 years. 14 patients belonged to the age group of 30 to 45 years, out of which 10 were males and 4 were females. 28 patients belonged to age group of 46 to 60 years, out....

Keywords: fungal keratitis, feathery ulcer, hypopyon, Aspergillus

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Abstract: Thrombocytopenia is a disorder in which there are too few platelets in the blood. Platelets are small, disk-shaped cellular structures in the bloodstream that help the blood to clot. Thus thrombocytopenia is often characterised by excessive bleeding, including epistaxis and easy bruising. Thrombocytopenia can be diagnosed by a routine blood test. Thrombocytopenia arises for one of three reasons , the bone marrow may not produce enough platelets, too many platelets may be destroyed in the spleen, thrombocytopenia can be caused by a variety of conditions.....

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[5]. Yasmeen Khatib1 , Dr. Vaishali Jain2 , Dr. Richa Patel, One year study of thrombocytopenia in a peripheral hospital of Mumbai, Volume 6, Issue 4 (April 2016), PP. 26-30

Abstract: Vitamin D-dependent type two rickets (VDDRII) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in the vitamin D receptor gene, leading to end-organ resistance to 1,25(OH) 2 vitamin D3. VDDR type II causes rachitic changes and alopecia not responsive to vitamin D treatment. Here we present a 7 years old girl with Vitamin D dependent Rickets type II, with dental anomalies.

Key words: Vitamin D-dependent type two rickets (VDDRII) , dental anomalies., alopecia

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[2]. Vupperla D, Lunge SB, Elaprolu P. Vitamin D-dependent rickets Type II with alopecia: a rare case report. Indian journal of dermatology. 2018 Mar;63(2):176.
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[4]. Miksza KF, Brenner FM, Andreola GM, Sakiyama PH. Alopecia in patients with vitamin D-resistant rickets type-II. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia. 2017 Mar;92(2):286-7.